UM University College Parenting Action Plan Powerpoint

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Parenting Action Plan
Name: Samantha Russell
Institution: UMGC
Course: BEHS 343 6381
Professor Jia Li Liu
Due Date: July 5, 2022
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Parenting Action Plan
Introduction
In recent times, mental health disorders have been a major public health issue. In part,
the environmental stressors and other factors related to genetics make also contribute to the
increased cases of mental illness across the general population. Even though mental illness
occurs across all age group and cut across all social-economic status, compared to the adult
population, adolescents are at higher risk. Partly, due to the changes and brain development,
adolescents are at risk of poor decision-making and irrationality. Besides, the lack of
supportive systems in the form of effective parenting styles also increases the risk of a mental
health complication that results in poor health outcomes. Central to the mental health crisis is
the role of parenting. In essence, a household with functional and warm parenting styles tend
to act as protective factors against stressor and provide a means to cope during the adolescent
phase. Poor parenting style and lack of attachment increase the risk of mental illness within
the teenage population.
Case Study
Client Y is 14 old teenage girl who resides in a middle-class family. The client’s
family resides in a single-family home with both parents and younger siblings. Unlike the
younger siblings, the client struggle with anxiety and eating disorders. In part, the
presentation of the mental illness has negative impacts on the client, who reports poor
academic outcomes and has difficulties interacting with friends and family members.
Statement of the Problem
Teenagers are a special population that is prone to stressors due to the complexity
associated with the adolescent phase. In essence, the psychological development and
development of the brain also alter teenage behaviors and increases the risk of mental illness
if poorly regulated. Colizzi et al. (2020) noted that half of the mental illness cases start at the
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age of 14 years and are later preceded by non-psychological disturbance. In part, the high
level of sensitivity and the growth of the brain increases the vulnerability to mental illness.
Further, Hampshire et al. (2022) mentioned that the occurrence of eating disorders among
teenagers has a correlation with parenting styles. In particular, authoritarian and neglecting
parenting styles have been cited to be major triggers of eating disorders among teenagers.
Thus, to solve teenage mental illness, the focus should be placed on risk factors related to the
parenting style, the social-economic status, and the teenager environment.
Framework for Proposed Action Plan
The attachment theory provides the theoretical basis for developing the action plan.
Based on the premise of the attachment theory, the quality of the relationship between the
toddler and the caregiver has long-term impacts on the child’s development across the life
span. In this regard, children who maintained an attachment figure received a sense of
comfort and security which enabled them to withstand the challenge when transitioning into
the adult phase. In this case, the role of attachment exceeded the role of feeding but also
domain related to safety and security. As per Gander et al. (2015), attachment also plays a
role during the conflict stages of adolescence. Through secure attachment, adolescents have
moral and emotional support systems. Thus, secure quality attachment is crucial in solving
developing tasks, forming identity, and setting goals. Hence, the occurrence of the eating
disorder in the 14-year-old teenage is a manifestation of poor-quality attachment with the
mother during the early stages of development. Besides, the parent, especially the mother,
would also require a further diagnosis to detect any underlying mental health disorders.
Potential Sites of Impact
Based on the premise of the social-ecological model, various factors influence health
behaviors. Some of the mentioned factors include but are not limited to the interpersonal,
intrapersonal, organizational, and community factors. The interaction with the after-
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mentioned factors within a person-environment tends to promote or contribute to poor health
outcomes. In the current context, the potential site of impact to address the client’s mental
health issues includes the relationship factors, community, and societal factors. In this case,
issues of concern that have potential impacts on the patient health include the relationship,
the community, and the societal factors that can be converted into two major sites, namely the
home environment and the social settings.
Home Site
The home environment provides the first point of contact between the child and the
outside world. Underlying the cultural socialization process includes the role of parents as the
main agents of the socialization process. Thus, the quality of the parent-child relationship has
potential impacts on a child’s overall wellbeing. Hampshire et al. (2022) noted that insecure
attachment styles and dysfunctional family systems are correlated with dysfunctional eating
disorders. Besides, the parenting styles that were thought to be controlling also increased the
risk of ED, while over-protection equally compromised teenage health status. In line with
these findings, Latzer et al. (2015) noted that parental style also had the potential to act as a
protective factor and empower teenagers. However, studies have also shown that ED does not
have a correlation with socio-economic status (Huryk et al., 2021). Hence, the family socioeconomic status will be ruled out as the underlying cause for the teenager’s mental health
issues. Thus, based on the existing studies, exploring the parenting styles within the home
environment would be instrumental in identifying the risk factors for eating disorders and the
anxiety reported by the 14 years old client.
Social Site
The social site takes into consideration the school and the cultural factors that govern
norms. In essence, social agents such as school and interaction with peers also have impacts
on human health behaviors. Latzer et al. (2015) noted that exposure to social media messages
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on aspects related to beauty, thinness, happiness, and success all have negative impacts on
adolescent women. Besides, the habits of social comparison within the social context are
equally reinforced by social media tools resulting in the development of low self-esteem and
the inclination toward eating disorders. Further, the school environment also exposes
teenagers to bullying. In this case, Copeland et al. (2015) asserted that bullying affected both
the bullies and the victims who were reported to be at risk of developing disordered eating
behaviors. Besides, the socio-cultural appearance and exposure to body images and cultural
norms affected the perception of beauty standards (Izydorczyk & Sitnik-Warchulska, 2018).
Across various cultures, thinness has been internalized as the standard of beauty, while
thickness is considered a sign of ill health. Due to the age factor, the 14-year-old teenager is
open to stressors from schooling, bullying, the impacts of social media, and the socio-cultural
perception of beauty standards. Hence, the presenting mental illness can be attributed to the
desire to fit into the cultural standards of beauty, a coping mechanism to the bullying at
school, and the desire to fit into the popular culture as per the social media messages.
Action Plan
Concerns Identified
Some of the major issues identified in relation to the case study include parenting
styles, socio-economic status, and environmental variables. In particular, studies have
consistently shown that parenting styles trigger the onset of eating disorders. The issue of
concern relates to authoritarian and highly controlling parenting styles (Hampshire et al.,
2022; Latzer et al., 2015). In the current case, due to the age factors, the client’s parenting
styles are an issue of concern, partly due to the need to regulate the teenager behaviors, which
often change during the adolescent phase. This assertion is supported by the fact that the
client’s siblings have not been diagnosed with any mental disorders. Hence, the conclusion
points to the parent-teenage interaction as the issue of concern.
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The other issues of concern are related to social factors. In essence, the schooling
environment and exposure to the media all have the potential to alter behaviors. In part, an
issue that requires attention relates to the assessment of whether the client is a victim of
bullying or a bully. In part, in both instances, the risk of mental illness is higher (Copeland et
al., 2015). Besides, teenage tend to have the tendency to associate and incline toward peer
pressure. Thus, bullying is an issue of concern worth addressing. Besides, social media usage
by teenagers requires evaluation to detect patterns and trends with regard to topics,
interactions, and the nature of content explored by the teenagers. As Latzer et al. (2015)
noted, a teenager is affected by negative social media messages that construct the standards
of beauty and promote thinness as an acceptable standard. As per Izydorczyk & SitnikWarchulska, (2018), women below the age of 30 and most adolescents are often affected by
the social-cultural standards of beauty and tend to have low self-esteem on a matter related to
body image. Hence, considering the client’s culture is also an issue that requires attention
when preparing the treatment interventions.
Potential Solutions
Treatment Approach
Designing and implementing the treatment intervention will require a multidisciplinary approach. The rationale for the multi-disciplinary approach is supported by
literature on the risk of remission. In part, studies show that patients with ED who attend the
clinic tend to recover more than those with other mental health issues. In the current context,
the patient present with both anxiety and an eating disorder (Stewart et al., 2022). Hence, to
increase the probability of positive outcomes, the treatment option should use coordinated
care using a diverse professional to reduce the potential of remission. The goal of the multidisciplinary approach is to improve the patient’s functional status both at home and at school.
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Pharmacological Intervention
Due to the wide scope of the identified issues, the intervention to address the patient
issue will incorporate both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
Concerning the pharmacological intervention, the patient will be prescribed anxiety
medication and medication for the eating disorders. The selective serotine reuptake inhibitor
(SSRIs) offers the best approach to treating the eating disorder due to the low chances of an
overdose and high tolerability. The rationale for selecting the pharmacological option is
based on the high level of efficacy in managing symptoms. The pharmacological intervention
will be complemented with the non-pharmacological intervention to improve treatment
outcomes and reduce the risk of remission.
Non-Pharmacological Intervention
Concerning the non-pharmacological intervention, various options will be used.
Firstly, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based approach that has been cited
to be effective in the management of eating disorders among teenagers. In part, the CBT
approach focuses on the cognitive factors that are linked to body image and self-identity. In
essence, patients with an eating disorder tend to have cognitive distortions (Micali et al.,
2015). Hence, CBT offers a suitable approach to addressing the cognitive factors related to
body image, self-evaluation, and belief (Dalle Grave et al., 2013). Besides, the approach
would also play a role in altering behaviors and improving healthy eating habits. Through the
multi-disciplinary approach, CBT can be used to manage anxiety in a different setting during
the treatment process and also used in the management of the eating disorder.
Secondly, the mindfulness intervention will also be integrated into the treatment plan.
Studies have consistently shown that mindfulness intervention is efficient in improving eating
disorder symptomatology among the adult population (Omiwole et al., 2019). The aftermentioned approach has been shown to increase positive body image and weight
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management. Hence, due to the high rate of efficacy in the adult population, the intervention
can also be used in the teenage population. The last intervention will involve counseling
focusing on parenting styles. In this case, the need for empowerment and warm parenting
styles is an important aspect that can act as a protective factor to address the bullying, social
pressure, and the development of self-identity among the teenage population (Latzer et al.,
2015). The association between self-identity and ED has been noted in past studies by
Palmeroni et al. (2020). Hence, through empowerment, a parent can facilitate and act as a
support system for the teenager undergoing the adolescent phase.
Conclusion
A parenting action plan provides a vision and guideline to guide the provision of care.
In essence, the case study identified issues related to parenting that increased the vulnerability
to mental illness. The client presented with anxiety and eating disorders that, according to
literature, tend to originate from poor parenting styles and poor-quality attachments. In the
absence of parenting support, adolescents tend to undergo identity crises, are at risk of
environmental stress, and develop poor cognition. Thus, to improve the safety nets, parenting
styles that provide warmth and support can be used to empower the adolescent to overcome
challenges associated with the adolescent phase. Besides, the action plan also recommends
the CBT and the Mindfulness intervention to address issues related to cognition and selfimage. Besides, to prevent re-mission, the plan also recommends the need to use
pharmacological intervention. Based on the intervention stipulated in the action plan, the site
of impacts at home and in a social setting will be positively impacted, resulting in positive
health outcomes for the teenager.
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References
Colizzi, M., Lasalvia, A., & Ruggeri, M. (2020). Prevention and early intervention in youth
mental health: Is it time for a multidisciplinary and trans-diagnostic model for care?
International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 14(1), 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-020-00356-9
Copeland, W. E., Bulik, C. M., Zucker, N., Wolke, D., Lereya, S. T., & Costello, E. J. (2015).
Does childhood bullying predict eating disorder symptoms? A prospective,
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https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22459
Dalle Grave, R., Calugi, S., Doll, H. A., & Fairburn, C. G. (2013). Enhanced cognitive
behaviour therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: An alternative to family
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Huryk, K. M., Drury, C. R., & Loeb, K. L. (2021). Diseases of affluence? A systematic
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Izydorczyk, B., & Sitnik-Warchulska, K. (2018). Sociocultural appearance standards and risk
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Latzer, Y., Spivak-Lavi, Z., & Katz, R. (2015). Disordered eating and media exposure among
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(2022). From efficacy to effectiveness: Child and adolescent eating disorder
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