Research Paper – Rey Writer

Requirements:

– Combining several essays into 1 research paper.

– Addtional 2+ pages should be added.

– Word cited is a most. MLA format paper and references.

– The topic is “Students will write about why do people choose urban life, or go to the city, what do they find there, how do they cope, what can they contribute and how are they rewarded.“

 

Here is the essays and what its about:

Document 1 – The City: Describing the changes in western soceity that gave rise to the city.

Document 2 – Geography and Ecology: Write about how and why urban geography and ecolology impact 

Document 3 – Deviance and Normalcy: Write about how and why city life can be a negative, problematic, or detrimental social expience for either oneself or others.

Document 4 – Field Trip: Forest Hills: The significance of your field trip as it relates to the social, ecnomic, or psychological aspect of urban living.

No Stakes

The dawn of Industrial revolution brought about changes in various aspects of a man’s life, being conveyed more towards urbanization. In turn, this prompted some to ask how the pre-industrial ages were like. In this case, the paper focuses on the 1500s up to the 1700s. This was a time when man underwent several stages before finally entering the industrial world that led to today’s urbanization. The 1500s and periods before that saw times when communication was a problem and the population largely adopted farming lifestyle. By the 18th century, there was waning of the feudal system. This led to the espousal of a new system in which people now depended on each other and their masters.

It is during the Middle Ages that the guilds were established. These were exclusively created regiment organizations created to partly preserve their members’ privileges and create a distinction from the civic government. It was however hard to tell the difference apart as the functions of the two separate bodies mostly overlapped each other, with many prominent guildsmen being part of the civic government. The two kinds of guilds in existence were the merchant and craft guilds, both of which required one to go through the three stages of apprenticeship, journeymen and finally becoming a master.

Essentially, the guilds came into being after the failure of previous systems which took great toll on the civilians through high taxations and generally unfavourable living conditions. The system managed to protect both its members and the consumers. Through it, there was increased stability of the society as its many achievements rather than aspirations made the society more conducive for persons to flourish. The new authority relations ensured that each member of the guilds was protected, an issue that was made possible through the overlapping factor of guilds and the civic government.

Going through the three stages was mandatory for any guild member, with the lowest being the apprentice. A teenager, mostly male, would go and live with a master where his parents would pay for this to happen. The apprentice was principally subject to the master and had to do as told and learn what was being done. This may run between 2-7 years, of which one was not allowed to marry.

The next was journeymen who were similarly under the master’s watch but were entitled to a salary in return for their services. They had the task of presenting a masterpiece that would impress the masters or exhibit characteristics of having gained the much needed experience, knowledge and capability in the merchant field. Completion of this step led to a voting process to decide whether or not to accept the journeymen before being considered a master.

Due to insufficient education, the Putting Out System was not able to work in the 1500s. Being the first method to be used in making clothes during the industrial revolution, the machines in use didn’t run on coal or fuel and were generally small. The method was also slow but on the positive side, it was a safe way of industrialization as the workers were not subjected to harmful material. The first part required one to cover all expenses in production while in the next step, it was making of profits to make up for the expense.

18th century saw increased improvements in industrialization, leading to the cut of unreliable workers. The workforce was progressively turned into a factory with increased diversity through Cultural Heterogeneity. The Protestant Work Ethic was also adopted during this period, as people now ventured in production for exchange and not simply for individual use. As instigated by the adopted theory, they were to work emphasizing on zeal, discipline, thrift, reinvestment and prosperity.

Low Stakes

Most of the core aspects of urban ecology can be provided in a diverse collection of reading based on its rich background. The discipline is essentially the study of ecosystems, including the humans that occupy cities and urbanizing the vast landscape. This emerging interdisciplinary field indicates impacts on our lives through its projections and understanding of humans and ecological processes ought to coexist in the systems that are predominantly occupied by humans. Through its findings, we are challenged and informed of how best we as a society can work towards sustainability.

The branch of study largely uses imperative data and comparison ways in its findings so as to clearly lay out what is, what ought to be and how it can be. It incorporates the works other disciplines that we are chiefly acquainted to; disciplines such as architecture, public health, ecology, economics, urban planning and anthropology to name but a few. With deep regards to the facet’s unique focus on natural system and humans, the term ‘urban ecology’ has come into existence as it studies humans in cities.

Activities such as trade have been affected by the study which tries to amplify the need for security, which in this case is in relation to the environment and not the usually threat to one’s life or property. The facet is providing further information which is in turn contributing to our improved understanding of urban ecosystems; an issue that has become of great interest following the plight of global warming and climate change. The studies in this particular aspect affect our lives as it prompts us to be cautious of the available natural resources in all our doings and proceedings.

In relation to urban geography, there is study of buildings and infrastructure concentration in various areas of a city. It is basically an abridged section of geography demographics. The study relates to the economic activities that take place in the secondary and tertiary sectors which often take place in cities with high population densities. The study particularly impacts our lives as the crucial aspect of trade is dealt with in the intradisciplinary study and eventual findings.

Our lives are involuntarily affected by the studies as it is the branch of science with primarily deals in urban areas, specifically on the economy, concentration, infrastructure and environmental impacts. Through this, we are informed of the maximum or minimum population an area ought to have, it’s distribution, the suitable economic activities and how they can be undertaken in consideration to the eventual environmental impacts. The city’s grid is determined and established by this branch of study; places that you and I end up residing in due to the favourable factors that we note in the areas.

Being arguably the most evident and clear impact the scientific branch has on our lives, the concentric zones act as determinants of how an entire city is laid out. The zones act as contributing factors to where; the people reside, the industries are located, the working area is situated, is allocated for commuter zone and the zone of transition. Basically, we are impacted by the study for it depicts how a city ought to look like and its functioning. This is mainly because the urban land usage presented by the science branch explains the distribution of various social groups in a city.

Medium Stakes #1

For those that have the privilege to live in the city-big or small, they have come to realize apart from the many benefits a city may have, life can be a negative, problematic and downright detrimental experience for an individual. In explaining this, it is necessary to look into deviance and normalcy. The two are directly opposing forces that exist in the society. In a sociological perspective, deviance depicts the acts that happen to be contradictory to the set social norms. It is this paper’s purview to state how and why the experience of a city can be negative in regards to normalcy and deviance.

Primary and secondary deviance forms a major part of this elaboration. Primary deviance has been found to have rather negligible effect on individuals and the society as a whole. This is because it mainly entails random and casual acts of defiance that have no significant implications, an example being a child’s mischief in illegally eating candy. On the other hand, secondary deviance is what is perceived as the crimes that we engage in due to the society’s view and influence. For those who fall prey to such societal reactions, they are put in self-concept crises, as they fail to know where and how they fit in the society. This leads to having rather negative experiences as they often resort to further misconduct.

Through the Labeling Theory, one is able to understand the concept of primary and secondary deviance. This is because it is closely related to symbolic interaction analysis and social construction. The theory holds that deviance is a result of people’s tendency to negatively label those perceived as deviant from the set societal norms; a perception that is considered contrary to the common belief of deviance being inherent to an act. Continued negative influence and experience of an individual sequentially leads to degradation of societal norms.

The theory of ‘Differential Association’ provides a different analogy of deviance which leads to detrimental experience to an individual. According to this theory, it is presented that deviance is a learned trait, stating that people get to learn the behaviour based on the groups they associate with. This is a counter-theory to the previous depiction of deviance as a biologically oriented trait or a result of personality. From the theory’s explanation, one will experience a negative life due to his or her deviance that as a result of associating with individuals whose mannerism that is deviant.

The strain theory has also been used in explaining the plight of detrimental experiences to persons living in the city. In regards to negative experience, people engage in criminal activities due to pressure from social structures that exist in the society. The structural structures being mentioned in this case are the societal processes which affect an individual’s perception of his or her deeds.

The conclusive projections indicated in insight to deviance and normalcy has been reached upon following a series of mathematical and statistical study. These form the basis if the empirical investigation that has been done systematically to each quantitative research. Heteropathological traits are still shunned in most societies and significantly contribute to the problematic experiences that go through in the city. The society has not yet come out of its cocoon of having an autopathological society; a position that is causing many their happiness and freedom to have a great experience.

Medium Stakes #3: Forest Hills, Queens

Queens, the most populous county in the State of New York located on the easternmost side of the five boroughs of the State of New York. Queens State is also the largest in the area and is the second most populated county in the state of New York and in the context of the United States, Queens is fourthly densely populated. Queens is located on the west of Long island, alongside its neighbour, Brooklyn State. Queens has quite a diverse population with over forty eight percent of its estimated population of two million and two hundred thousand people being foreigners from all over the world comprising of over a hundred and thirty eight languages being spoken in the region.

Queens in comparison to the other boroughs of New York City has been reported to have the most diversified economy and the second largest of them all. Queens has differing character with there being presence of both the affluent and those who live from hand to mouth. These are characterized by the diverse housing structures especially with in urban areas such as Ridgewood among others having high density apartments and in suburban areas such as Bayside having large free standing single family homes.

Queens is home to major airports among other attractions such as the Flushing Meadows Park which is home to the New York Mets; a baseball team and also to the US Open Tennis tournaments; Silver cup and Astoria Studios. Astoria is one of the most popular neighbourhoods of New York City with many residing there and still attracts more to move in and settle there.

Forest Hills in Queens is where I was raised. It is originally home to many Jewish residents. In the past it was one of the affluent neighbourhoods with most well of people living in Forest Hills Gardens. Originally, Forest Hills was known as White Port though got renamed by Brooklyn Attorney in 1906. The area got developed as from 1909 when Margaret Sage bought a hundred and forty two acres of land from the Cord Meyer Development Company and construction of good housing to improve the living conditions of the working poor began. The resulting huge property values made this claim totally impractical and this was also the beginning of the foundations of the Russell Sage Foundation. Forest Hills was planned in context of English garden communities hence explaining the Tudor styled homes. There is a diverse mixture of upscale housing in the south where there are single family houses, attached town houses and both low and high rise apartments. The expansion of the subway between the 1920s through to the 50s led to the expansion of Forest Hills.

In Forest Hills, there are two monuments erected in respect to the victims of both World War One and the mast of Columbia. Forest Hills has received worldwide recognition with it being the home of fictional comic book character of Marvel pictures, Spiderman, and Peter Parker.

Forest hills is also bordered by two of the largest parks in Queens; the Flushing Meadows Corona Park and Forest Park under management of New York City’s Department of Parks and Recreation. The iconic Unisphere and the sites of the two World Fairs are at the Flushing Meadows. Forest Hills was the site of the US Opens Tennis Championships from 1915 to 1977 which were held at the West Side Tennis Club. It also has a lot of fancy restaurants with lots of good food and everyday choices though standing out with best values is Queens Boulevard. Lately Austin Street has been striving on business being one of the more popular destinations to visit in Queens.

Being a gated and private community, Forest Hills happens to be among the safest neighbourhoods in Queens. It also boasts a strip of hoity-toity chains of supermarket, small shops, boutiques and antique shops.