Thesis

we work in the thesis of master. we finished from the topic and the research question, now I want another writer how has experience in the thesis. I want him to work now in these steps

Chapter III: Method Overview Research Method Research Design Pilot Studies (if applicable) Selection of Subjects Instrumentation Procedures for Data Collection Procedures for Data Analysis Assumptions and Limitations of the Study Summary

 

Chapter III: Method Overview Research Method Research Design Pilot Studies (if applicable) “in this step I want you to find a case study”. Selection of Subjects Instrumentation Procedures for Data Collection Procedures for Data Analysis Assumptions and Limitations of the Study Summary

  

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PublicAdministration and Water supply Management in Urban Areas of USA

Background

Water supply management has become a major issue of concern for the urban areas of USA on account of increasing population, climatic changes, shortages of water, etc. Public administrative bodies at national, state and city levels have taken various initiatives to properly manage water supply in urban areas. However, questions still arise about the efficiency of these policies or initiatives in managing water supply in urban areas of the country.

According to a report of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of USA, more than 50 percent of water supplied by public authorities is used by domestic households, while businesses or industries consume significantly less water. However, there is some variation in the amount used based on location. (EPA, 2013)

With increasing usage of water, many states of USA have already started to feel the pressure, particularly in urban areas. Water shortages have become a common problem in almost all the regions of USA. (Borisova et al. 2009)

The administrative bodies are now dealing with growth in population, increasing usage of in-stream water, environmental side-effects (negative) of continuous withdrawal of groundwater, impact of climate changes with respect to water supply and distribution across the country (Dziegielewski and Kiefer 2008).

Over the years, efficiency with respect to water usage has been improved, but rapid population growth, mainly in urban areas, has led to a huge increase in withdrawal of groundwater by public authorities to supply water (Marella 2008). Making provision for adequate water for the incasing urban population has become a major concern for water supply managers of the country (Borisova et al. 2009). This concern has been heightened by the long-term effects of climatic changes. For example, changes in the amount of rainfall, evaporation, groundwater recharge, etc. on account of variation in climate significantly influence availability of and demand for freshwater (Borisova et al. 2009). With respect to the quality of drinking water, there are concerns about disinfection by chemical substances, mainly in urban areas.

In order to deal with these issues, various supply-side and demand side measures have been taken by the government. For example, supply side management tools include higher desalination with fresher water to maintain desired quality of drinking water, collection of excess surface water at the time of rainy season in storage reservoirs, reclamation of water used by domestic households with highly efficient treatment for other non-drinking purposes, etc (Dziegielewski and Kiefer 2008; Borisova et al. 2009). On the other hand, demand side management tools include quality control, making provisions of price incentives for water conservation, increasing water rates during droughts, water shortages, high demand, etc., utilization of educational programs to raise public awareness about water usage, etc (Dziegielewski and Kiefer 2008; Borisova et al. 2009). Besides, EPA has developed a partisanship project, WaterSense that promises to teach the Americans simple ways to reduce water usage with the help of using water-efficient products (EPA, 2013).

Research Question

Water resource and supply managers at national and state levels have a portfolio of strategies to address limited water supply and growing water demand in urban areas of USA. However, it is necessary to choose the most effective methods of adequate and persistent water supply in urban areas. Expansion of already available water supplies certainly has some important benefits for areas that are experiencing huge population growth (Borisova et al. 2009). However, sometimes expansion in the available water supply appears to be costly (Dziegielewski and Kiefer 2008; Borisova et al. 2009). But, demand side management tools, inspite of being cost effective, do not always bring effective results. In such a situation, the present study will place its focus on one supply side management tool and examine its efficiency in one of the overpopulated urban region of the country. For the purpose of the study, focus will be placed on the strategy of desalination and the chosen area would be Florida, one of the highly dense urban sectors of the country. Hence, the research question would be as follows:

How does the strategy of higher desalination of water helps in better water supply management in overly populated urban sector?

Research method

For the purpose of the proposed study, the case study of desalination of water in Florida will be taken into account. Besides, a comparative analysis will be conducted where the desalination strategy and its effectiveness for better water supply management will be compared with that implemented in other areas, such as European Union. This comparison might help in detecting the loopholes in the existing system used in Florida and offering some recommendations. The proposed study will use secondary data for answering the research question. Data will be collected from the federal and state government, public water supply agencies, and peer reviewed journal articles. Newspaper and magazine articles will also provide some important information.

References

EPA- United Stated Environment Protection Agency. (2013). Water Supply in the U.S. Available at

http://www.epa.gov/WaterSense/pubs/supply.html

Dziegielewski, B. and Kiefer. J.C. (2008). U.S. Water Demand, Supply and Allocation: Trends and Outlook (2007-R-3). Washington, D.C.: United States Army Corps of Engineers.

Marella, R.L. (2008). Water Use in Florida, 2005 and Trends 1950–2005. Tallahassee, FL: Florida Department of Environmental Protection and Florida Water Management District Headquarters

Borisova, T., Rawls, C. And Admas, D. (2009). Balancing Urban Water Demand and Supply in Florida: Overview of Tools Available to Water Managers. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL: Food and Resource Economics Department.