Week 6

A client’s description of symptoms and the observations of the clinical social worker are not always reliable when determining a diagnosis for an anxiety disorder. Therefore, anxiety measurements are very useful in clinical practice. An anxiety scale can indicate the level of severity, which helps the clinician determine the appropriate treatment.  

For this Discussion, review the case study, “Working with Clients with Severe Persistent Mental Illness: The Case of Emily,” and read the DSM-5 chapters on anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Remember, you will determine a diagnosis for Emily. Also, read the article on anxiety disorders by Olatuni, Cisler, and Tolin (2007). Finally, search the literature for an evidence-based assessment scale that would assist you in your diagnosis.

Post a clinical diagnosis for Emily based on the information provided in the case study, using the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5. Note that the diagnosis in the case study was based on the DSM-IV. Include other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention in your diagnosis. Compare the two diagnoses, particularly when using a person-in-environment approach. 

What target behaviors and/or symptoms does the scale assess? 

How valid and reliable is the assessment tool? How is the scale administered? 

How would this tool help you with your diagnosis?  

Support your post with specific references to the resources. Be sure to provide full APA citations for your references.

Working With Clients With Severe Persistent Mental Illness: The Case of Emily / Page 1 of 3

© 2016 Laureate Education, Inc.

Working With Clients With Severe Persistent Mental Illness: The Case of Emily

Emily is a 62-year-old, single, heterosexual, African American female who seeks

treatment for anxiety. She says she often hears a female voice directing her to punish herself by

tweezing the hair from her head or by scrubbing her home clean. She reported that tweezing her

hair eases her anxiety. She has arthritis in her spine and knee and uses a walker to help her

manage mobility safely. She receives Social Security income and is not employed. Emily lives

alone in a subsidized apartment in the same building as her 72-year-old, unmarried sister. She is

reliant upon her sister for transportation and for a sense of social and emotional connection.

Emily and her sister shared an apartment for over 30 years, beginning when each of their

marriages dissolved. When her sister began a romantic relationship 5 years ago, Emily reported

that she began to feel very anxious and started to cry often. Emily moved into an apartment down

the hall in the building and began to tweeze the hair from her head, hiding her hair loss by

wearing wigs. Her sister learned of Emily’s tweezing after her wig slipped off one evening, and

she encouraged Emily to seek treatment.

During our initial visit at a local mental health center, Emily shared that when she was 2

years old her mother died from tuberculosis, and the following year her father, an army officer,

died from colon cancer. After his death, Emily lived with her paternal aunt from whom she felt

no love. Her older brother and sister were placed in an orphanage, and Emily was permitted to

see them on Sundays. When it became apparent that the children were entitled to death benefits,

Emily’s aunt agreed to take custody of all three siblings. The household then consisted of

Emily’s paternal aunt, her husband (who Emily described as an alcoholic), their three children,

and Emily and her two older siblings.

Working With Clients With Severe Persistent Mental Illness: The Case of Emily / Page 2 of 3
© 2016 Laureate Education, Inc.

Emily was briefly married in her early 20s but was disappointed and hurt by her

husband’s infidelity. She moved in with her sister and enrolled in a cosmetology school, but had

to stop working for health reasons when she was 58 years old.

Emily and I met for 50 minutes each week for counseling. She identified two goals of

treatment: to integrate the female voice and to disengage from trichotillomania (the compulsive

urge to pull out one’s own hair). Emily was collaborative during our sessions, conveying warmth

and enthusiasm when she arrived to her appointments. During the sessions, I provided room for

Emily to express her feelings so that she might develop healthy coping strategies for anxiety and

find acceptance of past events and memories.

Reflection Questions

The social worker in this case answered these additional questions as follows.

1. What specific intervention strategies (skills, knowledge, etc.) did you use to address this

client situation?

I used two specific strategies with Emily. First, I used a Hearing Voices Recovery Movement
strategy to help Emily identify the voice giving her commands and find out what its needs
were. I used cognitive behavioral therapy interventions to help Emily learn to “boss it back”
when she felt compelled to pull out her hair.

2. Which theory or theories did you use to guide your practice?

I used behavioral theories to help guide my understanding of how to help Emily.

3. What were the identified strengths of the client(s)?

Emily was motivated for treatment.

4. What were the identified challenges faced by the client(s)?

Emily has a very limited support system, making it is easy for her to isolate and for her self-
harm to go unnoticed.

5. What were the agreed-upon goals to be met to address the concern?

Working With Clients With Severe Persistent Mental Illness: The Case of Emily / Page 3 of 3
© 2016 Laureate Education, Inc.

Emily wanted to feel less frightened of the voice she heard and less driven to comply with its
demands of her.

6. Did you have to address any issues around cultural competence? Did you have to learn about
this population/group prior to beginning your work with this client system? If so, what type
of research did you do to prepare?

In reading scholarly articles about trichotillomania I learned more about the importance of
having “good hair” among some African American women. I used this information to open
discussions with Emily about how she felt about her hair and what caring for her hair and
removing her hair means to her.

7. How can evidence-based practice be integrated into this situation?

Using Emily’s treatment plan, Emily and I were able to identify which interventions worked
to reduce the amount of time Emily thought of pulling her hair and how often she actually
removed hair.

Adapted from:

Working with clients with severe persistent mental illness. (2014). In Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S.,
& Brocksen S. M. (Eds.). Social work case studies: Concentration year (pp. 25–26, 106–107).
Baltimore, MD: Laureate Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader]