WC Check Proto Earth and Marine Sediments Questions

  • Create a document with your answers to the following questions:

  • How many stages of atmospheric development did proto-Earth go through? Describe each stage and explain all the processes that led to the development of each “atmosphere”.
  • Why are marine sediments important? How does the analysis of marine sediments provide information about the climate of the ancient Earth?Be sure the in-text citations and reference list are formatted either APA or MLA
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    Proto-Earth

    2022FA-OCEA-112-2162 – Introduction to Oceanography
    Proto-Earth
    The early version of our planet was quite different than
    the planet we live on today. The image below highlights
    some of the key differences between Proto-Earth and
    modern day Earth:
    Larger than Earth today
    ➤ Homogeneous composition
    Bombarded by meteorites
    • Moon formed from collision
    with large asteroid.
    It is theorized that Proto-Earth was much, much larger
    than our present day planet. There were no oceans or life
    of any kind. Additionally, Proto-Earth was believed to be
    homogeneous, meaning that from its outermost layer
    down to its center, it was made of material that was
    evenly mixed. Another way to describe it is by having a
    “uniform composition throughout,” as stated by your
    textbook. So, how did it start to become the planet we
    know today that contains layers that differ in
    composition? Well, density played a major role in the
    transition.
    What is density? Watch the video below for an
    explanation.
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    Proto-Earth
    (
    2022FA-OCEA-112-2162 – Introduction to Oceanography
    Over time, as the Proto-Earth began to compress and
    condense. The denser material sank to the center of the
    planet and the lighter material rose to the surface,
    eventually separating and forming internal layers within
    the planet that were no longer homogeneous.
    The Sun
    During the early stages of proto-planet formation, the
    sun also condensed into a solar body that was so large
    the pressure at the center of its mass was high enough to
    initiate the process of thermonuclear fusion.
    Thermonuclear fusion is when temperatures are so hot,
    hydrogen atoms combine together to form helium and
    release a ton of energy in the process. This caused the
    sun to release light and ionized particles. The movement
    of these ionized particles is what created solar wind.
    Solar wind blew away any excess nebular gases,
    essentially stripping all the proto-planets of their first
    developed atmosphere.
    Eventually, as the sun provided energy through
    thermonuclear fusion and the proto-planets started
    producing forms of radioactivity at their core, providing a
    second source of energy, the rotating system and mature
    planets eventually developed into the solar system that
    we know today.
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    Neptune
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    Importance of Marine Sediments
    2022FA-OCEA-112-2162 – Introduction to Oceanography
    Marine sediments are, in their simplest form, dirt in the
    ocean. So, why do we care so much about ocean dirt?
    Marine sediments contain a host of information that can
    tell us a lot about the current and past conditions of that
    particular environment, including information about the
    the water and atmospheric conditions. By collecting
    sediment cores, as pictured in the images below, we can
    extract material and perform experiments which will
    provide us information about:
    • temperature of the environment
    ocean chemistry, oxygen and carbon dioxide gas
    levels in the atmosphere
    • distribution of marine organisms and abundance of
    marine life
    • nutrient supply
    • atmospheric wind behaviors
    ⚫ oceanic current patterns
    • if there volcanic eruptions
    • major extinction events
    • any changes in the overall climate
    • movement of tectonic plates
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    Importance of Marine Sediments
    2022FA-OCEA-112-2162 – Introduction to Oceanography
    Resources within Marine Sediments:
    A host of natural resources can be found and collected
    from marine sediments. However, many of these
    resources are not easy or cheap to access and the
    collection process is often extremely damaging to the
    environment.
    Here is a summarized list of various resources that are
    currently harvest/retrieved from within marine
    sediments:
    • Petroleum
    • Methane Hydrates (natural gas)
    • Sand and gravel
    • Manganese Modules
    • Phosphorite (fertilizer)
    • Rare Earth metals
    .
    Evaporative salts
    What to do next:
    • This module will not directly cover how marine
    sediments are collected, but this is information you
    will be expected to know.
    • Please read pages 105-108 to explore the different
    ways marine sediments are collected and for more.
    information on the field of paleoceanography.
    Contant adanted from. “Focentials of Cananacranbull by Alan D Tilla Harold V
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    Four Major Groups of Marine Sediments
    2022FA-OCEA-112-2162 – Introduction to Oceanography
    Learning Objectives:
    • State the 4 types of marine sediments and
    describe:
    。 What is found in each
    。 Where/How do they form
    。 Where in the oceans are they found
    Types of Marine Sediments
    There are four major types, or groups, of marine
    sediments. They are classified by origin, composition and
    distribution and are listed below:
    1. Hydrogenous: “derived from water”
    2. Cosmogenous: “derived from outer space”
    3. Lithogenous: “derived from land”
    4. Biogenous: “derived from organisms”
    Each of these four sediments and their composition,
    origin and distribution are summarized in Table 4.1
    Classification of Marine Sediments on page 106 in your
    textbook. We will be exploring each of these types of
    sediments in the following module pages.
    Content adapted from: “Essentials of Oceanography” by Alan P. Trujillo, Harold V.
    Thurman is licensed under CC BY 4.0
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