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Chapter 11: A primer onhazard analysis and risk
assessment
By Adam richards
• The organization shall establish and
implement a risk assessment process
appropriate to the nature of hazards and
Requirements
Z10
level of risk.
• This was established by a provision added
in the 2012 version of Z10.
• Assessing risks can be
done using quantitative (numeric) or
qualitative (descriptive) method.
Definitions
1.
Hazard: is defined as the potential for harm to people, property, or the
environment. Z10 says hazard is ” a condition, set of circumstances, or inherent
property that can cause injury, illness, or death.
2.
Risk: is defined as an estimate of the probability of a hazards -related incident or
exposure occurring and the severity of harm or damaged that could result.
3.
Probability: is defined as the likelihood of a hazard’s potential being realized and
initiating an incident or exposure that could result in harm or damage for a
selected unit of time, events, population, items, or activity being considered.
4.
Severity: is defined as the extent of harm or damage that could result from hazard related incident or exposures.
Definitions continued
1. Hazard analysis is made to estimate the severity of harm or damage that
could result from a hazard -related incident or exposure.
2. Risk assessment is a process that begins with hazard identification and
analysis, followed by an estimate of the probable extent of severity of
harm or damage if an incident or exposure occurs, concluding with an
estimate of the probability of the incident or exposure occurring.
A hazard analysis and
risk assessment guide
1.
A risk assessment matrix: Provides methods
to categorize probability and severity,
establishing a risk level. not limited to
these two categories.
2.
Establish the analysis parameters: select a
manageable task, system, process, or
product to be analyzed.( standard
operation, maintenance, startup)
3.
Identify hazards: getting to the causal
factors.
A hazard analysis and risk assessment guide
4 . C o n s i d e r t h e fa i l u re m o d e s : D ef i n e p o s s i b l e fa i l u re m o d e s t h a t re s u l t i n re a l i za t i o n o f
p o te nt i a l h a za rd s .
5 . D ete r m i n e t h e f re q u e n c y a n d d u ra t i o n o f ex p o s u re : Fo r a ny h a r m o r d a m a g e ca te g o r y
e s t i m ate t h e f re q u e n c y a n d d u ra t i o n o f ex p o s u re to t h e h a za rd .
6 . A s s e s s t h e s ev e r i t y o f co n s e q u e n c e s : D ete r m i n e t h e m a g n i t u d e o f h a r m o r d a m a g e t h a t
co u l d re s u l t .
7 . D ete r m i n e o c c u r re nc e p ro b a b i l i t y : e s t i m a t i n g t h e l i ke l i h o o d, t h e p ro b a b i l i t y, o f a
h a za rd o u s ev e nt o r ex p o s u re o c c u r i n g .
8 . D ef i n e t h e i n i t i a l r i s k : h a za rd – rel a te d i n c i d e nt s o r ex p o s u re o c c u r r i n g , t h e ex p e c te d
s ev e r i t y l ev e l a n d f i g u re o u t r i s k ca te g o r y ( h i g h , s e r i o u s , m o d e rate , l o w )
A hazard analysis and risk assessment guide
9 . R i s k p r i o r i t i za t i o n : r i s k ra n k i n g sy s te m s h o u l d b e a d o p te d s o p r i o r i t i ze s ca n b e
e s ta b l i s h e d.
1 0 . S e l e c t a n d i m p l e m e nt r i s k re d u c t i o n a n d co nt ro l m et h o d s : r i s k a s s e s s me nt i n d i ca te s t h e
e l i m i n at i o n o r re d u c t i o n m e a s u re s m u s t b e ta ke n to a c h i ev e a c c e p ta b l e r i s k
1 1 . A s s e s s re s i d u a l r i s k : a s t h e r i s k re m a i n i n g a f te r p rev e nt i v e m e a s u re s h av e b e e n ta ke n .
1 2 . R i s k a c c e p ta n c e d e c i s i o n m a k i n g : u s u a l l y m a d e by a p p ro p r i a te m a n a g e m e nt l ev e l s .
1 3 . D o c u m e nta t i o n : d o c u m e nt ev e r y t h i n g
1 4 . Re a s s e s s t h e r i s k : fo l l o w u p o n a c t i o n s ta ke n .
Probability
description
There is no single correct method
of selecting probability and
severity categories and their
descriptions.
Risk assessment matrix
• As safety manager we always want to
eliminate all hazards, but it may not be
Acceptable
risk
feasible.
• When a hazard cannot be eliminated the
risk should be reduced as low as
reasonably practical and acceptable.
Hazard analyses and risk assessment techniques
• Preliminary hazard analysis(PHA): Technique used to identify and evaluate
hazards in the early -stages of the design process.
• What-IF analysis: A group of people use a brainstorm approach to identify
hazards, hazard scenarios, how incidents can occur, and what their
probable consequences might be.
• Checklist analysis: They consist of lists of questions pertaining to the
applicable standards and practices, usually with a “yes” “No” or
“Not applicable” response.
What-IF/Checklist analysis: this is a combination of the techniques above.
Hazard analyses and risk assessment techniques
Failure mode and effects analysis(FEMA): The technique is used to evaluate the
ways in which equipment fails and the response of the system to those failures.
FEMA is useful throughout the lifespan of equipment or process.
Hazard and operation analysis(HAZOP): A process or operation is reviewed
systematically to identify deviations from desired practices that could lead to
adverse consequences.
Fault tree analysis(FTA): Is a top -down method, deductive logic model that
traces the failure pathways for a predetermined undesirable condition or event
called a TOP event.
Hazard analyses and risk assessment techniques
Management oversight(MORT):A pre -design, systematized logic tree to the
identification of total system risks, both those inherit in physical equipment
and process and those which arise from operation/management
inadequacies.
conclusion
In conclusion many judgments will be made when it comes to risk
assessments and hazard analysis mostly because of their which risk deserve
the highest priorities.
This is to provide the foundation for those who perceive that having
additional knowledge in the aspect of safety and health risk management.
Capstone Chapter Presentation Critique Page
(students do not have to critique their own presentation, only those of their peers)
Student/Instructor Name: _______________________________________________________ Date: __________
Instructions: Please answer the questions below based on the student presentation delivered. Please keep answers short but
informative. To earn all the points for the critique, all the questions must have discernable answers. It is assumed that students
are studying on their own and reading the assigned presentation chapter PRIOR to coming to class. If more space is needed,
please use the back of the page. If the back is used, please indicate at the bottom of the page so the instructor does not miss that
during grading. A total of five of these critiques must be submitted to the appropriate assignment drop.
1. Provide three main themes presented in this chapter.
2. Of the themes listed in the answer to question #1, what do you believe would be most helpful in the work
environment? Please provide a short sentence to describe how that information would help you.
3. What are some possible challenges with the concepts listed in this chapter? One way to think of this is to try to
think of what would make implementation or application challenging. If you don’t have work experience (in any
type of job), please try to use your historical observations of a work environment as the basis to your response
as well as the what you picked up when reading the chapter.
4. What would do you think was the best part of the presentation?
5. How do you think could have been improved? Please state a solution in that if the answer is something like “it
was a dry subject that needed to be more exciting,” that wouldn’t actually help that much because the
presenters won’t know what “more exciting” means. Please offer something constructive that could be done to
enhance the message when pointing to a weakness.
