Unit 7 Risk Reduction

Unit VII Project 

 

Review your EMS risk reduction program as completed to this point. After reviewing your EMS program, identify three potential pitfalls that you may face. Include each of the following in your assignment: 

 

 Briefly describe three potential pitfalls.  Explain why it is important to identify these potential pitfalls as they relate to your program   Briefly describe a plan for handling each potential pitfall. I have attached some reference material from previous chapters)

 

Your response must be at least 250 words

Running head: RISK REDUCTION
1

RISK REDUCTION
8

Risk Reduction

Paul Grasso

CSU

12/17/2017

Risk Reduction

EMS 4304 | Unit II Project

Health problem: Respiratory problems
Primary Prevention	Secondary Prevention	Tertiary Prevention
Group	There are different ways through which individuals can prevent themselves from respiratory problems. One of the primary prevention is avoiding areas where the risk of pollution is high (Edlin, Golanty, 2015). This means that areas of residence near the factories should be avoided. Individuals should also ensure that they have avoided risk factors like drinking untreated water. The individuals should also complain to the relevant authorities as a result of these effects of respiratory problems.	This stage of prevention ensures that proper diagnosis have been carried out. Individual groups who have been affected by pollution should visit health facilities. This will help to discover which conditions they suffer from. The individuals should also be able to remain alert for any signs of health problems and risks caused by industrialization. People living near industries should make it a personal initiative to take regular diagnosis.	This stage ensures that individuals have been able to look for the relevant health care facilities for treatment services. The affected population should not be silent when they have been diagnosed with respiratory problems. This will allow them to get early treatment to avoid cases of death and incapacitation (Tarlo, Cullinan, Nemery, 2011).
Organization	The organization should also be able carry the necessary primary measures to prevent the health risk of respiratory disorders. The firms involved should take internal measures within the company to avoid toxic pollution. The company should ensure that It has taken the necessary controls to reduce pollution. Primary prevention also includes following rules and regulations related to pollution (Jenkins, 2013).	Secondary prevention for the organization includes setting aside budget to improve its systems. Technologies should be updated to ensure that they pollute the environment less. Part of the secondary prevention is creating awareness to the community on the dangers of some of the activities of the firm. This helps in ensuring that are aware of the dangers of the industry. The company should also protect its employees from pollution through offering the necessary protective gear.	Tertiary prevention by the organization includes helping the affected individuals to obtain health care services. This makes it easier for the people to recover. The company should also provide health care insurance for its employment. Tertiary prevention also includes corporate social responsibility. The company should be actively involved in environment protection and social development.
Community	The community also plays a big role in prevention against the respiratory health risk. The community should take measures to protect and preserve its environment. For example, through tree planting. The community should also vet the actions of industries in the society to ensure that they don’t pose a health risk to the community members.	Secondary prevention by the society involves creation of awareness of the respiratory diseases in the community. This makes the members of the community aware. The awareness also educates the people on different ways through which they can protect themselves (Lundy, Janes, 2009).	Tertiary prevention includes setting the necessary health care facilities which can treat the community members who are affected by pollution. The community should create programs to take care of the bills of treatment of the members who are unable to pay for medical services. The community should also engage the government and forms involved to find a solution to these health risks (McKenzie, Pinger, Seabert, 2017).
Policy	The policy part is also critical. The primary prevention is to create policies which prevent pollution to reduce risks of respiratory problems. The government should also ensure that these policies have been implemented in the right way (Davies, 2014). The government should also set a policy to set facilities to deal with these respiratory disorders.	The secondary prevention includes ensuring that the community and individuals are aware of the existing policies against pollution. The policy should also include part of public campaigns on how to deal with these respiratory diseases. The campaign should also create awareness on how to avoid the risk factors. The government should ensure that policies generally improve the environment.	The tertiary prevention of policy includes ensuring that the policies which have been created are followed and they are effective. The government should also evaluate and update policies as the health risks change. The government should make policies which increase availability of drugs and medical services to treat respiratory disorders.

The cells were not hard to fill. This is because every party which includes the individuals, organization, the community and the government has a role to play to ensure that health risks have been reduced. This is a clear indication that to reduce health risks in the society requires a combined initiative. Every person should play their part well to ensure that health risks have been reduced and to ensure that the health status of people in the society has been improved (Bousquet, Khaltaev, Cruz, 2007). Improved the health status of people in the society ensures that there are economic, social and political growth and development.

References

Bousquet, J., Khaltaev, N. & Cruz, A. (2007). Global surveillance, prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases: a comprehensive approach. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Davies, J. (2014). Comparing Environmental Risks: Tools for Setting Government Priorities. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.

Edlin, G. & Golanty, E. (2015). Health and Wellness. Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.

Jenkins, C. (2013). Building better health: a handbook of behavioral change. Washington, D.C: Pan American Health Organization, Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization.

Lundy, K. & Janes, S. (2009). Community health nursing: caring for the public’s health. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

McKenzie, J., Pinger, R. & Seabert, D. (2017). An introduction to community & public health. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Tarlo, S., Cullinan, P. & Nemery, B. (2011). Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases: Diseases from Work, Home, Outdoor and Other Exposures. Somerset: Wiley.

Running Head:

Unit 3 Project

1

Unit 3 Project
7

Unit 3 Project

Name:

Institution:

Introduction

The case that we are having to survey is about the chances of increasing road accident due to drunk driving. The major missing information is to find out if the drivers who are involved in accidents while drinking is aware of the rules and regulations that govern the roads from the state laws, it is illegal to drive while drunk and this case was not going to be taken lightly. The recent accident that was as a result of drunkenness, the driver was punished severely. It is our duty to find out if these individuals are aware of the rule and the regulation that govern drunk driving and the accidents that they cause. In this article, we will look at the questions that could be possibly used to collected the remaining data through survey method and the individual through who will get the questionnaires. Additionally, we will look at the types of questions whether open ended or close-ended questions and then finally analyze whether the questionnaires will be used to for quantitative or qualitative method.

Choose from the following choices given below to answer question 1-3

Question 1. How old are you?

A) Under eighteen
b) 20-30
C) 30-40
D) 40-50
E) 50 and above

This is closed ended the question and it is majorly aimed at collecting the data that will be used in quantitative data collection. It will help in finding the ages of the drivers surveyed

Question 2. Do you have a valid driving license?

Yes or No

If yes above when did you acquire the driving license

This question is a closed-ended question and the drivers being surveyed will state whether they have a valid driving license or not. They have no option but to state either yes or no. this open-ended question will help in collecting qualitative data

Question 3. How long have you been driving motor vehicles?

A) 5 years and below
B). 5-10 years
C) 10-15 years
D) 15-20yeras
E) 20 years and above

This is a closed-ended questionnaire and it is also used in collecting quantitative data especial about the driver’s experience. Collecting this will help in finding out the drivers who are often involved in accidents.

Question 4. Have you ever been involved in an accident?

A) Yes
B). No

If yes kindly state how many times you have been involved in an accident and whether you were prosecuted or pardoned.

This is also a closed-ended question that will be used in the survey. This question is designed to help in collecting qualitative data,

Question 5. What did you think will be the outcome of driving while drunk?

This is an open-ended question. This question will help in collecting quantitative data and to be more specific collecting the view of the drivers about the drinking while drunk.

Question 6. How often are accidents caused by drivers who are driving while they are drunk?

Extremely often
(

Quite often
(

Moderately often
(

Slightly often
(

Not at all often
(

This is a closed-ended question. It will be used in collecting qualitative data

Question 7. What would you suggest the state laws to do or act towards your behaviour and careless driving?

This is also an open-ended question and it will also be used in collecting the quantitative data. The ideas given by the different drivers will help in coming up with the right actions that can be taken against the offender that broke the rules that are put in place to help in reducing the accident caused by drink driving

Question 8. What do you think are the best means of reducing cases of an accident caused by drunk driving?

This is also an open-ended question and will also be part of collecting qualitative data. The major aim here is to try and reduce the chances of accident caused by the case of drunk driving

Question 9. In a scale of 1-5 rate the extent to which the drivers on the road usually aware of the rules and regulation that are required of them when on the roads

1-Very much aware
(

2. Aware
(

3. Moderately aware
(

4. Slightly aware
(

5. Not aware at all
(

This is a closed-ended question and it will be used for collecting qualitative data

Question 10. Are you ready to compensate for the damages that you cause during an accident?

Yes or No

If yes kindly give explanations

If No kindly give explanations

This is a closed-ended question. It will be used in collecting qualitative data

What missing data the survey is trying to collect?

The survey will be trying to find out if the drivers in the field are usually aware of the rule and the regulations that they are supposed to adhere to while driving. The major focus that the survey is trying to find out about is the case of a driver who drinks while driving and if they are aware of the consequences and the regulations (Presser, Couper, Lessler, Martin, Martin, Rothgeb, & Singer, 2004). It was also trying to see if the drivers are in a position of accepting them and taking care of the damages that they have caused during an accident

What would be the preferred method used to conduct the survey?

Since the major individuals who are targeted are the driver and the drivers are usually on the road the best way of conducting the survey will be through a phone survey. The telephone survey will help in reducing the cost of having several people going from the place and additionally it will reduce the time taken for the survey (Bryman, 2015).  Additionally, I would prefer telephone survey since almost everyone has got a mobile and the privacy will be enhanced when people talk over the phone

Who would be receiving the survey? 

The major focus of our survey will be the drivers who are usually on the road on a daily basis. This survey will be analyzed and given to the individual in the courts to help in making the right decision concerning the case that we have in place.

References

Presser, S., Couper, M. P., Lessler, J. T., Martin, E., Martin, J., Rothgeb, J. M., & Singer, E. (2004). Methods for testing and evaluating survey questions. Public opinion quarterly, 68(1), 109-130.

Bryman, A. (2015). Social research methods. Oxford university press.

Running head: PROGRAM PLAN FOR FIREFIGHTING IN THE COMMUNITY 1

PROGRAM PLAN FOR FIREFIGHTING IN THE COMMUNITY 4

Program plan for firefighting in the community

Paul Grasso

CSU

Program plan for firefighting in the community

The community has had incidences of fire which have literary caused a lot of damage to both property, human life and the environment. Some of the causes of fire include gas leakage, petroleum spills, chemical bursts, irresponsible smoking, gas leakages, and litter burning and charcoal burning. Thus due to the effects that have been suffered, there is need to have a proper plan on fire management and how to reach in case of the emergency.

The goal of the program

This program is aimed at establishing a concise and affordable means through which fire rescue services will be deployed on time and efficiently to ensure that there is the least damage. In addition, the plan will ensure that all the stakeholders are well conversant with safety measures and the policies that will be set forth to be applied when responding to a fire emergency at any time.

The objectives

To teach the community on fire safety measures including all kinds of fire. To prepare the group on being ready for any fire emergency cases. Have the organization fully equip the firefighting group with the necessary and required fire equipment. Set up policies that will be used to ensure that all that entails fire has been put in place and all regulations are adhered to (Tweedy, 2005).

Why the problem exists

Fire cases are paramount; however in case of fire there is little that is salvaged counting form property, life and the environment. This is because the community does not understand ways through which they can stay safe from fire destruction. The group does not have enough tactics to combat different kinds of fire, the organization does not have enough equipment. There are no proper policies that can guide the group, the community and the organization in responding to fire emergencies (Tweedy, 2005). This plan is meant to bridge the gap.

Interventions that can work

The community has to be taught on first aid procedures as well as evacuation procedures. This can be done through drills. The group has to prepare itself technologically, technically and physically fit to respond to fire emergencies. The organization has to support the group in acquisition of fire equipment and community education materials, drafting policies that will guide the organization on fire procedures.

What are we doing?

Coming up with logical models that will be used to guide the group, the organization, and the community how to react to a fire incident. We are also coming up with policies that will be presented in a logical model for all the stakeholders to use at all times (Knowlton & Phillips, 2013).

Logic Model: Group-level domain

This will explain what the group has to do procedurally immediately a fire incident has been reported. This is to ensure that the group does not use different procedures, which reduces speed and effectiveness. This logic is as represented below; the inputs include all the things that we are required to have so that we may be able to start the program effectively. This will include training equipment, firefighting equipment, education materials, trainers, educators and time. The activities will include physical fitness, attending educational training, firefighting training and community awareness.

We expect the firefighters to be physical fit, technologically fit, academically fit and very friendly to the community. This will result in firefighters who are very fast, flexible and dedicated to their work, they will be orderly and effective. The impact is a team that saves life proper and the environment. As indicated below

Logic Model: Organizational-level domain

The responsibility of the organization is to look at the respective causes of fore incidences and how the group has been able to combat it. It should also assess the effects and how the effects would have been controlled if some circumstances prevailed. This, therefore, requires that the organization may give full support to the group, the community, and the plan (United States, 1988). This includes financial support, the provision of materials such as the educational materials, the physical fitness equipment, the trainers, and educators, organize community awareness programs to spread the fire safety training, plan and conduct drills. This is as indicated below:

Logic Model: Community-level domain

The community plays a very important role when it comes to controlling the fire. Without proper knowledge of how to stay safe and be in a position to put off the fire before they cause a lot of harm, then they are to be trained adequately to be on the lookout. The community members are the first people who encounter fire and are the ones who raise the emergency alarm. Hence as a fire department, community education and awareness is core. Hence, they will be taught about fire safety procedures, which include storage of fire extinguishers as well as highly flammable substances like sprays, kerosene, gas cylinders, matchsticks, cigarette sticks, litter burning and bush clearing and charcoal burning (American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2005). This will be conducted by the trainers and educators including taking part in the fire drills as indicated below;

Logic Model: Policy-level domain

This will include policies that will guide the department and the community to report and alert other members of the imminent danger. This will thus enable every stakeholder to act in his or her own capacity to save life, property, and environment. This includes sounding the alarm either the fire bell, calling the ambulance department as well as the fire department (United States, 1988). Breaking all the emergency exits, directing people to the fire assembly area and then using the fire extinguishers to put off the fire or prevent further spreading.

Details indicated in the logic model below:

Conclusion

Through the support and adherence to all the laid down procedures and requirements by each stakeholder, it is my belief that this EMS plan will be a success. The only problem that will largely hamper the program in many instances will be the necessary finances. However, measures have been put in place to seek for funding as much as the organization can through the local administration and the donors.

References

American Institute of Chemical Engineers. (2005). Guidelines for fire protection in chemical, petrochemical, and hydrocarbon processing facilities. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.

Knowlton, L. W., & Phillips, C. C. (2013). The logic model guidebook: Better strategies for great results. Los Angeles: SAGE.

Tweedy, J. (2005). Healthcare hazard control and safety management. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis.

United States. (1988). Oversight of the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act of 1986: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Superfund and Environmental Oversight of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session … May 26, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O.

Inputs

Activities

Outcome

Impact

Outputs

Activities

Fast responsive team

Physically fit team

Physical fitness trainings

Training equipment

More safety to property, life and environment

Technically fit team

Fire fighting skills training

Firefighting equipment

A well organized team

Technologically fit team

Intellectually fit team

Learn the firefighting equipment operations

Educational training

Education materials

Trainers, educators, time allocation

A ready and tactful team

Impact

Outputs

A ready community

More safety to property, life and environment

A ready organization

Medical practitioners

Outcome

More and reliable fire equipment

Well paid and managed firefighters

An educated community

Activities

Organize community awareness

Physical fitness

Fire Equipment

Inputs

Finance

Buy modern fire equipment

Pay trainers and educators

Organize fire drills

Fetch trainers and educators

Outcomes

Output

Impact

Activities

Inputs

More safety to property, life and environment

Skilled Community

Community understands how to evacuate members

Buy extinguishers, resuscitator and

First aid kits

Funds

Recruit and choose members to attend training

Members

Responsive Community

Community understands how to report fire emergence

Community understands first aid procedures

Provide venues for training

Plan training dates

Venues

Time

Property saved

Environment protected

Life saved

Cause of fire established

Injured rushed to the health facilities

Property saved

First aiders help affected victims

Impact

More safety to property, life and environment

Outcome

Output

Cordon off the area

First aid kits

Fire Assembly Zones

Emergency exits

Fire Equipments

Emergency Hotlines

Carry out First aid

Evacuate young old and sick people

Direct people to fire assembly zones

Pick Fire extinguishers

Break fire exits open

Dial hotline numbers

Shout Fire! repeatedly

Firefighters fight the fire

Sound Fire Alarm

Activities

Fire alarms

Inputs

Running head: RISK REDUCTION 1

RISK REDUCTION 4

Risk reduction

Paul Grasso

CSU

Unit 6 Project EMS Risk Reduction

Risk reduction

Complete a cost vs. benefit analysis report for your risk reduction program.

Cost-benefit analysis refers to a technique that is used in the comparison of the total costs that are incurred in a certain project or a program with the benefits, and it uses monetary units as the common metric. The costs that would be incurred in the implementation of a risk-reduction program includes the total cost of the activity including both the direct and the indirect costs as well as the costs of the potential risks that are likely to arise (Pearce, Atkinson, & Mourato, 2006). The cost depends on the approach of the program, and it looks into all the activities which are conducted as part of the systematic analysis and in the planning process including research. Additional expenses regarding money, time and other resources are considered to be more reasonable from the perspective of the willingness of the members of the public to incur expenses because these costs to a great extent aids in the reduction of the level or costs associated with the risks

In the implementation of a risk reduction program, benefits refer to the advantages that the organization is likely to accrue as a result of the implementation. The benefits include all the direct as well as the indirect revenues and the intangible benefits such as increased level of productivity due to factors such as the improvement in morale and safety of the employee’s and also an increase in the level of sales as a result of the customer’s goodwill. Lots of benefits are derived from the use of additional resources to inhibit risks from taking place.

Cost-benefit analysis aids in the calculation of the benefit or the net cost that is associated with a certain program. A lot of care should be taken in the process of cost-benefit analysis to ensure that neither cost nor benefits are underestimated or overestimated. Before the implementation of the risk reduction program, one should compare the aggregate cost and benefits to ensure that the benefits of implementation outweigh the cost. A program is said to be rational if the costs are less than the benefits and in case of this, it can thus be easily put forward. In the case that the costs are greater than the benefits, a review of the project should be done to increase the benefits or decrease the cost so that the program can be made viable (Quah, & Toh, 2012).

References

Pearce, D., Atkinson, G. & Mourato, S. (2006). Cost-benefit analysis and the environment : recent developments. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Quah, E. & Toh, R. (2012). Cost-benefit analysis : cases and materials. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon New York: Routledge.