Scientific discovery of 19th century ( January 1801 – December 1900)

The newsletter shall include at least 6 sections about the following subjects:

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Why you chose this event

The science behind the discovery

Describe the discovery

  • What are the consequences (positive  and negative) of the discovery
  • Impact on  humanity and environment
  • “my corner” “my side” “my thoughts”
  • Groundbreaking Scientific Times
    Kacey Van Duzer: Powerful Penicillin
    May 27, 1931
    The Powerful Penicillin
    By Kacey Van Duzer
    Section 1(why I chose event)
    I chose this event because it shocked me that the first
    antibiotic hasn’t even been around for a hundred years.
    Antibiotics save so many people’s lives. Sometimes
    when we get sick we get antibiotics. We take them and
    we live and we are all good. This wasn’t the case before
    the 1930s. People would injure themselves doing
    day-to-day tasks and develop infections and sometimes
    pass away. Antibiotics fight those infections and kill
    harmful bacteria. Since people didn’t have antibiotics
    they would have to hope their immune system would
    fight off the harmful bacteria. Penicillin is a powerful
    drug that helps keep people alive.
    Alexander Fleming in his lab
    working on the production of
    Penicillin
    Penicillin’s Odd Discovery
    How did Fleming do it?
    Section 3(describe discovery)
    This is no normal story for such an amazing discovery.
    Alexander Fleming in 1928 was the first to discover the
    antibiotic Penicillin. Fleming took a summer vacation to
    Scotland, when he returned to his lab in London he found mold
    in his Petri dish. Before he left, the petri dish contained
    bacteria in them. The mold was penicillium which stopped all
    the bacteria from growing in the petri dish. He accidentally
    grew mold that developed into the first antibiotic. Fleming was
    a bacteriologist
    Original Bottle of Penicillin
    Penicillin Discovery Word Search
    What This Discovery Means for Us
    Consequences on Humanity
    Section 4(consequences on humanity)
    Penicillium Mold in Petri Dish
    “Miracle Drug”
    Science Behind it
    Section 2(science behind discovery)
    Interview with Alexander Fleming and the Science Behind
    the Discovery
    Interview questions by Kacey Van Duzer
    1. How does the drug itself work?
    Penicillin works by indirectly bursting the cell walls of bacteria.
    (Newman, 2018).
    2. What can Penicillin be used for?
    There a number of things penicillin can be used to treat. I
    found that illnesses like open wounds, meningitis, strep throat,
    pneumonia, syphilis, gonorrhea, etc. all do well with penicillin.
    We’re still finding new illnesses that can be treated with
    penicillin every day.
    3. How did you discover Penicillin?
    Everyone loves this story. I was returning back to my lab in
    Europe after summer vacation. I had left Petri dishes near the
    window containing the bacteria, Staphylococcus. When I got
    back the Petri dishes were covered in a mold called
    Penicillium. I noticed the bacteria were unable to grow
    because of the mold. So I discovered an antibiotic. (Newman,
    2018).
    4. Is there anything people would be surprised to learn
    about Penicillin?
    I may have discovered Penicillin but it took a team of scientists
    to actually make the drug happen and useable. Penicillin is a
    class and is associated with a few other antibiotics.
    5. Are there any side effects that occur when people
    take Penicillin?
    Yes, just like every other drug there can be side effects. The
    most common ones that I hear of are headaches, nausea,
    rash, hives, and diarrhea. Everyone reacts differently to drugs.
    6. Do you have any concerns about the drug?
    The overuse of it, “their life-saving potential has led to
    overuse, and now bacteria are learning to overcome the
    medicines, making antibiotics less effective by the day.
    (Wighton, 2018)”
    Section 5(consequences on environment)
    What This Discovery Means for the
    Environment
    By Kacey Van Duzer
    Interesting “did you know” Facts About Antibiotics Effects on the
    Environment
    ● Did you know there was such thing as antibiotic resistance pollution?
    It affects microbiomes in our environment and humans
    ● Did you know antibiotics like Penicillin create “superbugs”
    Antibiotic pollution in water
    ● Did you know “antibiotic use is also rising in aquaculture, the
    fastest-growing food sector worldwide due to intensive farming. For
    this reason, antibiotics of pharmaceutical origin are now found in
    large quantities in human-made environments such as sewage and
    wastewater treatment plants. (Kraemer, 2021).”
    ● Did you know hospitals and land agriculture produce antibiotic waste
    that creates “hotspots” for antibiotic resistance
    ● Did you know “antibiotic pollution has also been observed to have
    negative effects on vertebrates. The effect of antibiotic pollution is
    thought to be especially strong in aquatic environments where
    animals are chronically exposed to the pollutants. (Kraemer, 2021).”
    Section 6(my thoughts)
    Authors Thoughts
    Opinion Piece by Kacey Van Duzer
    In my opinion
    Antiobiotics like Penicillin are not bad drugs. Like all drugs, they have side
    effects. Unfortunately, these drugs do threaten people who use them for minor
    medical uses. People need to be careful when taking antibiotics because we can
    build immunity to them and they can become ineffective. Doctors can’t hand out
    antibiotics for every illness. Alexander Fleming for sure changed the world of
    medicine. He saved many lives in WWII with antibiotics. Our world needs
    antibiotics to save lives. I grew to admire Fleming while doing this project. In an
    article, “he would say: “When I woke up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I
    certainly didn’t plan to revolutionize all medicine by discovering the world’s first
    antibiotic, or bacteria killer. But I suppose that was exactly what I did.”(Tan, 2015)”
    He changed medicine with his discovery and saved many lives. He was a humble
    scientist and knew his discovery was an accident. He always knew that bacteria
    would beat antibiotics and made sure to warn doctors. Luckily were at a point
    where there are several different kinds of antibiotics. People who desperately
    need them can take them.
    References
    Kraemer, S. A., Ramachandran, A., & Perron, G. G. (2019, June 22). Antibiotic Pollution in the Environment: From Microbial Ecology to Public
    Microorganisms. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6616856/.
    Newman, T. (2018, July). MediLexicon International. (n.d.). Penicillin: Function, history, and resistance. Medical News Today.
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/216798#history.
    Tan, S. Y., & Tatsumura, Y. (2015, July). Alexander Fleming (1881-1955): Discoverer of penicillin. Singapore medical journal.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4520913/.

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