Walden University Nutritional Medicine Discussion

Nutritional Medicine (First Edition) (Alan Gaby MD) (z-lib.org).pdf

IW-603 – Midterm Exam – Attempt 8

Question1Marks: 1

Approximately what percentage of the population suffers from undetected food allergies?

Choose one answer.

a. 60%b. 70%c. 40%d. 50%

Question2Marks: 1

Gallstones are among the most common gastrointestinal disorders in Western populations. What dietary factors are at play in the formation of gallstones? (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Refined sugarsb. Caffeinec. Vegetarian dietd. Food allergye. Dietary fiberf. Obesity and weight lossg. Dietary cholesterol and fatty acids

Question3Marks: 1

Vasculitis is a general term that denotes inflammation of blood vessels. Although the exact cause is unknown possible causes include: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Food allergyb. Petroleum productsc. Food additivesd. Environmental chemicalse. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Question4Marks: 1

Approximately how many different chemicals are added intentionally to food?

Choose one answer.

a. 1,800b. 2,400c. 3,000d. 2,700

Question5Marks: 1

One of the most common causes of a wide range of symptoms and conditions is:

Choose one answer.

a. Hidden environmental allergyb. Hyperthyroidismc. Hidden food allergyd. Hypothyroidism

Question6Marks: 1

Dr. Justin Marchegiani recommends non-starchy carbohydrates for a person who has insulin resistance or diabetes, and a diet:

Choose one answer.

a. low-moderate in fats and low-moderate in proteinsb. very high in fats and low-moderate in proteinsc. low-moderate in fats and very high in proteinsd. very high in fats and low in proteins

Question7Marks: 1

During the last half of the 20th century, there has been an increase in the use of vegetable oils in exchange for dairy fat. At the same time, the consumption of fish and marine-based omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has decreased. Since many vegetable oils have a high content of omega-6 PUFAs, the sum effect of these changes is a considerably higher ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in food globally, so that the presumed ‘ideal’ ratio of 1:1 is now:

Choose one answer.

a. 15-20:1b. 5:1c. 10-15:1d. 2:1

Question8Marks: 1

Inflammation in the gut occurs as a result of the overgrowth of flora which have become pathogenic. In the case of shigella overgrowth and Hashimoto’s disease, John Bagnulo MPH, PhD recommends a diet almost devoid of:

Choose one answer.

a. fishb. eggsc. wheatd. red meat and dairy

Question9Marks: 1

According to the most complete allostatic model of physiological response to a current stressor, “wear and tear” due to sustained, repeated, or extreme allostatic accommodation is the means by which one travels from physiological wealth to physiological bankruptcy. Within this conception allostatic load is reversible, up to a point, through all of the following except:

Choose one answer.

a. sleepingb. more exercisec. time pressured. better diet

Question10Marks: 1

Individuals with Crohn’s disease often suffer from multiple nutritional deficiencies. Which of the following supplements have been shown to aid individuals with this disease? (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Magnesiumb. Vitamin Cc. Vitamin Ad. Glutaminee. B vitaminsf. Zincg. Vitamin D

Question11Marks: 1

What are some symptoms of hypothyroidism? (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Intolerance to the heatb. Diarrheac. Fatigued. Weight gaine. Weakness

Question12Marks: 1

Psychological stress, sleep deprivation or a rich diet that is increasing the levels of glucocorticoids have the same consequences in terms of allostatic load, namely:

Choose one answer.

a. epilepsyb. low blood pressurec. decreased risk for cardiovascular diseased. increased risk for cardiovascular disease

Question13Marks: 1

Nutritional Medicine promises all of the following except:

Choose one answer.

a. food addictions will be overcome in 24 hoursb. fewer drugs and less surgeryc. safetyd. advantages of self-care (empowerment, enhanced motivation)

Question14Marks: 1

Which of the following frequently play a role in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic health conditions: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Hyperthyroidismb. Candidac. Fibromyalgiad. Lupuse. Allergyf. Hypoglycemiag. Hypothyroidism

Question15Marks: 1

Which law states that energy can never be created or destroyed; it can only change form?

Choose one answer.

a. the law of vibrationb. the law of conservation of energyc. the law of energyd. the law of cause and effect

Question16Marks: 1

Hidden food allergies are differentiated from typical food allergies because: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. They produce hypersensitivity reactionsb. They are difficult to identifyc. They may not occur every time the food is eatend. They occur with regularitye. They are often delayed for hours or even days

Question17Marks: 1

How are hidden food allergies most commonly found?

Choose one answer.

a. Allergy skin testb. Allergy needle testc. Food elimination and challenged. Blood test

Question18Marks: 1

In order to discover hidden food allergies, Dr. Alan Gaby recommends removing refined sugar from your diet and:

Choose one answer.

a. following a medically-supervised elimination dietb. adding coenzyme Q10 to your dietc. taking vitamin supplementsd. increasing your intake of wheat and dairy products

Question19Marks: 1

The argument can be made that certain aspects of modern society present situations that never existed historically in an evolutionary sense. As a result, certain biological systems are not equipped to handle these situations and severe adverse health effects often occur such as drug addiction, depression and obesity. Which biological systems are these?

Choose one answer.

a. allostatic systemsb. circulatory systemsc. hematopoietic systemsd. homeostatic systems

Question20Marks: 1

Fardet analysed the components of whole grains that have a low glycaemic index and concluded that these foods are rich in various bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. These bioactive compounds are: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. polyphenolsb. ligninc. falcarindiold. peptidese. phytic acid

Question21Marks: 1

Iodine is a component of thyroid hormones. At higher concentrations than those normally found in the body it has broad-spectrum and potent antimicrobial activity. Iodine supplementation may do the following: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Increase intelligenceb. Improve eyesightc. Improve tasted. Improve sexual functione. Improve hearingf. Correct hypothyroidism

Question22Marks: 1

Intestinal yeast can produce 178 different yeast toxins which can be absorbed into the bloodstream and create head to toe reactions in the body. How are these yeast toxins absorbed into the bloodstream?

Choose one answer.

a. through infectionsb. through dermal absorptionc. through a leaky gutd. via airways within the body

Question23Marks: 1

Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes, dry mouth, and lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands. The joints and many other tissues and organs may also be affected by the disease. Nutritional supplements to aid those suffering from Sjogren’s syndrome include but are not limited to: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Vitamin Cb. Zincc. Vitamin B12d. Vitamin De. Fatty acidsf. Magnesium

Question24Marks: 1

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints. Nutritional supplements to aid those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis include but are not limited to: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Vitamin Eb. Copperc. Molybdenumd. Silvere. Zincf. Fish oilg. Vitamin B17h. Black currant seed oili. Vitamin C

Question25Marks: 1

Likely an autoimmune disease, dermatomyositis is an inflammatory myopathy that is accompanied by characteristic skin lesions. Potential interventions include: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Creatineb. DHEAc. Magnesiumd. GABAe. Zincf. PABA

Question26Marks: 1

Degradation of heme and appropriate adaptive metabolism of released iron are important featuresthat decrease tissue dysfunction/damage and enhance survival for those suffering from: (Select all thatapply)Choose at least one answer.

a. encephalitisb. polymicrobial sepsisc. pneumoniad. malariae. gastroenteritis

Question27Marks: 1

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease. It is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage which can result in pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion. Potential interventions include: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Adhering to a gluten free dietb. Identification and removal of food allergyc. Weight loss and exercised. Avoidance of fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol

Question28Marks: 1

Zinc reacts with both pharmaceuticals and various supplements. Some of these include but are not limited to: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Ironb. Calciumc. ACE inhibitorsd. Vitamin Ce. Magnesiumf. Aspiring. Vitamin Eh. Vitamin D

Question29Marks: 1

Which type of fatty acids trigger proinflammatory signaling pathways?

Choose one answer.

a. polyunsaturated omega-6b. monounsaturatedc. polyunsaturated omega-3d. saturated

Question30Marks: 1

Zinc is a cofactor for numerous metalloenzymes and is involved in many biochemical pathways including DNA and protein synthesis. Zinc is essential for growth and plays a role in the following: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Urinary system functionb. Hearingc. Olfactory functiond. Visual functione. Wound healingf. Immune function

Question31Marks: 1

Dietary recommendations basic principles include (excluding special diets): (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Animal foods including meats, eggs, and dairyb. Whole grains, nuts, seeds, and legumesc. Certain convenience foodsd. Alcohol productse. Fruits and vegetables

Question32Marks: 1

Constipation is characterized by infrequent bowel movements. What is the frequency at which this is classified?

Choose one answer.

a. Less than 5 per weekb. Less than 3 per weekc. Less than 4 per weekd. Less than 6 per week

Question33Marks: 1

Iron is essential for what? (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Delivery of oxygen to the tissuesb. Blood cell productionc. Mitochondrial energy productiond. Immune functione. Synthesis of thyroid hormonef. Hypothalamus function

Question34Marks: 1

One of the functions of magnesium is the GTP cofactor which provides the body with all of the following: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. protein biosynthesisb. translocation of proteins through cell membranesc. splits phospholipids at the phosphate groupd. transport of vesiclese. converts ATP to cAMP

Question35Marks: 1

The allostatic load is a measurement of how stress impacts each of us. It is a very useful measurement because it tells us: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. what our health will be like in 10 yearsb. what our health was like in the past 3-5 yearsc. what our health will be like in 3-5 yearsd. what our health was like over the past yeare. what our health is like today

Question36Marks: 1

Chronic gastritis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Causes include: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol intoleranceb. Excessive alcohol consumptionc. Food allergyd. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugse. Celiac disease

Question37Marks: 1

According to Dr. Joel Furhman, atherosclerosis and hypertension are the results of:

Choose one answer.

a. agingb. a lack of exercisec. eating meatd. an unhealthy diet

Question38Marks: 1

Likely an autoimmune disease, Behcet’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by arthritis, genital ulcers, and uveitis resulting in blindness. Potential interventions include: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Ironb. B complex vitaminsc. Folic acidd. Vitamin Ce. Zincf. Fish oilg. Vitamin D

Question39Marks: 1

Hormesis is defined as:

Choose one answer.

a. A non-monotonic dose response with non-specific dose response featuresb. A dose response phenomenon characterized by a high dose stimulation and a low dose inhibitionc. A dose response phenomenon characterized by a low dose stimulation and a high dose inhibitiond. A monotonic dose response with specific dose response features

Question40Marks: 1

This hormone is vital in supporting growth in young children but an excess in adults may fuel cancer growth. Lower rates of this hormone accelerates the ability of the cell to recognize methylation defects, DNA cross-links and carcinogens, therefore, the cell can more actively repair itself and detoxify. Eating a low-calorie diet inhibits its production. What is the name of this hormone?

Choose one answer.

a. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)b. estrogenc. insulind. cortisol

Question41Marks: 1

If a micronutrient test reveals vitamin B complex deficiencies, this indicates: (Select all that apply.)Choose one answer.

a. hay feverb. osteoporosisc. arthritisd. adrenal issues

Question42Marks: 1

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) confirms that the following percentage of the population are deficient in magnesium:

Choose one answer.

a. 75%b. 80%c. 85%d. 70%

Question43Marks: 1

Carolyn Dean, MD, ND, recommends the following daily intake of magnesium and calcium:

Choose one answer.

a. magnesium: 700mg; calcium: 1200-1500mgb. magnesium: 700mg; calcium: 600-700mgc. magnesium: 500mg; calcium: 600-700mgd. magnesium: 350-400mg; calcium: 500-700mg

Question44Marks: 1

Which micronutrient deficiency results in multiple immunological changes since it is crucial for the functioning of virtually all immune cells?

Choose one answer.

a. iodineb. zincc. irond. copper

Question45Marks: 1

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. Dietary factors to help address symptoms include: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Adhering to a gluten free dietb. Attention to cooking methodsc. Paleo dietd. Raw food vegan diete. Keto diet

Question46Marks: 1

Reactive hypoglycemia is a term used to denote an exaggerated fall in blood glucose concentration that results from excessive insulin secretion in response to a meal. What is the primary cause of this?

Choose one answer.

a. Excessive consumption of refined sugar and carbohydratesb. A diet that his regularly high in refined carbohydratesc. Excessive consumption of caffeined. Excessive consumption of alcohol

Question47Marks: 1

Combinations of interventions often have the following effects: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Additiveb. Reductivec. Synergisticd. Antagonistic

Question48Marks: 1

What are some natural laxatives? (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Probioticsb. Cooking oilc. Olive oild. Vitamin Ce. Flaxseed oil/mealf. Magnesium

Question49Marks: 1

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease that can affect multiple tissues and organs. While no specific cause is acknowledged some potential culprits include: (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Environmental pollutantsb. Hydralazine group of compoundsc. Aromatic aminesd. Leade. Benzenes

Question50Marks: 1

What are two key features of using nutritional medicine? (Select all that apply)

Choose at least one answer.

a. Following well established protocolsb. Individualizing treatmentc. Using laboratory tests to evaluate the client’s conditiond. Clinical assessment