week 1

In this discussion, you will be practicing close reading techniques covered in Sections 1, 2, and 3. You will be working on identifying aspects of short stories. You will also practice annotation skills to help you perform close readings of digital material.

Choose an Aesop’s Fable from the selection below. Read several and choose one that interests you and one that you will be able to work with.

PDF Reading: Choice of fable: Aesop’s Fables

Read through the fable once to get the plot, character, setting, and moral down. You will be treating the moral as the theme of the fable, and you will want to demonstrate how the details of the fable illustrate the theme.

There are four parts to this posting:

1. Annotate Your Fable. Start by using some of the strategies provided for reading: annotate the fable by highlighting and adding comments. If you are using a print copy, that’s fine. Just be sure to annotate it according to the strategies.

For example, as shown in the PDF on annotation, on the left side of your chosen fable, make a few comments where the key points of the story occur. For example, identify the key character(s) and what they do.

On the right side, make notes on the key word(s) that can answer the following question: What details of the fable support the abstract concept of the moral?

If you are able to do so, take a screenshot (or a picture if you’re using a print version) of your annotated fable. Save it as a PDF and attach it to your response in the discussion. LEO does not allow the copying of images directly into the textboxes.

2. Present a Summary. In your discussion posting, provide a one- to three-sentence summary of the fable. The summary should state just the facts, not any opinion or ideas. Then note which details illustrate the moral; importantly, identify the key word(s) that are present in the fable.

Reminder: Summarizing can help you understand complex material. As you decide on what to include, remember to focus only on the key ideas. Identifying the key word(s) first will help you with the writing of the summary. That’s where annotation helps!

3. Provide an Explanation. Once you have completed your analysis of the fable for details, consider how important those details are to the fable and write a brief explanation of their importance.

Example: In “The Fox and the Grapes,” an important detail of the plot is that the fox fails to get the grapes, despite his repeated attempts. The grapes are an important detail as well because they were growing so high above the fox that he cannot jump high enough; thus, the setting of the grape arbor is important too.

One detail that is not present is knowledge of whether the grapes taste sweet or sour. However, the fox imposes judgment upon the grapes in order to justify his failure, thereby not focusing on how he failed but how he wouldn’t have wanted them anyway. He denies that he failed and assumes that the grapes weren’t worth the effort anyway. In the video, then, we see Aesop’s daughter falling under the same parameters of failure: she cannot purchase the handbag because it is so expensive, so she decided she doesn’t like it anyway.

4. Your Annotation Strategy. Include a separate paragraph to explain the annotation strategy you used to develop your response. Also note how you may use this strategy for future readings of digital material. If you had any trouble or areas of concern working through this critical reading strategy, please note them as well.

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Aesop’s Fables

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The Cock and the Pearl

A cock was once strutting up and down the farmyard
among the hens when suddenly he espied something
shinning amid the straw. ‘Ho! ho!’ quoth he, ‘that’s for
me,’ and soon rooted it out from beneath the straw. What
did it turn out to be but a Pearl that by some chance had
been lost in the yard? ‘You may be a treasure,’ quoth
Master Cock, ‘to men that prize you, but for me I would
rather have a single barley-corn than a peck of pearls.’

Precious things are for those that can prize them.

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The Wolf and the Lamb

Once upon a time a Wolf was lapping at a spring on a
hillside, when, looking up, what should he see but a Lamb
just beginning to drink a little lower down. ‘There’s my
supper,’ thought he, ‘if only I can find some excuse to
seize it.’ Then he called out to the Lamb, ‘How dare you
muddle the water from which I am drinking?’

‘Nay, master, nay,’ said Lambikin; ‘if the water be
muddy up there, I cannot be the cause of it, for it runs
down from you to me.’

‘Well, then,’ said the Wolf, ‘why did you call me bad
names this time last year?’

‘That cannot be,’ said the Lamb; ‘I am only six months
old.’

‘I don’t care,’ snarled the Wolf; ‘if it was not you it was
your father;’ and with that he rushed upon the poor little
Lamb and .WARRA WARRA WARRA WARRA
WARRA .ate her all up. But before she died she gasped
out .’Any excuse will serve a tyrant.’

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The Dog and the Shadow

It happened that a Dog had got a piece of meat and was
carrying it home in his mouth to eat it in peace. Now on
his way home he had to cross a plank lying across a
running brook. As he crossed, he looked down and saw
his own shadow reflected in the water beneath. Thinking
it was another dog with another piece of meat, he made
up his mind to have that also. So he made a snap at the
shadow in the water, but as he opened his mouth the
piece of meat fell out, dropped into the water and was
never seen more.

Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the
shadow.

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The Lion’s Share

The Lion went once a-hunting along with the Fox, the
Jackal, and the Wolf. They hunted and they hunted till at
last they surprised a Stag, and soon took its life. Then
came the question how the spoil should be divided.
‘Quarter me this Stag,’ roared the Lion; so the other
animals skinned it and cut it into four parts. Then the Lion
took his stand in front of the carcass and pronounced
judgment: The first quarter is for me in my capacity as
King of Beasts; the second is mine as arbiter; another share
comes to me for my part in the chase; and as for the fourth
quarter, well, as for that, I should like to see which of you
will dare to lay a paw upon it.’

‘Humph,’ grumbled the Fox as he walked away with
his tail between his legs; but he spoke in a low growl
.’You may share the labours of the great, but you will not
share the spoil.’

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The Wolf and the Crane

A Wolf had been gorging on an animal he had killed,
when suddenly a small bone in the meat stuck in his throat
and he could not swallow it. He soon felt terrible pain in
his throat, and ran up and down groaning and groaning
and seeking for something to relieve the pain. He tried to
induce every one he met to remove the bone. ‘I would
give anything,’ said he, ‘if you would take it out.’ At last
the Crane agreed to try, and told the Wolf to lie on his
side and open his jaws as wide as he could. Then the
Crane put its long neck down the Wolf’s throat, and with
its beak loosened the bone, till at last it got it out.

‘Will you kindly give me the reward you promised?’
said the Crane.

The Wolf grinned and showed his teeth and said: ‘Be
content. You have put your head inside a Wolf’s mouth
and taken it out again in safety; that ought to be reward
enough for you.’

Gratitude and greed go not together.

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The Man and the Serpent

A Countryman’s son by accident trod upon a Serpent’s
tail, which turned and bit him so that he died. The father
in a rage got his axe, and pursuing the Serpent, cut off part
of its tail. So the Serpent in revenge began stinging several
of the Farmer’s cattle and caused him severe loss. Well, the
Farmer thought it best to make it up with the Serpent, and
brought food and honey to the mouth of its lair, and said
to it: ‘Let’s forget and forgive; perhaps you were right to
punish my son, and take vengeance on my cattle, but
surely I was right in trying to revenge him; now that we
are both satisfied why should not we be friends again?’

‘No, no,’ said the Serpent; ‘take away your gifts; you
can never forget the death of your son, nor I the loss of
my tail.’

Injuries may be forgiven, but not forgotten.

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The Town Mouse and the
Country Mouse

Now you must know that a Town Mouse once upon a
time went on a visit to his cousin in the country. He was
rough and ready, this cousin, but he loved his town friend
and made him heartily welcome. Beans and bacon, cheese
and bread, were all he had to offer, but he offered them
freely. The Town Mouse rather turned up his long nose at
this country fare, and said: ‘I cannot understand, Cousin,
how you can put up with such poor food as this, but of
course you cannot expect anything better in the country;
come you with me and I will show you how to live.
When you have been in town a week you will wonder
how you could ever have stood a country life.’ No sooner
said than done: the two mice set off for the town and
arrived at the Town Mouse’s residence late at night. ‘You
will want some refreshment after our long journey,’ said
the polite Town Mouse, and took his friend into the
grand dining-room. There they found the remains of a
fine feast, and soon the two mice were eating up jellies
and cakes and all that was nice. Suddenly they heard
growling and barking. ‘What is that?’ said the Country

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Mouse. ‘It is only the dogs of the house,’ answered the
other. ‘Only!’ said the Country Mouse. ‘I do not like that
music at my dinner.’ Just at that moment the door flew
open, in came two huge mastiffs, and the two mice had to
scamper down and run off. ‘Good-bye, Cousin,’ said the
Country Mouse, ‘What! going so soon?’ said the other.
‘Yes,’ he replied;

‘Better beans and bacon in peace than cakes and ale in
fear.’

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The Fox and the Crow

A Fox once saw a Crow fly off with a piece of cheese
in its beak and settle on a branch of a tree. ‘That’s for me,
as I am a Fox,’ said Master Reynard, and he walked up to
the foot of the tree. ‘Good-day, Mistress Crow,’ he cried.
‘How well you are looking to-day: how glossy your
feathers; how bright your eye. I feel sure your voice must
surpass that of other birds, just as your figure does; let me
hear but one song from you that I may greet you as the
Queen of Birds.’ The Crow lifted up her head and began
to caw her best, but the moment she opened her mouth
the piece of cheese fell to the ground, only to be snapped
up by Master Fox. ‘That will do,’ said he. ‘That was all I
wanted. In exchange for your cheese I will give you a
piece of advice for the future .’Do not trust flatterers.’

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The Sick Lion

A Lion had come to the end of his days and lay sick
unto death at the mouth of his cave, gasping for breath.
The animals, his subjects, came round him and drew
nearer as he grew more and more helpless. When they saw
him on the point of death they thought to themselves:
‘Now is the time to pay off old grudges.’ So the Boar
came up and drove at him with his tusks; then a Bull
gored him with his horns; still the Lion lay helpless before
them: so the Ass, feeling quite safe from danger, came up,
and turning his tail to the Lion kicked up his heels into his
face. ‘This is a double death,’ growled the Lion.

Only cowards insult dying majesty.

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The Ass and the Lapdog

A Farmer one day came to the stables to see to his
beasts of burden: among them was his favourite Ass, that
was always well fed and often carried his master. With the
Farmer came his Lapdog, who danced about and licked his
hand and frisked about as happy as could be. The Farmer
felt in his pocket, gave the Lapdog some dainty food, and
sat down while he gave his orders to his servants. The
Lapdog jumped into his master’s lap, and lay there
blinking while the Farmer stroked his ears. The Ass, seeing
this, broke loose from his halter and commenced prancing
about in imitation of the Lapdog. The Farmer could not
hold his sides with laughter, so the Ass went up to him,
and putting his feet upon the Farmer’s shoulder attempted
to climb into his lap. The Farmer’s servants rushed up
with sticks and pitchforks and soon taught the Ass that
clumsy jesting is no joke.

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The Lion and the Mouse

Once when a Lion was asleep a little Mouse began
running up and down upon him; this soon wakened the
Lion, who placed his huge paw upon him, and opened his
big jaws to swallow him. ‘Pardon, O King,’ cried the little
Mouse: ‘forgive me this time, I shall never forget it: who
knows but what I may be able to do you a turn some of
these days?’ The Lion was so tickled at the idea of the
Mouse being able to help him, that he lifted up his paw
and let him go. Some time after the Lion was caught in a
trap, and the hunters who desired to carry him alive to the
King, tied him to a tree while they went in search of a
waggon to carry him on. Just then the little Mouse
happened to pass by, and seeing the sad plight in which
the Lion was, went up to him and soon gnawed away the
ropes that bound the King of the Beasts. ‘Was I not right?’
said the little Mouse.

Little friends may prove great friends.

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The Swallow and the Other Birds

It happened that a Countryman was sowing some
hemp seeds in a field where a Swallow and some other
birds were hopping about picking up their food. ‘Beware
of that man,’ quoth the Swallow. ‘Why, what is he doing?’
said the others. ‘That is hemp seed he is sowing; be careful
to pick up every one of the seeds, or else you will repent
it.’ The birds paid no heed to the Swallow’s words, and by
and by the hemp grew up and was made into cord, and of
the cords nets were made, and many a bird that had
despised the Swallow’s advice was caught in nets made out
of that very hemp. ‘What did I tell you?’ said the Swallow.

Destroy the seed of evil, or it will grow up to your
ruin.

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The Frogs Desiring a King

The Frogs were living as happy as could be in a marshy
swamp that just suited them; they went splashing about
caring for nobody and nobody troubling with them. But
some of them thought that this was not right, that they
should have a king and a proper constitution, so they
determined to send up a petition to Jove to give them
what they wanted. ‘Mighty Jove,’ they cried, ‘send unto
us a king that will rule over us and keep us in order.’ Jove
laughed at their croaking, and threw down into the
swamp a huge Log, which came downrplashto the swamp.
The Frogs were frightened out of their lives by the
commotion made in their midst, and all rushed to the
bank to look at the horrible monster; but after a time,
seeing that it did not move, one or two of the boldest of
them ventured out towards the Log, and even dared to
touch it; still it did not move. Then the greatest hero of
the Frogs jumped upon the Log and commenced dancing
up and down upon it, thereupon all the Frogs came and
did the same; and for some time the Frogs went about
their business every day without taking the slightest notice
of their new King Log lying in their midst. But this did

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not suit them, so they sent another petition to Jove, and
said to him, ‘We want a real king; one that will really rule
over us.’ Now this made Jove angry, so he sent among
them a big Stork that soon set to work gobbling them all
up. Then the Frogs repented when too late.

Better no rule than cruel rule.

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The Mountains in Labour

One day the Countrymen noticed that the Mountains
were in labour; smoke came out of their summits, the
earth was quaking at their feet, trees were crashing, and
huge rocks were tumbling. They felt sure that something
horrible was going to happen. They all gathered together
in one place to see what terrible thing this could be. They
waited and they waited, but nothing came. At last there
was a still more violent earthquake, and a huge gap
appeared in the side of the Mountains. They all fell down
upon their knees and waited. At last, and at last, a teeny,
tiny mouse poked its little head and bristles out of the gap
and came running down towards them, and ever after they
used to say:

‘Much outcry, little outcome.’

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The Hares and the Frogs

The Hares were so persecuted by the other beasts, they
did not know where to go. As soon as they saw a single
animal approach them, off they used to run. One day they
saw a troop of wild Horses stampeding about, and in quite
a panic all the Hares scuttled off to a lake hard by,
determined to drown themselves rather than live in such a
continual state of fear. But just as they got near the bank
of the lake, a troop of Frogs, frightened in their turn by
the approach of the Hares scuttled off, and jumped into
the water. ‘Truly,’ said one of the Hares, ‘things are not so
bad as they seem:

‘There is always someone worse off than yourself.’

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The Wolf and the Kid

A Kid was perched up on the top of a house, and
looking down saw a Wolf passing under him. Immediately
he began to revile and attack his enemy. ‘Murderer and
thief,’ he cried, ‘what do you here near honest folks’
houses? How dare you make an appearance where your
vile deeds are known?’

‘Curse away, my young friend,’ said the Wolf.
‘It is easy to be brave from a safe distance.’

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The Woodman and the Serpent

One wintry day a Woodman was tramping home from
his work when he saw something black lying on the snow.
When he came closer he saw it was a Serpent to all
appearance dead. But he took it up and put it in his bosom
to warm while he hurried home. As soon as he got
indoors he put the Serpent down on the hearth before the
fire. The children watched it and saw it slowly come to
life again. Then one of them stooped down to stroke it,
but thc Serpent raised its head and put out its fangs and
was about to sting the child to death. So the Woodman
seized his axe, and with one stroke cut the Serpent in two.
‘Ah,’ said he,

‘No gratitude from the wicked.’

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The Bald Man and the Fly

There was once a Bald Man who sat down after work
on a hot summer’s day. A Fly came up and kept buzzing
about his bald pate, and stinging him from time to time.
The Man aimed a blow at his little enemy, but acks palm
came on his head instead; again the Fly tormented him,
but this time the Man was wiser and said:

‘You will only injure yourself if you take notice of
despicable enemies.’

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The Fox and the Stork

At one time the Fox and the Stork were on visiting
terms and seemed very good friends. So the Fox invited
the Stork to dinner, and for a joke put nothing before her
but some soup in a very shallow dish. This the Fox could
easily lap up, but the Stork could only wet the end of her
long bill in it, and left the meal as hungry as when she
began. ‘I am sorry,’ said the Fox, ‘the soup is not to your
liking.’

‘Pray do not apologise,’ said the Stork. ‘I hope you will
return this visit, and come and dine with me soon.’ So a
day was appointed when the Fox should visit the Stork;
but when they were seated at table all that was for their
dinner was contained in a very long-necked jar with a
narrow mouth, in which the Fox could not insert his
snout, so all he could manage to do was to lick the outside
of the jar.

‘I will not apologise for the dinner,’ said the Stork:
‘One bad turn deserves another.’

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The Fox and the Mask

A Fox had by some means got into the store-room of a
theatre. Suddenly he observed a face glaring down on him
and began to be very frightened; but looking more closely
he found it was only a Mask such as actors use to put over
their face. ‘Ah,’ said the Fox, ‘you look very fine; it is a
pity you have not got any brains.’

Outside show is a poor substitute for inner worth.

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The Jay and the Peacock

A Jay venturing into a yard where Peacocks used to
walk, found there a number of feathers which had fallen
from the Peacocks when they were moulting. He tied
them all to his tail and strutted down towards the
Peacocks. When he came near them they soon discovered
the cheat, and striding up to him pecked at him and
plucked away his borrowed plumes. So the Jay could do
no better than go back to the other Jays, who had watched
his behaviour from a distance; but they were equally
annoyed with him, and told him:

‘It is not only fine feathers that make fine birds.’

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The Frog and the Ox

‘Oh Father,’ said a little Frog to the big one sitting by
the side of a pool, ‘I have seen such a terrible monster! It
was as big as a mountain, with horns on its head, and a
long tail, and it had hoofs divided in two.’

‘Tush, child, tush,’ said the old Frog, ‘that was only
Farmer White’s Ox. It isn’t so big either; he may be a little
bit taller than I, but I could easily make myself quite as
broad; just you see.’ So he blew himself out, and blew
himself out, and blew himself out. ‘Was he as big as that?’
asked he.

‘Oh, much bigger than that,’ said the young Frog.
Again the old one blew himself out, and asked the

young one if the Ox was as big as that.
‘Bigger, father, bigger,’ was the reply.
So the Frog took a deep breath, and blew and blew and

blew, and swelled and swelled and swelled. And then he
said: ‘I’m sure the Ox is not as big asBut at this moment
he burst.

Self-conceit may lead to self-destruction.

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Androcles

A slave named Androcles once escaped from his master
and fled to the forest. As he was wandering about there he
came upon a Lion lying down moaning and groaning. At
first he turned to flee, but finding that the Lion did not
pursue him, he turned back and went up to him. As he
came near, the Lion put out his paw, which was all
swollen and bleeding, and Androcles found that a huge
thorn had got into it, and was causing all the pain. He
pulled out the thorn and bound up the paw of the Lion,
who was soon able to rise and lick the hand of Androcles
like a dog. Then the Lion took Androcles to his cave, and
every day used to bring him meat from which to live. But
shortly afterwards both Androcles and the Lion were
captured, and the slave was sentenced to be thrown to the
Lion, after the latter had been kept without food for
several days. The Emperor and all his Court came to see
the spectacle, and Androcles was led out into the middle
of the arena. Soon the Lion was let loose from his den,
and rushed bounding and roaring towards his victim. But
as soon as he came near to Androcles he recognised his
friend, and fawned upon him, and licked his hands like a

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friendly dog. The Emperor, surprised at this, summoned
Androcles to him, who told him the whole story.
Whereupon the slave was pardoned and freed, and the
Lion let loose to his native forest.

Gratitude is the sign of noble souls.

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The Bat, the Birds, and the Beasts

A great conflict was about to come off between the
Birds and the Beasts. When the two armies were collected
together the Bat hesitated which to join. The Birds that
passed his perch said: ‘Come with us”; but he said: ‘I am a
Beast.’ Later on, some Beasts who were passing
underneath him looked up and said: ‘Come with us”; but
he said: ‘I am a Bird.’ Luckily at the last moment peace
was made, and no battle took place, so the Bat came to the
Birds and wished to join in the rejoicings, but they all
turned against him and he had to fly away. He then went
to the Beasts, but soon had to beat a retreat, or else they
would have torn him to pieces. ‘Ah,’ said the Bat, ‘I see
now,

‘He that is neither one thing nor the other has no
friends.’

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The Hart and the Hunter

The Hart was once drinking from a pool and admiring
the noble figure he made there. ‘Ah,’ said he, ‘where can
you see such noble horns as these, with such antlers! I
wish I had legs more worthy to bear such a noble crown;
it is a pity they are so slim and slight.’ At that moment a
Hunter approached and sent an arrow whistling after him.
Away bounded the Hart, and soon, by the aid of his
nimble legs, was nearly out of sight of the Hunter; but not
noticing where he was going, he passed under some trees
with branches growing low down in which his antlers
were caught, so that the Hunter had time to come up.
‘Alas! alas!’ cried the Hart:

‘We often despise what is most useful to us.’

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The Serpent and the File

A Serpent in the course of its wanderings came into an
armourer’s shop. As he glided over the floor he felt his
skin pricked by a file lying there. In a rage he turned
round upon it and tried to dart his fangs into it; but he
could do no harm to heavy iron and had soon to give over
his wrath.

It is useless attacking the insensible.

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The Man and the Wood

A Man came into a Wood one day with an axe in his
hand, and begged all the Trees to give him a small branch
which he wanted for a particular purpose. The Trees were
good-natured and gave him one of their branches. What
did the Man do but fix it into the axe head, and soon set
to work cutting down tree after tree. Then the Trees saw
how foolish they had been in giving their enemy the
means of destroying themselves.

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The Dog and the Wolf

A gaunt Wolf was almost dead with hunger when he
happened to meet a House-dog who was passing by. ‘Ah,
Cousin,’ said the Dog. ‘I knew how it would be; your
irregular life will soon be the ruin of you. Why do you
not work steadily as I do, and get your food regularly
given to you?’

‘I would have no objection,’ said the Wolf, ‘if I could
only get a place.’

‘I will easily arrange that for you,’ said the Dog; ‘come
with me to my master and you shall share my work.’

So the Wolf and the Dog went towards the town
together. On the way there the Wolf noticed that the hair
on a certain part of the Dog’s neck was very much worn
away, so he asked him how that had come about.

‘Oh, it is nothing,’ said the Dog. ‘That is only the place
where the collar is put on at night to keep me chained up;
it chafes a bit, but one soon gets used to it.’

‘Is that all?’ said the Wolf. ‘Then good-bye to you,
Master Dog.’

Better starve free than be a fat slave.

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The Belly and the Members

One fine day it occurred to the Members of the Body
that they were doing all the work and the Belly was
having all the food. So they held a meeting, and after a
long discussion, decided to strike work till the Belly
consented to take its proper share of the work. So for a
day or two, the Hands refused to take the food, the
Mouth refused to receive it, and the Teeth had no work
to do. But after a day or two the Members began to find
that they themselves were not in a very active condition:
the Hands could hardly move, and the Mouth was all
parched and dry, while the Legs were unable to support
the rest. So thus they found that even the Belly in its dull
quiet way was doing necessary work for the Body, and
that all must work together or the Body will go to pieces.

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The Hart in the Ox-Stall

A Hart hotly pursued by the hounds fled for refuge into
an ox-stall, and buried itself in a truss of hay, leaving
nothing to be seen but the tips of his horns. Soon after the
Hunters came up and asked if any one had seen the Hart.
The stable boys, who had been resting after their dinner,
looked round, but could see nothing, and the Hunters
went away. Shortly afterwards the master came in, and
looking round, saw that something unusual had taken
place. He pointed to the truss of hay and said: ‘What are
those two curious things sticking out of the hay?’ And
when the stable boys came to look they discovered the
Hart, and soon made an end of him. He thus learnt that
Nothing escapes the master’s eye.

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The Fox and the Grapes

One hot summer’s day a Fox was strolling through an
orchard till he came to a bunch of Grapes just ripening on
a vine which had been trained over a lofty branch. ‘Just
the thing to quench my thirst,’ quoth he. Drawing back a
few paces, he took a run and a jump, and just missed the
bunch. Turning round again with a One, Two, Three, he
jumped up, but with no greater success. Again and again
he tried after the tempting morsel, but at last had to give it
up, and walked away with his nose in the air, saying: ‘I am
sure they are sour.’

It is easy to despise what you cannot get.

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The Horse, Hunter, and Stag

A quarrel had arisen between the Horse and the Stag,
so the Horse came to a Hunter to ask his help to take
revenge on the Stag. The Hunter agreed, but said: ‘If you
desire to conquer the Stag, you must permit me to place
this piece of iron between your jaws, so that I may guide
you with these reins, and allow this saddle to be placed
upon your back so that I may keep steady upon you as we
follow after the enemy.’ The Horse agreed to the
conditions, and the Hunter soon saddled and bridled him.
Then with the aid of the Hunter the Horse soon
overcame the Stag, and said to the Hunter: ‘Now, get off,
and remove those things from my mouth and back.’

‘Not so fast, friend,’ said the Hunter. ‘I have now got
you under bit and spur, and prefer to keep you as you are
at present.’

If you allow men to use you for your own purposes,
they will use you for theirs.

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The Peacock and Juno

A Peacock once placed a petition before Juno desiring
to have the voice of a nightingale in addition to his other
attractions; but Juno refused his request. When he
persisted, and pointed out that he was her favourite bird,
she said:

‘Be content with your lot; one cannot be first in
everything.’

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The Fox and the Lion

When first the Fox saw the Lion he was terribly
frightened, and ran away and hid himself in the wood.
Next time however he came near the King of Beasts he
stopped at a safe distance and watched him pass by. The
third time they came near one another the Fox went
straight up to the Lion and passed the time of day with
him, asking him how his family were, and when he should
have the pleasure of seeing him again; then turning his tail,
he parted from the Lion without much ceremony.

Familiarity breeds contempt.

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The Lion and the Statue

A Man and a Lion were discussing the relative strength
of men and lions in general. The Man contended that he
and his fellows were stronger than lions by reason of their
greater intelligence. ‘Come now with me,’ he cried, ‘and I
will soon prove that I am right.’ So he took him into the
public gardens and showed him a statue of Hercules
overcoming the Lion and tearing his mouth in two.

‘That is all very well,’ said the Lion, ‘but proves
nothing, for it was a man who made the statue.’

We can easily represent things as we wish them to be.

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The Ant and the Grasshopper

In a field one summer’s day a Grasshopper was hopping
about, chirping and singing to its heart’s content. An Ant
passed by, bearing along with great toil an ear of corn he
was taking to the nest.

‘Why not come and chat with me,’ said the
Grasshopper, ‘instead of toiling and moiling in that way?’

‘I am helping to lay up food for the winter,’ said the
Ant, ‘and recommend you to do the same.’

‘Why bother about winter?’ said the Grasshopper; we
have got plenty of food at present.’ But the Ant went on
its way and continued its toil. When the winter came the
Grasshopper had no food and found itself dying of hunger,
while it saw the ants distributing every day corn and grain
from the stores they had collected in the summer. Then
the Grasshopper knew:

It is best to prepare for the days of necessity.

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The Tree and the Reed

‘Well, little one,’ said a Tree to a Reed that was
growing at its foot, ‘why do you not plant your feet
deeply in the ground, and raise your head boldly in the air
as I do?’

‘I am contented with my lot,’ said the Reed. ‘I may not
be so grand, but I think I am safer.’

‘Safe!’ sneered the Tree. ‘Who shall pluck me up by the
roots or bow my head to the ground?’ But it soon had to
repent of its boasting, for a hurricane arose which tore it
up from its roots, and cast it a useless log on the ground,
while the little Reed, bending to the force of the wind,
soon stood upright again when the storm had passed over.

Obscurity often brings safety.

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The Fox and the Cat

A Fox was boasting to a Cat of its clever devices for
escaping its enemies. ‘I have a whole bag of tricks,’ he
said, ‘which contains a hundred ways of escaping my
enemies.’

‘I have only one,’ said the Cat; ‘but I can generally
manage with that.’ Just at that moment they heard the cry
of a pack of hounds coming towards them, and the Cat
immediately scampered up a tree and hid herself in the
boughs. ‘This is my plan,’ said the Cat. ‘What are you
going to do?’ The Fox thought first of one way, then of
another, and while he was debating the hounds came
nearer and nearer, and at last the Fox in his confusion was
caught up by the hounds and soon killed by the huntsmen.
Miss Puss, who had been looking on, said:

‘Better one safe way than a hundred on which you
cannot reckon.’

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The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing

A Wolf found great difficulty in getting at the sheep
owing to the vigilance of the shepherd and his dogs. But
one day it found the skin of a sheep that had been flayed
and thrown aside, so it put it on over its own pelt and
strolled down among the sheep. The Lamb that belonged
to the sheep, whose skin the Wolf was wearing, began to
follow the Wolf in the Sheep’s clothing; so, leading the
Lamb a little apart, he soon made a meal off her, and for
some time he succeeded in deceiving the sheep, and
enjoying hearty meals.

Appearances are deceptive.

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The Dog in the Manger

A Dog looking out for its afternoon nap jumped into
the Manger of an Ox and lay there cosily upon the straw.
But soon the Ox, returning from its afternoon work, came
up to the Manger and wanted to eat some of the straw.
The Dog in a rage, being awakened from its slumber,
stood up and barked at the Ox, and whenever it came
near attempted to bite it. At last the Ox had to give up the
hope of getting at the straw, and went away muttering:

‘Ah, people often grudge others what they cannot
enjoy themselves.’

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The Man and the Wooden God

In the old days men used to worship stocks and stones
and idols, and prayed to them to give them luck. It
happened that a Man had often prayed to a wooden idol
he had received from his father, but his luck never seemed
to change. He prayed and he prayed, but still he remained
as unlucky as ever. One day in the greatest rage he went
to the Wooden God, and with one blow swept it down
from its pedestal. The idol broke in two, and what did he
see? An immense number of coins flying all over the place.

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The Fisher

A Fisher once took his bagpipes to the bank of a river,
and played upon them with the hope of making the fish
rise; but never a one put his nose out of the water. So he
cast his net into the river and soon drew it forth filled with
fish. Then he took his bagpipes again, and, as he played,
the fish leapt up in the net. ‘Ah, you dance now when I
play,’ said he.

‘Yes,’ said an old Fish:
‘When you are in a man’s power you must do as he

bids you.’

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The Shepherd’s Boy

There was once a young Shepherd Boy who tended his
sheep at the foot of a mountain near a dark forest. It was
rather lonely for him all day, so he thought upon a plan by
which he could get a little company and some excitement.
He rushed down towards the village calling out ‘Wolf,
Wolf,’ and the villagers came out to meet him, and some
of them stopped with him for a considerable time. This
pleased the boy so much that a few days afterwards he
tried the same trick, and again the villagers came to his
help. But shortly after this a Wolf actually did come out
from the forest, and began to worry the sheep, and the
boy of course cried out ‘Wolf, Wolf,’ still louder than
before. But this time the villagers, who had been fooled
twice before, thought the boy was again deceiving them,
and nobody stirred to come to his help. So the Wolf made
a good meal off the boy’s flock, and when the boy
complained, the wise man of the village said:

‘A liar will not be believed, even when he speaks the
truth.’

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The Young Thief and His Mother

A young Man had been caught in a daring act of theft
and had been condemned to be executed for it. He
expressed his desire to see his Mother, and to speak with
her before he was led to execution, and of course this was
granted. When his Mother came to him he said: ‘I want to
whisper to you,’ and when she brought her ear near him,
he nearly bit it off. All the bystanders were horrified, and
asked him what he could mean by such brutal and
inhuman conduct. ‘It is to punish her,’ he said. ‘When I
was young I began with stealing little things, and brought
them home to Mother. Instead of rebuking and punishing
me, she laughed and said: ‘It will not be noticed.’ It is
because of her that I am here to-day.’

‘He is right, woman,’ said the Priest; ‘the Lord hath
said:

‘Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he
is old he will not depart therefrom.’

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The Man and His Two Wives

In the old days, when men were allowed to have many
wives, a middle-aged Man had one wife that was old and
one that was young; each loved him very much, and
desired to see him like herself. Now the Man’s hair was
turning grey, which the young Wife did not like, as it
made him look too old for her husband. So every night
she used to comb his hair and pick out the white ones.
But the elder Wife saw her husband growing grey with
great pleasure, for she did not like to be mistaken for his
mother. So every morning she used to arrange his hair and
pick out as many of the black ones as she could. The
consequence was the Man soon found himself entirely
bald.

Yield to all and you will soon have nothing to yield.

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The Nurse and the Wolf

‘Be quiet now,’ said an old Nurse to a child sitting on
her lap. ‘If you make that noise again I will throw you to
the Wolf.’

Now it chanced that a Wolf was passing close under
the window as this was said. So he crouched down by the
side of the house and waited. ‘I am in good luck to-day,’
thought he. ‘It is sure to cry soon, and a daintier morsel I
haven’t had for many a long day.’ So he waited, and he
waited, and he waited, till at last the child began to cry,
and the Wolf came forward before the window, and
looked up to the Nurse, wagging his tail. But all the Nurse
did was to shut down the window and call for help, and
the dogs of the house came rushing out. ‘Ah,’ said the
Wolf as he galloped away,

‘Enemies promises were made to be broken.’

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The Tortoise and the Birds

A Tortoise desired to change its place of residence, so
he asked an Eagle to carry him to his new home,
promising her a rich reward for her trouble. The Eagle
agreed and seizing the Tortoise by the shell with her talons
soared aloft. On their way they met a Crow, who said to
the Eagle: ‘Tortoise is good eating.’ ‘The shell is too hard,’
said the Eagle in reply. ‘The rocks will soon crack the
shell,’ was the Crow’s answer; and the Eagle, taking the
hint, let fall the Tortoise on a sharp rock, and the two
birds made a hearty meal of the Tortoise.

Never soar aloft on an enemy’s pinions.

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The Two Crabs

One fine day two Crabs came out from their home to
take a stroll on the sand. ‘Child,’ said the mother, ‘you are
walking very ungracefully. You should accustom yourself,
to walking straight forward without twisting from side to
side.’

‘Pray, mother,’ said the young one, ‘do but set the
example yourself, and I will follow you.’

Example is the best precept.

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The Ass in the Lion’s Skin

An Ass once found a Lion’s skin which the hunters had
left out in the sun to dry. He put it on and went towards
his native village. All fled at his approach, both men and
animals, and he was a proud Ass that day. In his delight he
lifted up his voice and brayed, but then every one knew
him, and his owner came up and gave him a sound
cudgelling for the fright he had caused. And shortly
afterwards a Fox came up to him and said: ‘Ah, I knew
you by your voice.’

Fine clothes may disguise, but silly words will disclose a
fool.

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The Two Fellows and the Bear

Two Fellows were travelling together through a wood,
when a Bear rushed out upon them. One of the travellers
happened to be in front, and he seized hold of the branch
of a tree, and hid himself among the leaves. The other,
seeing no help for it, threw himself flat down upon the
ground, with his face in the dust. The Bear, coming up to
him, put his muzzle close to his ear, and sniffed and
sniffed. But at last with a growl he shook his head and
slouched off, for bears will not touch dead meat. Then the
fellow in the tree came down to his comrade, and,
laughing, said ‘What was it that Master Bruin whispered to
you?’

‘He told me,’ said the other,
‘Never trust a friend who deserts you at a pinch.’

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The Two Pots

Two Pots had been left on the bank of a river, one of
brass, and one of earthenware. When the tide rose they
both floated off down the stream. Now the earthenware
pot tried its best to keep aloof from the brass one, which
cried out: ‘Fear nothing, friend, I will not strike you.’

‘But I may come in contact with you,’ said the other,
‘if I come too close; and whether I hit you, or you hit me,
I shall suffer for it.’

The strong and the weak cannot keep company.

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The Four Oxen and the Lion

A Lion used to prowl about a field in which Four
Oxen used to dwell. Many a time he tried to attack them;
but whenever he came near they turned their tails to one
another, so that whichever way he approached them he
was met by the horns of one of them. At last, however,
they fell a-quarrelling among themselves, and each went
off to pasture alone in a separate corner of the field. Then
the Lion attacked them one by one and soon made an end
of all four.

United we stand, divided we fall.

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The Fisher and the Little Fish

It happened that a Fisher, after fishing all day, caught
only a little fish. ‘Pray, let me go, master,’ said the Fish. ‘I
am much too small for your eating just now. If you put
me back into the river I shall soon grow, then you can
make a fine meal off me.’

‘Nay, nay, my little Fish,’ said the Fisher, ‘I have you
now. I may not catch you hereafter.’

A little thing in hand is worth more than a great thing
in prospect.

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Avaricious and Envious

Two neighbours came before Jupiter and prayed him to
grant their hearts’ desire. Now the one was full of avarice,
and the other eaten up with envy. So to punish them
both, Jupiter granted that each might have whatever he
wished for himself, but only on condition that his
neighbour had twice as much. The Avaricious man prayed
to have a room full of gold. No sooner said than done; but
all his joy was turned to grief when he found that his
neighbour had two rooms full of the precious metal. Then
came the turn of the Envious man, who could not bear to
think that his neighbour had any joy at all. So he prayed
that he might have one of his own eyes put out, by which
means his companion would become totally blind.

Vices are their own punishment.

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The Crow and the Pitcher

A Crow, half-dead with thirst, came upon a Pitcher
which had once been full of water; but when the Crow
put its beak into the mouth of the Pitcher he found that
only very little water was left in it, and that he could not
reach far enough down to get at it. He tried, and he tried,
but at last had to give up in despair. Then a thought came
to him, and he took a pebble and dropped it into the
Pitcher. Then he took another pebble and dropped it into
the Pitcher. Then he took another pebble and dropped
that into the Pitcher. Then he took another pebble and
dropped that into the Pitcher. Then he took another
pebble and dropped that into the Pitcher. Then he took
another pebble and dropped that into the Pitcher. At last,
at last, he saw the water mount up near him, and after
casting in a few more pebbles he was able to quench his
thirst and save his life.

Little by little does the trick.

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The Man and the Satyr

A Man had lost his way in a wood one bitter winter’s
night. As he was roaming about, a Satyr came up to him,
and finding that he had lost his way, promised to give him
a lodging for the night, and guide him out of the forest in
the morning. As he went along to the Satyr’s cell, the Man
raised both his hands to his mouth and kept on blowing at
them. ‘What do you do that for?’ said the Satyr.

‘My hands are numb with the cold,’ said the Man, ‘and
my breath warms them.’

After this they arrived at the Satyr’s home, and soon the
Satyr put a smoking dish of porridge before him. But
when the Man raised his spoon to his mouth he began
blowing upon it. ‘And what do you do that for?’ said the
Satyr.

‘The porridge is too hot, and my breath will cool it.’
‘Out you go,’ said the Satyr. ‘I will have nought to do

with a man who can blow hot and cold with the same
breath.’

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The Goose With the Golden Eggs

One day a countryman going to the nest of his Goose
found there an egg all yellow and glittering. When he
took it up it was as heavy as lead and he was going to
throw it away, because he thought a trick had been played
upon him. But he took it home on second thoughts, and
soon found to his delight that it was an egg of pure gold.
Every morning the same thing occurred, and he soon
became rich by selling his eggs. As he grew rich he grew
greedy; and thinking to get at once all the gold the Goose
could give, he killed it and opened it only to find nothing.

Greed oft o’er reaches itself.

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The Labourer and the Nightingale

A Labourer lay listening to a Nightingale’s song
throughout the summer night. So pleased was he with it
that the next night he set a trap for it and captured it.
‘Now that I have caught thee,’ he cried, ‘thou shalt always
sing to me.’

‘We Nightingales never sing in a cage.’ said the bird.
‘Then I’ll eat thee.’ said the Labourer. ‘I have always

heard say that a nightingale on toast is dainty morsel.’
‘Nay, kill me not,’ said the Nightingale; ‘but let me

free, and I’ll tell thee three things far better worth than my
poor body.’ The Labourer let him loose, and he flew up to
a branch of a tree and said: ‘Never believe a captive’s
promise; that’s one thing. Then again: Keep what you
have. And third piece of advice is: Sorrow not over what
is lost forever.’ Then the song-bird flew away.

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The Fox, the Cock, and the Dog

One moonlight night a Fox was prowling about a
farmer’s hen-coop, and saw a Cock roosting high up
beyond his reach. ‘Good news, good news!’ he cried.

‘Why, what is that?’ said the Cock.
‘King Lion has declared a universal truce. No beast may

hurt a bird henceforth, but all shall dwell together in
brotherly friendship.’

‘Why, that is good news,’ said the Cock; ‘and there I
see some one coming, with whom we can share the good
tidings.’ And so saying he craned his neck forward and
looked afar off.

‘What is it you see?’ said the Fox.
‘It is only my master’s Dog that is coming towards us.

What, going so soon?’ he continued, as the Fox began to
turn away as soon as he had heard the news. ‘Will you not
stop and congratulate the Dog on the reign of universal
peace?’

‘I would gladly do so,’ said the Fox, ‘but I fear he may
not have heard of King Lion’s decree.’

Cunning often outwits itself.

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The Wind and the Sun

The Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the
stronger. Suddenly they saw a traveller coming down the
road, and the Sun said: ‘I see a way to decide our dispute.
Whichever of us can cause that traveller to take off his
cloak shall be regarded as the stronger. You begin.’ So the
Sun retired behind a cloud, and the Wind began to blow
as hard as it could upon the traveller. But the harder he
blew the more closely did the traveller wrap his cloak
round him, till at last the Wind had to give up in despair.
Then the Sun came out and shone in all his glory upon
the traveller, who soon found it too hot to walk with his
cloak on.

Kindness effects more than severity.

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Hercules and the Waggoner

A Waggoner was once driving a heavy load along a
very muddy way. At last he came to a part of the road
where the wheels sank half-way into the mire, and the
more the horses pulled, the deeper sank the wheels. So the
Waggoner threw down his whip, and knelt down and
prayed to Hercules the Strong. ‘O Hercules, help me in
this my hour of distress,’ quoth he. But Hercules appeared
to him, and said:

‘Tut, man, don’t sprawl there. Get up and put your
shoulder to the wheel.’

The gods help them that help themselves.

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The Man, the Boy, and the
Donkey

A Man and his son were once going with their Donkey
to market. As they were walking along by its side a
countryman passed them and said: ‘You fools, what is a
Donkey for but to ride upon?’

So the Man put the Boy on the Donkey and they went
on their way. But soon they passed a group of men, one of
whom said: ‘See that lazy youngster, he lets his father walk
while he rides.’

So the Man ordered his Boy to get off, and got on
himself. But they hadn’t gone far when they passed two
women, one of whom said to the other: ‘Shame on that
lazy lout to let his poor little son trudge along.’

Well, the Man didn’t know what to do, but at last he
took his Boy up before him on the Donkey. By this time
they had come to the town, and the passers-by began to
jeer and point at them. The Man stopped and asked what
they were scoffing at. The men said: ‘Aren’t you ashamed
of yourself for overloading that poor donkey of yoursu and
your hulking son?’

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The Man and Boy got off and tried to think what to
do. They thought and they thought, till at last they cut
down a pole, tied the donkey’s feet to it, and raised the
pole and the donkey to their shoulders. They went along
amid the laughter of all who met them till they came to
Market Bridge, when the Donkey, getting one of his feet
loose, kicked out and caused the Boy to drop his end of
the pole. In the struggle the Donkey fell over the bridge,
and his fore-feet being tied together he was drowned.

‘That will teach you,’ said an old man who had
followed them:

‘Please all, and you will please none.’

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The Miser and His Gold

Once upon a time there was a Miser who used to hide
his gold at the foot of a tree in his garden; but every week
he used to go and dig it up and gloat over his gains. A
robber, who had noticed this, went and dug up the gold
and decamped with it. When the Miser next came to gloat
over his treasures, he found nothing but the empty hole.
He tore his hair, and raised such an outcry that all the
neighbours came around him, and he told them how he
used to come and visit his gold. ‘Did you ever take any of
it out?’ asked one of them.

‘Nay,’ said he, ‘I only came to look at it.’
‘Then come again and look at the hole,’ said a

neighbour; ‘it will do you just as much good.’
Wealth unused might as well not exist.

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The Fox and the Mosquitoes

A Fox after crossing a river got its tail entangled in a
bush, and could not move. A number of Mosquitoes
seeing its plight settled upon it and enjoyed a good meal
undisturbed by its tail. A hedgehog strolling by took pity
upon the Fox and went up to him: ‘You are in a bad way,
neighbour,’ said the hedgehog; ‘shall I relieve you by
driving off those Mosquitoes who are sucking your
blood?’

‘Thank you, Master Hedgehog,’ said the Fox, ‘but I
would rather not.’

‘Why, how is that?’ asked the hedgehog.
‘Well, you see,’ was the answer, ‘these Mosquitoes

have had their fill; if you drive these away, others will
come with fresh appetite and bleed me to death.’

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The Fox Without a Tail

It happened that a Fox caught its tail in a trap, and in
struggling to release himself lost all of it but the stump. At
first he was ashamed to show himself among his fellow
foxes. But at last he determined to put a bolder face upon
his misfortune, and summoned all the foxes to a general
meeting to consider a proposal which he had to place
before them. When they had assembled together the Fox
proposed that they should all do away with their tails. He
pointed out how inconvenient a tail was when they were
pursued by their enemies, the dogs; how much it was in
the way when they desired to sit down and hold a friendly
conversation with one another. He failed to see any
advantage in carrying about such a useless encumbrance.
‘That is all very well,’ said one of the older foxes; ‘but I do
not think you would have recommended us to dispense
with our chief ornament if you had not happened to lose
it yourself.’

Distrust interested advice.

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The One-Eyed Doe

A Doe had had the misfortune to lose one of her eyes,
and could not see any one approaching her on that side.
So to avoid any danger she always used to feed on a high
cliff near the sea, with her sound eye looking towards the
land. By this means she could see whenever the hunters
approached her on land, and often escaped by this means.
But the hunters found out that she was blind of one eye,
and hiring a boat rowed under the cliff where she used to
feed and shot her from the sea. ‘Ah,’ cried she with her
dying voice,

‘You cannot escape your fate.’

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Belling the Cat

Long ago, the mice had a general council to consider
what measures they could take to outwit their common
enemy, the Cat. Some said this, and some said that; but at
last a young mouse got up and said he had a proposal to
make, which he thought would meet the case. ‘You will
all agree,’ said he, ‘that our chief danger consists in the sly
and treacherous manner in which the enemy approaches
us. Now, if we could receive some signal of her approach,
we could easily escape from her. I venture, therefore, to
propose that a small bell be procured, and attached by a
ribbon round the neck of the Cat. By this means we
should always know when she was about, and could easily
retire while she was in the neighbourhood.’

This proposal met with general applause, until an old
mouse got up and said: ‘That is all very well, but who is to
bell the Cat?’ The mice looked at one another and nobody
spoke. Then the old mouse said:

‘It is easy to propose impossible remedies.’

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The Hare and the Tortoise

The Hare was once boasting of his speed before the
other animals. ‘I have never yet been beaten,’ said he,
‘when I put forth my full speed. I challenge any one here
to race with me.’

The Tortoise said quietly, ‘I accept your challenge.’
‘That is a good joke,’ said the Hare; ‘I could dance

round you all the way.’
‘Keep your boasting till you’ve beaten,’ answered the

Tortoise. ‘Shall we race?’
So a course was fixed and a start was made. The Hare

darted almost out of sight at once, but soon stopped and,
to show his contempt for the Tortoise, lay down to have a
nap. The Tortoise plodded on and plodded on, and when
the Hare awoke from his nap, he saw the Tortoise just
near the winning-post and could not run up in time to
save the race. Then said the Tortoise:

‘Plodding wins the race.’

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The Old Man and Death

An old labourer, bent double with age and toil, was
gathering sticks in a forest. At last he grew so tired and
hopeless that he threw down the bundle of sticks, and
cried out: ‘I cannot bear this life any longer. Ah, I wish
Death would only come and take me!’

As he spoke, Death, a grisly skeleton, appeared and said
to him: ‘What wouldst thou, Mortal? I heard thee call
me.’

‘Please, sir,’ replied the woodcutter, ‘would you kindly
help me to lift this faggot of sticks on to my shoulder?’

We would often be sorry if our wishes were gratified.

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The Hare With Many Friends

A Hare was very popular with the other beasts who all
claimed to be her friends. But one day she heard the
hounds approaching and hoped to escape them by the aid
of her many Friends. So, she went to the horse, and asked
him to carry her away from the hounds on his back. But
he declined, stating that he had important work to do for
his master. ‘He felt sure,’ he said, ‘that all her other friends
would come to her assistance.’ She then applied to the
bull, and hoped that he would repel the hounds with his
horns. The bull replied: ‘I am very sorry, but I have an
appointment with a lady; but I feel sure that our friend the
goat will do what you want.’ The goat, however, feared
that his back might do her some harm if he took her upon
it. The ram, he felt sure, was the proper friend to apply to.
So she went to the ram and told him the case. The ram
replied: ‘Another time, my dear friend. I do not like to
interfere on the present occasion, as hounds have been
known to eat sheep as well as hares.’ The Hare then
applied, as a last hope, to the calf, who regretted that he
was unable to help her, as he did not like to take the
responsibility upon himself, as so many older persons than

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himself had declined the task. By this time the hounds
were quite near, and the Hare took to her heels and
luckily escaped.

He that has many friends, has no friends.

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The Lion in Love

A Lion once fell in love with a beautiful maiden and
proposed marriage to her parents. The old people did not
know what to say. They did not like to give their
daughter to the Lion, yet they did not wish to enrage the
King of Beasts. At last the father said: ‘We feel highly
honoured by your Majesty’s proposal, but you see our
daughter is a tender young thing, and we fear that in the
vehemence of your affection you might possibly do her
some injury. Might I venture to suggest that your Majesty
should have your claws removed, and your teeth
extracted, then we would gladly consider your proposal
again.’ The Lion was so much in love that he had his
claws trimmed and his big teeth taken out. But when he
came again to the parents of the young girl they simply
laughed in his face, and bade him do his worst.

Love can tame the wildest.

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The Bundle of Sticks

An old man on the point of death summoned his sons
around him to give them some parting advice. He ordered
his servants to bring in a faggot of sticks, and said to his
eldest son: ‘Break it.’ The son strained and strained, but
with all his efforts was unable to break the Bundle. The
other sons also tried, but none of them was successful.
‘Untie the faggots,’ said the father, ‘and each of you take a
stick.’ When they had done so, he called out to them:
‘Now, break,’ and each stick was easily broken. ‘You see
my meaning,’ said their father.

Union gives strength.

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The Lion, the Fox, and the Beasts

The Lion once gave out that he was sick unto death
and summoned the animals to come and hear his last Will
and Testament. So the Goat came to the Lion’s cave, and
stopped there listening for a long time. Then a Sheep
went in, and before she came out a Calf came up to
receive the last wishes of the Lord of the Beasts. But soon
the Lion seemed to recover, and came to the mouth of his
cave, and saw the Fox, who had been waiting outside for
some time. ‘Why do you not come to pay your respects to
me?’ said the Lion to the Fox.

‘I beg your Majesty’s pardon,’ said the Fox, ‘but I
noticed the track of the animals that have already come to
you; and while I see many hoof-marks going in, I see
none coming out. Till the animals that have entered your
cave come out again I prefer to remain in the open air.’

It is easier to get into the enemy’s toils than out again.

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The Ass’s Brains

The Lion and the Fox went hunting together. The
Lion, on the advice of the Fox, sent a message to the Ass,
proposing to make an alliance between their two families.
The Ass came to the place of meeting, overjoyed at the
prospect of a royal alliance. But when he came there the
Lion simply pounced on the Ass, and said to the Fox:
‘Here is our dinner for to-day. Watch you here while I go
and have a nap. Woe betide you if you touch my prey.’
The Lion went away and the Fox waited; but finding that
his master did not return, ventured to take out the brains
of the Ass and ate them up. When the Lion came back he
soon noticed the absence of the brains, and asked the Fox
in a terrible voice: ‘What have you done with the brains?’

‘Brains, your Majesty! it had none, or it would never
have fallen into your trap.’

Wit has always an answer ready.

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The Eagle and the Arrow

An Eagle was soaring through the air when suddenly it
heard the whizz of an Arrow, and felt itself wounded to
death. Slowly it fluttered down to the earth, with its life-
blood pouring out of it. Looking down upon the Arrow
with which it had been pierced, it found that the shaft of
the Arrow had been feathered with one of its own plumes.
‘Alas!’ it cried, as it died,

‘We often give our enemies the means for our own
destruction.’

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The Milkmaid and Her Pail

Patty the Milkmaid was going to market carrying her
milk in a Pail on her head. As she went along she began
calculating what she would do with the money she would
get for the milk. ‘I’ll buy some fowls from Farmer Brown,’
said she, ‘and they will lay eggs each morning, which I
will sell to the parson’s wife. With the money that I get
from the sale of these eggs I’ll buy myself a new dimity
frock and a chip hat; and when I go to market, won’t all
the young men come up and speak to me! Polly Shaw will
be that jealous; but I don’t care. I shall just look at her and
toss my head like this. As she spoke she tossed her head
back, the Pail fell off it, and all the milk was spilt. So she
had to go home and tell her mother what had occurred.

‘Ah, my child,’ said the mother,
‘Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.’

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The Cat-Maiden

The gods were once disputing whether it was possible
for a living being to change its nature. Jupiter said ‘Yes,’
but Venus said ‘No.’ So, to try the question, Jupiter
turned a Cat into a Maiden, and gave her to a young man
for a wife. The wedding was duly performed and the
young couple sat down to the wedding-feast. ‘See,’ said
Jupiter, to Venus, ‘how becomingly she behaves. Who
could tell that yesterday she was but a Cat? Surely her
nature is changed?’

‘Wait a minute,’ replied Venus, and let loose a mouse
into the room. No sooner did the bride see this than she
jumped up from her seat and tried to pounce upon the
mouse. ‘Ah, you see,’ said Venus,

‘Nature will out.’

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The Horse and the Ass

A Horse and an Ass were travelling together, the Horse
prancing along in its fine trappings, the Ass carrying with
difficulty the heavy weight in its panniers. ‘I wish I were
you,’ sighed the Ass; ‘nothing to do and well fed, and all
that fine harness upon you.’ Next day, however, there was
a great battle, and the Horse was wounded to death in the
final charge of the day. His friend, the Ass, happened to
pass by shortly afterwards and found him on the point of
death. ‘I was wrong,’ said the Ass:

‘Better humble security than gilded danger.’

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The Trumpeter Taken Prisoner

A Trumpeter during a battle ventured too near the
enemy and was captured by them. They were about to
proceed to put him to death when he begged them to
hear his plea for mercy. ‘I do not fight,’ said he, ‘and
indeed carry no weapon; I only blow this trumpet, and
surely that cannot harm you; then why should you kill
me?’

‘You may not fight yourself,’ said the others, ‘but you
encourage and guide your men to the fight.’

Words may be deeds.

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The Buffoon and the Countryman

At a country fair there was a Buffoon who made all the
people laugh by imitating the cries of various animals. He
finished off by squeaking so like a pig that the spectators
thought that he had a porker concealed about him. But a
Countryman who stood by said: ‘Call that a pig s squeak!
Nothing like it. You give me till tomorrow and I will
show you what it’s like.’ The audience laughed, but next
day, sure enough, the Countryman appeared on the stage,
and putting his head down squealed so hideously that the
spectators hissed and threw stones at him to make him
stop. ‘You fools!’ he cried, ‘see what you have been
hissing,’ and held up a little pig whose ear he had been
pinching to make him utter the squeals.

Men often applaud an imitation and hiss the real thing.

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The Old Woman and the Wine-
Jar

You must know that sometimes old women like a glass
of wine. One of this sort once found a Wine-jar lying in
the road, and eagerly went up to it hoping to find it full.
But when she took it up she found that all the wine had
been drunk out of it. Still she took a long sniff at the
mouth of the Jar. ‘Ah,’ she cried,

‘What memories cling ‘round the instruments of our
pleasure.’

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The Fox and the Goat

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By an unlucky chance a
Fox fell into a deep well
from which he could not
get out. A Goat passed

by shortly afterwards, and
asked the Fox what he
was doing down there.

‘Oh, have you not
heard?’ said the Fox;
‘there is going to be a

great drought, so I
jumped down here in

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order to be sure to have
water by me. Why don’t
you come down too?’

The Goat thought well of
this advice, and jumped
down into the well. But

the Fox immediately
jumped on her back, and
by putting his foot on her
long horns managed to
jump up to the edge of
the well. ‘Good-bye,

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friend,’ said the Fox,
‘remember next time,

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‘Never trust the advice
of a man in difficulties.’

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