What are your variant characteristics of culture? culture in nursing. culture in nursingdissertations details: What are your variant characteristics of culture? How has each one influenced you and your worldview?

CH011.ppt

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Theories, Models, and Approaches
Larry Purnell, PhD, RN, FAAN

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Cultural Theories, Models, and Approaches
Leininger: First nurse cultural theorist from early 1950s. She states it is for nursing only
Campinha-Bacote: basic simple model without complex constructs but applicable to all healthcare providers. Also has a Biblical based model.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Cultural Theories, Models, and Approaches
Giger and Davidhizar: Nursing only
Purnell: For all health care providers and is an example of a complexity and holographic conceptual model with an organizing framework.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Cultural Theories, Models, and Approaches
Papadopoulous, Tilki, and Taylor Model for Transcultural Nursing and Health
Andrews and Boyle Nursing Assessment Guide
Spector’s Health Traditions Model

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Cultural Theories, Models, and Approaches
Ramsden’s Cultural Safety Model
Jeffrey’s Teaching Cultural Competence in Nursing and Health Care: Inquiry, Action, and Innovation

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Leininger’s Theory of Cultural Care
Diversity and Universality
www.madeleine-leininger.com

Leininger described the phenomena of cultural care based on her experiences.
Began in the 1950s with her doctoral dissertation conducted in New Guinea

www.tcns.org and go to theories and then to the Sunrise Enabler and her model is displayed as well as publications.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Transcultural Nursing
“Transcultural nursing has been defined as a formal area of study and practice focused on comparative human-care (caring) differences and similarities of the beliefs, values, and patterned lifeways of cultures to provide culturally congruent, meaningful, and beneficial health care to people.“
Leininger and McFarland text, 3rd ed.,2002, pp5-6.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Leininger: Purpose and Goal
To discover, document, interpret, explain and predict multiple factors influencing care from a cultural holistic perspective.
The goal of the theory was to provide culturally congruent care that would contribute to the health and well being of people, or to help them face disability, dying, or death using the three modes of action.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Leninger: Theoretical Tenets
Leininger’s tenets: Care diversities (differences) and universalities (commonalties) existed among cultures in the world which needed to be discovered, and analyzed for their meaning and uses to establish a body of transcultural nursing knowledge.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Leininger: Assumptions
Care is essence of nursing and a distinct, dominant, central, and unifying focus. Some would say that caring is not unique to nursing.
Care is essential for well being, health, growth, survival, and to face handicaps or death.
Culturally based care is the broadest means to know, explain, interpret, and predict nursing care phenomena to guide nursing care decisions and actions.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Leininger Assumptions
Nursing is a transcultural humanistic and scientific care to serve individuals, groups, communities, and institutions worldwide.
Caring is essential to curing and healing for there can be no curing without caring.
Cultural care concepts meanings and expression patterns of care vary transculturally with diversity and universality.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Leininger Assumptions
Every human culture has generic care knowledge and practices and some professional care knowledge that vary transculturally.
Culture care values, beliefs, and practices are influenced by the (rays of the sun see the Model).
Beneficial, healthy, and satisfying culturally based care influences the health and well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities within the cultural context.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Leininger Assumptions
Culturally congruent care can only occur when individuals’, groups’, and communities’ patterns are known and used in meaningful ways.
Culture care differences and similarities between professionals and clients exist in all human cultures worldwide.
Culture conflicts, imposition practices, cultural stresses, and pain reflect the lack of professional care to provide culturally congruent care.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Leininger’s Sunrise Enabler to
Discover Culture Care

To view the model go to:
http://leiningertheory.blogspot.com/

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Leininger Orientational Theory Definitions
Cultural Care Preservation or Maintenance: all is well with the patient so encourage to continue what has been done
Cultural Care Accommodation or Negotiation: Needs some change. What is acceptable weight from the patient’s perspective
Cultural Care Repatterning or Restructuring: Practices are deleterious to overall health and need restructured: sexually promiscuous and has not been practicing safe sex

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services: A culturally Competent Model of Care
Dr. Josepha Campinha-Bacote but cannot display her model. Go to http://www.transculturalcare.net

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Process of Cultural Competence
Cultural Competence is a process not an event.
The process consist of five inter-related constructs: Cultural desire, cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skills, and cultural encounter.
The key and pivotal construct is cultural desire.
There is more variation within a cultural group than across cultural groups.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Process of Cultural Competence
There is a direct relationship between healthcare professionals level of cultural competence and their ability to provide culturally responsive health care.
Cultural competence is an essential component in delivering effective and culturally responsive care to culturally diverse clients.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Cultural Desire
. . . Cultural desire is defined as the motivation of the healthcare professional to “want to” engage in the process of becoming culturally competent; not the “have to”.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Concepts
Cultural awareness is the self-examination and in-depth exploration of one’s own cultural background.
Cultural knowledge is the process of seeking and obtaining a sound educational base about culturally diverse groups.
Cultural Skills is the ability to collect relevant cultural data regarding the client’s presenting problem as well as accurately perform a culturally based physical assessment.
Cultural encounter is the process which encourages the healthcare professional to directly engage in face-to-face interactions with clients from culturally diverse backgrounds.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

The Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model
Dr. Joyce Giger
Dr. Ruth Davidhizar (deceased)

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Giger and Davidhizar Assumptions
The Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Model postulates that each individual is culturally unique and should be assessed according to the six cultural phenomena.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Giger and Davidhizar Communication
Communication embraces the entire world of human interaction and behavior. Communication is the means by which culture is transmitted and preserved. Both verbal and non-verbal communication are learned in one’s culture.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Giger and Davidhizar
Space
Space refers to the distance between individuals when they interact. All communication occurs in the context of space.
Zones of personal space: intimate, personal, social, and consultative and public. Rules concerning personal distance vary from culture to culture.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Giger and Davidhizar
Social Organization
Social organization refers to the manner in which a cultural group organizes itself around the family group. Family structure and organization, religious values and beliefs, and role assignments may all relate to ethnicity and culture.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Giger and Davidhizar
Time
Time is an important aspect of interpersonal communication.
Cultural groups can be past, present, or future oriented.
Preventive health requires some future time orientation because preventative actions are motivated by a future reward.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Giger and Davidhizar Environmental Control
Environmental control refers to the ability of the person to control nature and to plan and direct factors in the environment that affect them.

Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company

Giger and Davidhizar
Biological Variations
Biological differences, especially genetic variations, exist between individuals in different racial groups.

Boyle and Andrews Culturological Assessment
Biocultural variations and cultural aspects of the incidence of disease
Communication
Cultural affiliations
Cultural sanctions and restrictions
Developmental considerations
Economics
Educational background

Boyle and Andrews Culturological Assessment
Health related beliefs and practices
Kinship and social networks
Nutrition
Religion and spirituality
Values orientation

Ramsden Cultural Safety
“the effective nursing practice of a person or a family from another culture, as determined by that person or family”, while unsafe cultural practice is “any action which diminishes, demeans or disempowers the cultural identity and wellbeing of an individual” (Nursing Council of New Zealand (NCNZ).

Ramsden Cultural Safety
http://culturalsafety.massey.ac.nz/RAMSDEN%20THESIS
Assumes that nurses and the culture of nursing is exotic to people
Gives the power of definition to the person served
Concerned with human diversity
Focus internal on nurse or midwife, exchanges power, negotiated
A key part of Cultural Safety is that it emphasises life chances rather than life styles

Papadopoulos, Tilki, and Taylor
Cultural Awareness
Self awareness
Cultural identity
Heritage adherence
Ethnocentricity
Stereotyping
Ethnohistory

Papadopoulos, Tilki, and Taylor
Cultural Knowledge
Health beliefs and behaviours
Anthropological, Sociological,
Psychological and Biological understanding
Similarities and differences
Health Inequalities

Papadopoulos, Tilki, and Taylor
Cultural Sensitivity
Empathy
Interpersonal/communication skills
Trust
Acceptance
Appropriateness
Respect

Papadopoulos, Tilki, and Taylor
Cultural Competence
Assessment skills
Diagnostic skills
Clinical Skills
Challenging and addressing prejudice, discrimination, and inequalities

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