research

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Due: Thursday, February 9, 2017 (turn in during class). 20% of course grade

For this assignment we want a complete first draft of your SRP. The components of an SRP are spelled out
below. Limit your thesis to a maximum of 25 pages (including the first page with the title, abstract and start
of the introduction). Examples of completed SRPs are on our class web site at:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1MM5dlpkxO8dtHk8HE6PY29SIMAw9BbpY
 

SHIFT FROM PROPOSAL MODE TO COMPLETED THESIS MODE.
Please give us a draft of a completed thesis (not a statement of what you plan to do). Do not give any sidebar
comments in the body of your paper itself. In other words, don’t make parenthetical comments in the body
like: if only I had more time I would have included xxx and xyy; I didn’t get a chance to interview so and so
yet –but I will do so in January; I thought this info would be helpful but now I see I was going down the
wrong road; etc. Comments of this sort are useful. B u t we want your draft to approximate a finished product
as closely as you can. Then, if you like, you can include an addendum at the end that spells out your
frustrations, data gaps, wishful thinking gone wrong, whatever else you want to share.

Components of the SRP

Cover Page (1 page)

Introduction (2-3 pages)

Literature Review (4-5 pages)

Research Strategy (2-4 pages)
Findings and Analysis (8-10
pages) Conclusion (2-4 pages)

Appendices (Optional, 1-3 pages)

Bibliography (include at least ten peer reviewed sources in addition to your other non-academic and
primary sources)

*The page ranges listed above are approximate. If you did a quantitative study, you may need to allocate
more space to explaining your research design. The main thing is to get your key points across without fluff
or too many details.

FORMAT: Use 12pt font, in Times New Roman or some other font you prefer. With the exception of the
abstract, bibliography, footnotes/endnotes, tables and text boxes (which should be single spaced), use double
spacing for all text with margins set at 1inch all around: top, bottom, left, right. 25 pages is roughly 6250 words
worlds. There are about 250 words per page using 12pt font and 1 inch margins.

Cover Page (1 page)

The first page should include your SRP title, your name, university affiliation, abstract, four or five
keywords, and the start of your introduction. See Illustration 1 at the end of this set of instructions. Please
follow the formatting shown in Illustration 1. Be sure to include four of five keywords at the base of your
abstract.

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The abstract should succinctly state in approximately 150 words the issue addressed by your thesis and
summarize its key findings. In contrast to the introduction, the abstract is a self-contained summary of the
key highlights. An abstract should tell us what are we going to learn from your SRP that we do not know
now and why is it worth knowing.

The abstract should be written in clear, non-technical language so that the following questions could be
answered by a member of the general public who reads it:

(1) What was the specific purpose of the study?
(2) What information/research strategy did you use to arrive at these findings (i.e., what conceptual
and methodological approach did you use)?
(3) What are the main findings?

Introduction (2-3 pages)

Introduce the SRP topic and your question. Why is this important or interesting? While the original research
component of the paper may be quite narrow in scope (e.g., a case study of a particular program), the
introduction should frame the case in a broader context. The introduction also should give the reader an
overview of the organization of the paper. Many briefly mention their research strategy in the introduction,
but this is not necessary. Subdivide your intro (and your whole thesis) into sections with meaning full
subtitles (i.e., headers that serve as clear signposts telling the reader what to expect).

Use the introduction to explain to the reader what is it about poverty, community economic development,
inequality, industrial ecology, regional planning, class conflict, racism, social movements, NGO networking,
or whatever, that your SRP tries to understand or prove. What are we going to learn from you study? What
kind of questions do you raise about your object of study (i.e., what really happened? how can we change
this? why did it happen? what’s going to happen next? how can we make people understand?). There is a
balance to be struck between what you include in the intro and the lit review. These sections should be
mutually reinforcing without being redundant.

Make sure your introduction is an introduction to the SRP, not to the topic in general. Make sure you don’t
provide such a broad background to the topic that it takes pages to get to your argument (this explains our
limit of 2-3 pages). You should give a thumbnail sketch of where you’re going to go before you delve too
deeply into background. Sometimes students do not give this thumbnail sketch because they expect the
abstract to be doing that. Don’t consider the abstract as part of the paper, but rather a separate summary. (This
can create a sense of deja vu when you read an abstract and then read the opening paragraphs of an article,
but that’s ok.)

Literature Review (4-5 pages)

The Literature Review synthesizes existing answers to the same or similar questions. The literature review
should not include every work under the sun that is related to your topic. The literature review is not the same
as an annotated bibliography (an annotated bibliography simply lists a series of summaries of relevant books
and articles). Your literature review should be integrated. It should be organized around some theme or
argument.

Think of the literature review as the place to orient your reader to the intellectual terrain of your topic (i.e.,
the fields of pertinent scholarly discourse on your subject matter). Drawing on the work of others, your
literature review should make clear the assumptions, reasoning, and arguments that inform your study. In
examining a specific setting or set of individuals, the writer should show how she is studying a case of a
larger phenomenon. By linking the specific research questions to larger theoretical constructs or to national
policy issues, the writer shows that the particulars of the study serve to illuminate larger issues and,

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therefore, are of significance. Here you show that you know the important work that has been done in the
field and what is currently being undertaken. If you know of other people doing research which sounds very
similar to your own, explain the crucial differences, and the additional advantages of being able to compare
the findings of the studies. When making reference to literature, use Chicago Style parenthetical citations–
for example: (Smith, 1985: 24), or “Smith (1985: 24) found that…”

All referenced items must have a complete citation in the bibliography.

*I highly recommend using Endnote or some other bibliographic software to manage your citations and
associated files and notes.

Research Strategy (2-4 pages)

Here you explain your research design and your logic for choosing particular methods (why, for instance, did
you choose to do interviews, content analysis, and/or archival research). Your research design is your “action
plan for getting from here to there, where here may be defined as the initial set of questions to be answered,
and there is some set of conclusions (answers) about these questions” (Yin 1994: 19). Describe your research
strategy (methodology) so the reader understands what you did. Identify any shortcomings of your strategy.
Define necessary terms. This is not the place to go on and on about the ordinary trials and tribulations of
doing the research (i.e., how difficult it was getting a hold of a key informant, the fact that your topic was a
moving target and changed over time). Here you have to convince the reader that your approach was rigorous
and based in social science methods-be they qualitative or quantitative. The length of this section can vary
depending on the kind of research you conducted. Someone doing an inductive qualitative research project
will have less to say about research design than someone doing quantitative hypothesis testing (the former
will need more room to discuss their findings while the latter needs less).

Findings and Analysis (8-10 pages)

Describe your research findings. The descriptive component should report what you found. Use diagrams,
maps, graphs, tables, charts or other illustrations where appropriate. Depending on the size of your maps,
tables, and/or illustrations you may want to include them in an appendix. Anything that takes up more than
one-half a page should probably go in an appendix. Don’t go overboard. If you do decide to include
attachments, limit yourself to one or two pages. All small diagrams or tables should be folded into the text.
The analysis component should interpret your findings and consider the implications for the research question
you addressed.

Conclusion (2-4 pages)

The main task here is to reiterate the main points of your study, and to suggest why you think it matters. What
are the implications of your research? What questions remain unanswered? Based on your findings, you may
want to suggest an agenda for further study, or point to gaps in policy that need to be addressed.

Appendices (Optional, 1-3 pages)

Appendices can include supporting documentation such as charts, diagrams, maps, etc., that don’t easily fit
into the body of the text. Tables and charts presenting the research findings should be placed in the text, not
in an appendix.

Bibliography (include at least ten peer reviewed sources in addition to your other non-academic and primary
sources).

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Illustration 1. Model (template) of how we want you to format the first page of your SRP.

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Illustration 2. Model (template) of how we want you to format pages in the body of your SRP.

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SRP Check List

If you can check off all the boxes below with confidence, you are on your way to producing an excellent Senior
Research Project.

Conceptual framework and literature review

Did I successfully place my SRP in a conceptual framework?

Does my SRP spell out a clear research question, argument, or problem? Does it provide
specifics/background/evidence on why it important? Do I clearly outline my specific objectives, including how
my research provides insight into the general topic or problem?

Do I clealy spell out how my research is related to other previous and ongoing research? Did I tell you if
anyone else is doing what I did? Is my literature review organized around a clearly articulated theme or
argument?

Research design and methods

Did I clearly explain my data collection strategy and methodology?
Did I explain my research design and my logic for choosing particular methods (why, for instance, I chose to

do interviews, content analysis, and/or archival research)? Your research design is your “action plan for getting
from here to there, where here may be defined as the initial set of questions to be answered, and there is some set
of conclusions (answers) about these questions” (Yin 1994: 19). Do

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I convince the reader that my approach is rigorous and based in social science methods—­‐—­‐be they
qualitative or quantitative?

Concluding section (outcome/ deliverables)

Do you get a clear picture of my findings? Do I convince you that they are significant? Have I

reiterated the main points of my study, and suggested why I think it matters? Do I spell out the
implications of my research, and identify what questions remain unanswered?

FORMAT

YES NO

Does the cover page conform to all the requirements, e.g., title, name, date,
abstract, key terms?

Are the pages numbered?
Does the SRP contain major subheadings to help the reader navigate the text?

Are paragraphs coherent?

Are your paragraphs the right length (not too long)?

Did you check spelling and grammar?

Did you eliminate all unnecessary jargon and empty phrases or words (e.g.,
“really”, “actually”, “with regards to”)?

Did you use the Chicago Manual of Style for formatting?

Are all the sources cited in the body of the text also in the bibliography?

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Parking Issues at Beihang University

Yiling Zhang

11/6/2017

Dr.Pezzoli

Abstract

Traffic safety, management, and parking issues are major concerns of large universities. The number of students, native and international students and faculty’s use of vehicles make it difficult for university management to tackle the growing demand for parking lots. Therefore, the present study will focus the Beihang University of China as a case study to pinpoint its parking issues, the solution proposed by public and recommended solution based on both literature and participants of the study. Data will gather through a subjective questionnaire and analyze through descriptive statistics, discrete choice model and GIS.

Introduction

Universities can be considered as a small and growing town which binds the planners and policymakers to provide community facilities to each member of a community. Transportation facilities are basic needs of each member and it becomes more dynamic and complex due to the contribution of different factors. These include growing numbers of vehicles, for example, staff members, students, visitors and staff members who live near the campus area. Little attention has been given to university traffic issues, policies of universities, and planning of parking lots.

This unique combination of transportation land, its use, and planning provides us an ample opportunity to examine existing transportation policies and management process and propose recommendations to improve the existing transportation system while analyzing its outcomes. The matter of the fact is that land use refers the space which is used for transportation facilities within the campus of universities. In simple words, land use of parking lots, pedestrians, vehicular access roads and buildings consisting of administrative buildings, boarding and athlete buildings (Kuo 2015).

The relationship between transportation land and campus is that if the campus provides a convenient and easy transport, it increases the use of vehicle within campus area. Therefore, people take off the use of the alternative i.e. local transportation system. In the case of use of local transport system, and is left for auditoriums and additional buildings to accommodate other facilities in the campus. In the case of universities, transportation system requires proper planning, accurate estimation of demand and supply of transportation and provision of alternatives (Tahani Y. Al Hanaei 2007).

Commonly little attention to given to campus parking issues and transportation management system. It is important to give attention to campus area’s transportation planning because issues or mess in campus area has potential to affect the nearby town. The purpose of this research proposal is to identify the issues of parking and transportation fee and local transportation facilities available at Beihang University, Beijing, China.

Beihang University established in 1952 and enjoy the status of the first university offering aerospace technological education in the country. The university offers graduate, undergraduate and doctoral programs in areas of aeronautics, astronautics, and informatics. Roughly 10,282 students are enrolled in postgraduate programs, 12,523 in graduate programs and total 3,359 staff members. On the other hand, 49 fields offer doctoral programs, 144 programs for postgraduates and bachelors’ program consist of total 48 fields. On the other hand, the university offers highquality laboratories and libraries which have the status of China’s top laboratories and libraries (BUAA.Edu.CN 2017).

The transportation system of the university is convenient and easy to access for local and international students as well. Different subways, railroads, and bus lines link the university with a different section of the city. Thus, for the present study, we aim to examine the parking behaviors of drivers, the duration of their parking, balance between demand and supply of parking vehicles, and their relationship with the parking management policies of the university. Additionally, this study will propose alternative transportation techniques and strategies to increase revenues (Boamahb 2016).

Framework of the Study

Traffic safety, management, and parking issues are major concerns of large universities. The number of students, native and international students and faculty’s use of vehicles make it difficult for university management to tackle the growing demand for parking lots. Although, universities have a large area the increasing numbers of disciplines, research centers and buildings for sports and alumni etc. make it impossible for university management to create new parking space in the existing area. Further, the crowd of traffic also becomes an important issue. This situation requires additional security as well managerial concerns (Boamahb 2016).

In the case of Beihang University, the transportation issues required more attention and care to handle them because of its central location in the city and facilities of research and mutual partnerships with government level institutions. A research study conducted at the Sharjah University of America, to investigate the issues of parking and alternative structures for meeting the parking needs of people. Further, this study examined the role of increased cost to meet the requirement of people. For achieving these goals, a survey study is conducted to investigate perceptions of people who use parking.

Results indicate that multi-level parking structure is not a good alternative. It has great impacts on surroundings including a mess of traffic, noise, and waste. Further, results indicated that university should plan and execute a comprehensive transportation plan which complies with the demand and supply of traffic in the campus area (Tahani Y. Al Hanaei 2007). This study recommends the importance of growing need for education and training programs to describe give awareness to the public about different modes of transportation available at the university campus. Moreover, the growing numbers of institutions and buildings required more place and a strategic planning to tackle issues in the university.

There exist other factors a well which contributes to campus traffic. These include staff residence and involvement of university in different projects with the private and public sector. The matter of the fact is that campus transportation becomes a great issue for the present time and future as well. an empirical study conducted at Beihang university indicate that growing numbers of buildings and new blocks, lowered the capacity of parking place and results are a shortage of parking space. For this purpose, researchers also gathered and analyzed drivers’ behaviors and attitude to parking duration and they’re in an on-going time (aijun 2007).

A study conducted by Barat, Cruz and Ferreira, (2011) discussed problems and solutions of the traffic problems in campus areas. Results indicated low parking price and over crowdedness. On the basis of these results, it an integrated parking management policies are suggested. These policies will encounter a logical use of parking space, initiate charges to increase revenues, and balances demand and supply of vehicles. It is also suggested that university management must attract people towards alternative parking and traffic solutions. Public transportation as an alternative approach may have positive impacts on traffic issues (Eduardo Barata 2011).

Related literature reveals that parking issue is the biggest problem in large-scale universities. The important point to note that literature related to parking issues does not examine the mode of transportation as an active variable. Thus, the study by Riggs, (2014) examined the mode of transportation as an active variable which may have positive role to tackle transport related issues. Therefore, this research study studied the impacts of travelers’ information system, parking price reforms and incentives affect the people’s attitude towards a public transport and non-motorized modes for both faculties, students and other clerical staff. Survey results indicated that many social factors and incentive programs have positive influence to provoke people to use public transportation facilities. Thus, the campus should also benchmark a desirable behavior which people intend to follow (WilliamRiggs 2014).

In the same manner, further research in the area focuses the phenomenon of construction of new parking lots. It was observed that construction of new parking lots is not cost effective as compared to the expansion of existing parking lots. Therefore, in 2013, the university has initiated to develop new parking lots but turned its focus towards outreach mode-shift to review the driving patterns of affected drivers. During the study, researchers analyze a shift in commute patterns of drivers.

This can be done because of a marketing campaign and but at the same time provided guidance about the alternative routes. This also indicated that one to one interaction with people also brought change in their commuting patterns. Results showed that people did not drive alone when they knew their targeted outreach. Thus, the research showed that this kind of programs proved effective and useful for urban cities universities campuses (Kuo 2015).

Literature reveals that increasing demand for parking is the major and increasing issue for the urban universities campuses. There exist much cause of this problem. Here, the most important point is to highlight the causes and attributes to park a vehicle in a certain place highly affected by social factors like reasons of visits, arrival and departure time are major factors to influence parking choices. For this purpose, a survey was conducted to assemble driver’s views who parked their cars, on regular basis. Analysis through discrete choice technique and binary logic model illustrated that along with these factors, parking fee, security and available parking facilities were important factors which should be kept in mind to prepare a parking plan for urban university campus (AMPANSIRIRAT 2011).

Review of the above research studies indicated that universities located at the center of an urban area require a sophisticated, integrated and strategic planning. There are numbers of reasons which imbalance the demand and supply of parking lots. Moreover, this continuous imbalance of two forces allows university management to take steps for solving these issues. Further, many strategies like alternative approaches, targeted outreach, and public awareness are recommended. The matter of the fact is these studies examine parking problems according to policy perspectives, review consumer’s thoughts but not include them while proposing a solution.

Thus, the main purpose of this study is to highlight the issues of parking and other traffic issues on the university campus of Beihang University. This study will adopt a research approach which incorporates consumers or drivers to point out the issues, they face in routine. Further, they will also suggest some potential recommendations to improve the parking conditions of the university. This new approach will give way to further developments on the campus. The matter of the facts is drivers’ involvement in the identification of problems and recommendations for improvements will provide a new and creative insight into the issues.

Research Question

Following will be the research questions of the current study;

1. What are common issues, drivers face while parking at Beihang University?

2. What are their proposed solutions to parking issues at Beihang University?

3. What will be the possible solutions to parking issues at Beihang University?

Methodology

Parking Structure of Beihang University

Beihang University occupied Xueyuan Road, the China’s heart of Silicon Valley. The campus can be divided into four components; staff residency zone, teaching area, students’ dormitory area and buildings for public activities. The matter of the fact is that as compared to teaching area, the residency area and public activity area have to face the main responsibility of traffic. The public area covers banks, shops, museum, playground, post offices, and hospitals. Thus, 442 parking lots are available in public areas and 662 in residents’ area. These parking lots provide parking facilities to outsiders as well. Thus, the case study mainly focuses the public area parking lots, their issues as explained by drivers, prospective solutions, and recommendations for future.

Design of Study

The research design will be the case study. This design allows us to examine the present phenomenon with all targeted aspects. Thus, the primary purpose of this study is to highlight the parking issues at Beihang University, China. Therefore, the parking lots located in public area of the campus will represent as a case in this study. Therefore descriptive survey research method will be employed to conduct current study. The descriptive survey is used to determine the current status of large population demographic information of the population (Kelley 2003).

The tool of the study is consist of a descriptive survey, consists of two parts, close-ended questions and open-ended questions. The close-ended questions will deal with the numbers of arrivals in campus, time spends on campus, and issues they face during parking in public area of the campus. On the other hand, open-ended questions will be designed to get their subjective ideas that how improvement would be made to improve quality of parking facilities. The use of a questionnaire as a tool to gather data in survey method as an instrument made it easy for researchers to analyze. It provided subjective information, easy administration, and generalization. It is also useful to measure attitudes which are difficult to measure with observational techniques (Levin 2009).

Process of Data Collection

There are two gates through which people can enter in the public area of the university. It is important for researchers to count the occupancy of each parking lot. Thus, for measuring the time span in university, researchers will distribute each entering vehicle a questionnaire in which time of their arrival will be mentioned. Researchers request drivers to return questionnaire when they exist. In this way, the researcher will be able to note their total time spending on campus.

This process will benefit the study in two ways, in the first way when researchers distribute questionnaire, they can measure the demand for parking lots in public area of the campus. Secondly, this process will also be useful even when people do not fill the questionnaire but researchers will note their exit time. The matter of the fact is that researchers will questionnaire within two consecutive days. Researchers will remain present at two gates for two days, from 9: am to 5: pm. The cost of this survey study will comprise of questionnaire papers and cost of photocopies.

Analysis Techniques

The data will be analyzed through statistical techniques, mean and standard deviation. These techniques highlight the numbers of people who use parking lots, regularly. On the other hand, researchers can compare the demand ratio among different parking lots. Further, the discrete choice model will be used to analyze the choice patterns of drivers to park in a specific parking lot. We assume that safety, parking fee, location, the distance between their visited building and nature of their visit are some factors which affect their parking behaviors.

On the next stage of the study, the geographical information system will be used to analyze the spatial patterns of university campus area. GIS is a technology which enables researchers to collect, analyze, store and interpret information regarding decision-making process and will be useful to problem-solving. This data will prove useful when cross-examines with the survey data. GIS information will inform about different elements or objects, their relationship and existence in the university area (Folger 2009).

Outcomes and Contribution to the Study

The primary purpose of this research study is to highlight the issues and demand of parking lots in public area of Beihang University. This study will be unique in the sense that it will involve consumers’ opinion, i.e. consumers’ information about their parking attitudes and problems. Further, they will also share their opinion that how parking facilities can be improved in future. Results will also prove useful for policymakers and traffic management to improve parking structure through the elimination of undesired elements and addition of required facilities. Thus, this will grab the people who park on the campus and create traffic issues.

Bibliography

aijun, SHANG Huayan LINWenji HUANGH. 2007. “Empirical Study of Parking Problem on

University Campus.” Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology 135-140.

AMPANSIRIRAT, Saksith CHALERMPONG & Nitipol. 2011. “Modeling Chulalongkorn University Campus Parking Demand .” Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies 566-574.

Boamahb, Anthony Filipovitcha & Emmanuel Frimpong. 2016. “A systems model for achieving optimum parking efficiency on campus: The case of Minnesota State University.” Transport Policy 86-96.

BUAA.Edu.CN. 2017. Beihang University. Accessed 11 13, 2017. http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/.

Eduardo Barata, LuisCruz, João-Pedro Ferreira. 2011. “Parking at the UC campus: Problems and solutions.” Cities 406-413.

Folger, Peter. 2009. Geospatial Information and Geographic Information Systems (GIS):

Current Issues and Future Challenges . New York: CRS Report for Congress.

Kelley, K., Clark, B., Brown, V. & Sitzia. J. 2003. “Good practice in the conduct and reporting of survey research. .” International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 15(3), 261-266. .

Kuo, William Riggs & Jessica. 2015. “The impact of targeted outreach for parking mitigation on the UC Berkeley campus.” Case Studies on Transport Policy 151-158.

Levin, J. & Fox, J. A. 2009. Elementary statistics in social research, (9th ed.). . India:: Pearson

Education Inc.

Tahani Y. Al Hanaei. 2007. AN INVESTIGATION OF PARKING PROBLEMS AND

ALTERNATIVES AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF SHARjah. American University

of Sharjah, .

WilliamRiggs. 2014. “Dealing with parking issues on an urban campus: The case of UC

Berkeley.” Case Studies on Transport Policy 168-176.

The transportation issues in Chinese Universities Yiling Zhang

10 / 18 / 2017

TA: Joshua Newton

Abstract

University campus traffic safety is an important part of a university safety management. With the increase in motor vehicle ownership and opening of new degree programs, the campus traffic safety issue has been required more attention. A detailed analysis of literature reveals that there are plenty of reasons such as lack of parking space, lack of traffic facilities and ignorance the traffic rules that cause the safety issues. Strengthen management, provision of basic equipment and awareness campaigns for all stakeholders are the primary suggestions to solve traffic safety issue in campus area.

Literature Review

The campus transportation system is an important part of college campus planning, along with the constant enlargement of the university campus space scale. The university campus in both China and America in terms of scale are part of the town. Most campus traffic issues arise due to the insufficient knowledge both at theoretical and application. The primary question of this research study is to explore the existing traffic safety issues within boundaries of a campus.

The rapid development of higher education, the number of college students are increasing. At the same time, increasing numbers of cars on the campus directly cause the parking issues. As the campus opens to the public and the function as a place of the logistics socialization. The vertical rate is increasing. In China, the system of the transportation is being messy and traffic accidents have been increased. To a certain extent, it dangerously influences campus security and stability.

A journal article, titled, “The university campus transportation status reasons and the countermeasure analysis” the author, Feiqi Wang studies the situation of the transportation system in universities in China and points out the issues they are facing right now. First of all, he mentioned that the defects of the system on safety management, which leads the campus traffic management University campus traffic safety management are generally self-management, but defense is not law enforcement, no right to punishment and pecans vehicles on campus, only the traffic police department has the right to deal with them. But in fact, the law enforcement not actively into the university campus, result in drivers don’t obey the management of security

guards, which is a serious threat to the campus traffic safety. In addition, lack of parking makes vehicles park on the road and the pavement encroachment on both sides. Most campuses have dormitory, classroom building, dining hall and restaurants, the repast and activities occupy the gap time between classes could easily cause accidents.

Another article named, “The transportation system in University campus.” The author also points out the vehicle parking issue, it has become the major concern for the university in China. He also states that another problem is faultiness of transportation infrastructure construction. The intersections in most of the campus do not have traffic lights, especially in the rush hour, there is also no commander control the mess. Lacking pedestrian crossing, traffic lights on the connecting parts for school and outside which leads transportation system into a bad situation.

Based on the article, “Transportation problems and it’s solution.” the authors mentioned the solution that universities use other than China to help develop the transportation system. They introduce, the University of California, Los Angeles has built 14 parking lot for the teachers and students and other employees around teaching and research building. Foreign business anchor on the side of the road of the campus the vehicles for short periods of time, need to make table billing. “STOP” signs around the campus all traffic intersection, It requires that the vehicles must make people preferred by through campus, and drew out the pedestrian. Don’t allow parking temporary parking Spaces, parking Spaces for disabled persons, seat and allow parking time limit clearly marked on the campus road.

The state university of New York: teaching areas prohibit motor vehicle, the school has the free shuttle for teachers and students, seven days a week, and run 20 hours a day. The campus vehicle

shall not exceed 15 miles per hour. At the University of Auckland, New Zealand: teaching central district road shall practice a system ban of a motor vehicle, in addition to the use of the vehicle bus, bicycle, the disabled, other than the university bus and implement emergency service vehicles and other vehicles shall be no thoroughfare. And the cars be allowed to pass through this section, the speed to strict rules has to be 10 km and under. Dublin Institute of technology set the electronic signs at the school gate, the route and parking areas, clear cites the driving directions and parking areas, the vertical is banned in teaching central district.

According all the research showed above, lack of parking space, incomplete system management and lack of traffic facilities are the main reason that may cause potential safety issues. Because of the national condition differences, parking inside the university in America is much easier than in China. The main reason is America has a complete system. First of all, the large amount of parking structure takes over the campus area in universities in America. Parking permit plays the important role for the students and teachers who drive to school.

The person who owns the permit would be able to park at the designated areas. Base on the University of California San Diego, there are six type permits, which include faculty and senior staff parking, staff and graduate student parking, students parking, off-peak hours staff parking, night & weekend parking and motorcycle parking. For those who do not have a parking permit, the parking kiosk can be seen everywhere on the campus. The parking charge by hours which is

$2 per hour or purchase whole day for $20, cash and card are both acceptable, once finish the paying, take out the receipt that it printed and then leave it inside the car on the front of the windscreen.

A book named “Modern urban transportation system” that wrote by Lihua Piao said, In 1990, President Bush formally published the Disabilities Act (Americans with Disability Act of 1990, “ADA”). In 2010, the U.S. justice department updates the ADA design specifications, the design in the parking lot must make the pledge that we shall have a barrier-free under 25 parking space;100 parking Spaces below must have five disabled parking space. The blue background with white Symbol of a wheelchair, as an International common barrier-free facilities marks (English name International Symbol of Access), sometimes this logo draws on the ground. Without a parking permit, the car that on the disabled parking spot can get ticket. The campus transportation planning is part of the whole campus planning.

The article, “The sustainable development of the modern university campus traffic planning research” The author Xiaonian Xie mentioned that the traffic is not only an important carrier of entertainment for student campus life, it also affects campus management tools. Transportation is the core of school management, in the whole school management and planning should cause more attention. Zongbo Tan mentioned in his book “urban planning” For solving the traffic problems, not an isolated one-sided consideration, everything is developing and connected. The campus transportation needs to work together on various aspects.

Traffic problems on campus are about all the teachers and students in school and the vital interests of the faculty, everyone is closely linked, school leaders, teachers, students should actively take action. In addition, the transportation issues need a lot of knowledge of discipline and coordination of various departments. The campus transportation management requires strong leadership. Promoting in the campus traffic planning decision-making, engaged in transportation

research of the teacher’s voice. Professional people do professional thing, it can only be scientific and rationale for the campus through the planning and design.

The campus transportation management should be heavy-handed and geared of all people. some university campus in order to meet the needs of a growing number of motor vehicles, road planning, construction, and campus management policy is too tilted to the car, and non-motor vehicle not only lanes to motor vehicles, but also start parking on the sidewalk, the campus is turning into the car campus, which leads to traffic congestion, increase the incidence of accidents, campus environment pollution issues and so on. Therefore, the campus transportation management and planning should let more people feel equal.

There is some advice for developing the transportation system in the universities in China. First of all, further improve the transportation system. The principal should carefully prevent the campus traffic accident, comprehensive grasp the campus traffic safety facilities, parking facilities planning for further detailed baseline screening. Screening results to establish archives, form a complete campus road transportation management information, insist on regular screening per semester, grasp the campus road traffic safety situation and to carry out the targeted management to find the weak links, prevent the school traffic accident and maintain campus stability.

School should make a plan for hiring guards and security management professional training and supervise security guards, strengthen the road patrol, dissuade in time if find a dangerous driving situation. Secondly, try to raise the level of transportation safety. The traffic administrative department of the school needs to strengthening the management of campus road driving, speeding, retrograde and parking not follow the provisions. Third, develop on traffic

facilities, such as build signal lights and “STOP” sign just as other universities outside the China, and also limit the vehicles that can enter to school. At the same time, strengthening the traffic safety education of students.

So they can understand the meaning of various types of traffic signals and improve self-protection ability to reduce the campus traffic accident. Fourth, standardize the management of shuttle and bus. School should hire the drivers who own the bone professional morals, experienced and with a great record and then signed a letter of responsibility for safe driving and in order to establish the corresponding education and management system. Strengthening the school bus driver education and management, to improve the driver’s traffic safety awareness. Fifth, cooperation and cooperation, strengthen the linkage with the local law enforcement agencies.

The relevant departments of the school should take the practical work of the school road traffic safety as a practical implementation of the scientific concept of development, build a harmonious campus, safeguard the fundamental profit of the teachers and students, strengthen the communication of information, actively cooperate and take practical measures to strengthen. Strengthen the contact with the local executive departments such as traffic police and cooperation. One is conducive to the school security department of business guidance, while helping the security sector strengthen the campus traffic safety publicity and management efforts to help deal with campus traffic accidents and motor vehicles violations; the second is to help schools to strengthen the school gate and the surrounding traffic and keep in in order, to ensure the safety of teachers and students.

Lastly, scientifically and targeted to plan the construction of campus transport infrastructure, increase investment, improve the mechanism, improve the scientific and technological content. In view of the risks of school traffic safety, the school should increase the capital investment and improve all kinds of transportation facilities. The current campus traffic management system cannot meet the needs of the development of colleges and universities. Standardized parking management, effective control of outside vehicles, so as to achieve the reduction of motor vehicle traffic on campus, reduce traffic accidents and create a good campus traffic environment.

The article named, “Analysis of the Current Situation of University Campus.” Junbing Xu mentioned that some colleges and universities have established the traffic management mode of the campus intelligent contact IC card ( A plastic card containing a computer chip and enabling the holder to purchase goods and services) induction system, and the campus traffic order has obviously improved, and the campus traffic accident is obviously reduced.

In sum, the traffic management of colleges and universities related to the peace of the staff and students, related to the safety and stability of colleges and universities, which requires us to give full play to the role of university traffic managers in the work of scientific development concept of continuous learning, exploration and practice in order to make the university’s traffic management work to keep up with the pace of the times, and truly for the safe campus construction.

Reference

Feiqi Wang, “The university campus transportation status reasons and the countermeasure analysis” , Time Education, September, 2012

Caixia Zhu “The transportation system in University campus.” , Zhengzhou, 2008 Zhongying Shi, “Transportation problems and it’s solution.”, 2013

Lihua Piao , “Modern urban transportation system” 38-45, People’s Education Press, 2015

Xiaonian Xie and Tong Yao“The sustainable development of the modern university campus traffic planning research”

Zongbo Tan, “urban planning” , Tsinghua University, 216-284, 2005

Junbing Xu, “Analysis of the Current Situation of University Campus.”, Hubei, 2012

You have a good start here, but most of this reads more like an annotated bibliography (summaries of readings) than a literature review (putting authors in conversation). Also, part of the paper where you make recommendations seems out of place. My main concern though, when looking at your story board, is how you will turn this into a research project. Transportation at Chinese universities seems a bit broad. Are you possibly going to do a case study of a particularly effective Chinese university? Are you interested in a particular aspect of transportation? It seems like you wrote a lot on parking. Are you interested in how effective universities deal with the issue of parking demand? In moving toward the proposal, I think you need to narrow your idea down a bit more. I think you are at the topic phase and now need to move into the specific research question phase. Also, the formatting of your works cited doesn’t have enough detail so I can’t be sure if these articles are peer-reviewed or not, but I do notice you have no books included. Dr. Pezzoli wanted you to have at least 2 books in your literature review.

Data Collection and Strategic Plan

Yiling Zhang Dr. Pezzoli USP

1

86 1

2

/11/2

0

17

1. List SRP Title, Question, Answer and Key Term definitions

(

1

)

(a) Title of SRP

Increasing vehicle ownership by local and international students resulting Traffic Safety

issues in Chinese Universities

(b) Revised Abstract

Title could use some work…this more points to the problem instead of your actual research.

In China, the traffic safety issues occurred due to the increasing vehicle ownership and increasing rate of admission of students in the new degree programs. Therefore, extensive research on the secondary resources would reveal the major causes were creating the campus traffic safety issues, and the measures are suggested which university management could take to solve the traffic issues in the Chinese Universities. The increasing numbers of local as well as international students admissions in the universities are asking for more parking lots so that to tackle the issue of lack of parking spots. In this instance, the Beihang University of China is selected to provide specific case analysis and the certain solutions are recommended through taking help from the literature review and responses of the participants. However, the primary data for the research is collected through the questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive

statistics method.

Your abstract is unclear, but I see a working project here.

Annotated References

1. SHANG, Huayan, L. I. N. Wenji, and Haijun HUANG. “Empirical study of a parking problem on the university campus.” Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 7, no. 2 (2007): 13

5

-140.

2.

This is a journal article representing an empirical study of a parking problem on the

university campuses. This resource matters as it provides detailed analysis on the parking issues and its causes in University along with that suggest overcoming this issue.

3. Barata, Eduardo, Luis Cruz, and João-Pedro Ferreira. “Parking at the UC campus: Problems and solutions.” Cities, vol. 28, no. 5 (2011): 406-413.

This journal articles I considered as it is based on the parking issues held in UC campus which is directly associated with our research topic. This source is significant as it provides solid solutions to the parking problem.

4. Riggs, William. “Dealing with parking issues on an urban campus: The case of UC Berkeley.” Case Studies on Transport Policy, vol. 2, no. 3 (2014): 168-176.

This is a certain case study related to the parking problems on the Urban University campus. It is an important resource to be considered as it gives a detailed understanding of how to deal with the parking issues in the urban campuses.

Need a lot more here in terms of summary and importance to your study.

(c) The precise question

What are the issues drivers faces while parking in the Beihang University of China?

(d) Key Term

· Vehicle ownership

Good…clear and concise.

The written authenticity of a vehicle to be owned by a person registered under his/her name having certain proof is termed as the vehicle ownership.

· Traffic Safety

The condition of motor vehicles being secured and protected from any risk, threat, injury, danger or any harm is known as traffic safety.

· Parking

The act of disengaging a motor vehicle or leaving it to a secured place where it is permitted to be retained is known as parking.

Need more detail on these…especially within context of your study.

2. Evidence

Data Collection

The methods that are used to collect data on the research topic are qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The data collected through these methods give a clear description of the transportation issues in Chinese Universities.

· Primary Data

The primary data is collected by giving the questionnaire to different candidates who gave their responses to the campus traffic issues in Chinese Universities.

· Secondary Data

Secondary data is collected from the peer-reviewed journal articles which explicitly give information about the issues of parking in universities of China and the possible solutions to overcome this issue.

Research Design

To research the topic the proper framework is considered, and in this regard the type of research designs considered for this topic is:

· Descriptive Research

The collected data is analyzed and interpreted by the descriptive research and the correlation between the variables is evaluated.

Review

The reviewing methods are utilized to find out the causes of traffic problems and the solutions to overcome this complication in the context of Chinese universities.

The Sampling Plan

The sampling method that will be used for this research is:

Simple Random sampling

The simple random sampling approach would use that is conducted by making a subset of the population.

Analysis

The data is analyzed by generating a result on the data which is put into SPSS and afterward the detailed report is given on the results.

Methods section needs a lot of work. There is a lot of detail missing here. What actual work will you do? How will you accomplish a study of China? Why did you choose the methods you did? How will they answer your questions? I remember this section being better in your proposal. Overall, I think you will be fine after reading your proposal, but you needed to communicate it better here. GRADE: 17/20

Timeline

Source of Evidence / How you will get access to it	Strength/Weakness	Timeline (when will you be finished collecting this evidence)?
1. On-line archive	This source would be effective as it provides options to get information about the research topic.	December 5, 2017- December 8, 2017
2. Archives of an off-campus organization	It would be a useful resource having solid references related to the problem I am studying.	December 8, 2017- December 10, 2017
3. Case study	It would be a specific case study which will provide specific, to-the-point information related to my topic.	December 10, 2017- December 13, 2017

3. Overarching Timeline of SRP task Timeline

1

17-Dec-17

18-Dec-17

0

Task	Start Date	End Date	Duration
SRP Draft	6-Dec-17	8-Dec-17	2
Final SRP	9-Dec-17	14-Dec-17	5
Poster	15-Dec-17	16-Dec-17
3-4 minutes Video		17-Dec-17		0
Urban expo		18-Dec-17

Gantt chart

(
30-Dec-99 8-Sep-13 18-May-27 24-Jan-41 3-Oct-54 11-Jun-68 18-Feb-82 28-Oct-95 6-Jul-09 15-Mar-23 21-Nov-36
SRP

Draft
Final

SRP
Poster
3-4 minutes

Video
Urban

expo
)

97 valid questionnaires were 81 said school should strengthen the control of external vehicle, 83.5% of the total.14 says schools should strengthen the communication with society, appropriate ease restrictions on outside the vehicle into the campus, 14.4% of the total;Two said doesn’t matter, almost no effect with their lives.

policemen direct signal light road traffic sign and markings

no control other safety facilities signal light and policemen and signal light

sign/markings

0%：other

1% : bus

7%: car

8%: motorcycle

15%: walk

69%: bicycle