USA: +1(669)289-8683 
Sign in
I have attached the worksheet that needs to be completed. I also attached the poewrpoint slide to help answer the questions on the worksheet.
|
Title ABC/ 1 23 Version X |
1 |
Personality and the Psychoanalytic Perspective Worksheet
PSY/250 Version 9
1
University of Phoenix Material
Personality and the Psychoanalytic Perspective Worksheet
Answer the following questions using the text, the University Library, the Internet, and other appropriate resources. Your responses should be 175 to 260 words each.
1. How would you describe personality to a person who has no knowledge of the field of personality psychology?
2. What are some key personality features that define you?
3. Are your personality features consistent, or do they change according to the situation?
4. What are the main tenets of the psychoanalytic perspective of personality? What do all psychoanalytic theories have in common?
Complete the following table:
|
Theorist |
Main components of his theory (90 words minimum) |
Significant differences between the two (90 words minimum) |
|
Freud |
||
|
Jung |
Copyright © XXXX by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2016 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Theories of Personality
Freud & Jung
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Psychoanalytic Personality Theories
Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality
Sigmund Freud – Classical Psychoanalysis
Carl Jung – Analytical Psychology
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Sigmund Freud – Classical Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
The Unconscious
Structures of Personality
Intrapsychic Conflict
Personality Development
Psychoanalytic Treatment
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Sigmund Freud
Born in 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia
Had 7 siblings
Graduated from the University of Vienna with a degree in medicine
Became a clinical neurologist
Developed the theory of psychoanalysis based on his experiences with clients who suffered from psychological disorders, mainly hysteria
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Sigmund Freud
Development of Psychoanalysis
Sought to understand the biological factors that contribute to mental dysfunction
Derived main background of theory from laws of physics
Newton’s proposition that matter is unchanging until it is acted upon by energy
Translated this view to the psyche and believed it needed energy in order to be properly explained
Mainly based on archaic ideas from physics, a limited comprehension of the nervous system, and an inability to see other possible factors that could contribute to the human experience
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
The Unconscious
Levels of Consciousness
Conscious
Experiences that occur when a person is aware
Intentional behaviors
Preconscious
Information that is not being intentionally thought about or used at a specific time, but can be readily brought to conscious thought if necessary
Unconscious
Mental processes outside of conscious awareness
Can include events that have been repressed, motives for behavior, motives for dreams
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
The Unconscious
Physical Symptoms
Conversion Hysteria
Happens when unconscious conflicts produce physical symptoms that are perceived to be physical illness or disease, but there are no medical physical causes
Hypnosis
A state of consciousness that is dissociated from regular human experience
Can alter perceptual experiences
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
The Unconscious
Psychosis
Severe mental disorder in which the patient has lost touch with reality and experiences the world based on the unconscious through hallucinations and delusions
Dreams
“The royal road to the unconscious”
Sleep relaxes the restraints that the conscious has over the unconscious, allowing content from the unconscious to travel to awareness
Sleep disguises unconscious desires through creating symbolic dreams
Manifest content – the surface content of the dream
Latent content – the unconscious meaning of the dream (usually hidden)
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
The Unconscious
The Unconscious in Everyday Life
Freudian Slips
An error in speech, hearing, or behavior that appears to be psychologically motivated by the unconscious
Humor
Thought to be a safe expression of repressed conflict
Tension is released through the joke, providing pleasure
Projective Tests
Tests that reveal unconscious material through the presentation of ambiguous stimuli
Rorschach inkblot test
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Structures of Personality
Id
Pleasure Principle: behaviors are motivated by seeking pleasure and avoiding pain
Libido
Sexual instinct that is the source of psychic energy
Eros
Life instinct that is responsible for behaviors that promote life and love
Thanatos
Death instinct that is destructive and leads us toward inevitable death
Most primitive structure of personality
Functions purely on instinctive processes
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Structures of Personality
Ego
Reality Principle: motivates behavior based on the external world
Secondary Process
Allows for delay of gratification
Characterized by logical thought
Defense Mechanisms
Used by a weak ego to adapt to reality
Strategies for coping with unconscious conflict
If the ego is not able to function, a psychotic episode will occur
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Structures of Personality
Superego
Representative of societal and familial rules and restrictions
Ego Ideal
The image of what we would like to be, which forms our internal standards for behavior
Sense of morality is immature and rigid
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Intrapsychic Conflict
Conflict between the structures of personality
Energy Hypothesis
Personality has a limited amount of energy
Energy that is being used for one purpose is unavailable for use in dealing with current reality
Anxiety
Neurotic – id impulses may become expressed
Moral – fear of guilt
Reality – current reality threatens potential danger
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Intrapsychic Conflict
Defense Mechanisms
Denial: individual refuses to acknowledge a painful reality
Reaction Formation: the unconscious desire is unacceptable in reality so it is repressed, and the opposite behavior is presented in an exaggerated form
Projection: the unacceptable desire of the individual is thought to belong to another person
Displacement: transfers the focus of energy from one object to another
Identification: adopting another person’s identity by merging with one’s own
Isolation: unpleasant thoughts are dissociated from other thinking
Rationalization: disguising true motives by giving rational reasons for behavior instead
Intellectualization: focusing on thinking instead of feeling; ignores recognition of an impulse by excessive explanation
Sublimation: considered to be the most healthy strategy
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Personality Development
Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development
Oral (birth to 12 months)
Conflict: weaning
Anal (1 to 3 years)
Conflict: toilet training
Phallic (3 to 5 years)
Conflict: masturbation and Oedipus/Electra conflicts
Latency (5 years to puberty)
Genital (puberty to adulthood)
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Personality Development
Oral Stage
Erogenous zone centers on the mouth
First phase involves swallowing what is good and spitting up what is bad
Second phase involves biting what enters the mouth
Fixation results in optimism, passivity, and dependency
Conflict with fixation can lead to the opposite results
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Personality Development
Anal Stage
Feelings of pleasure surround the anus
Pleasure is first experienced by the ability to retain feces (anal retentive)
Pleasure is then experienced by defecation (anal expulsive)
Fixation may be expressed through issues with money
Anal character: characterized by orderliness, parsimony, and obstinacy
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Personality Development
Phallic Stage
Erogenous zone centers around the genitals
Oedipus Conflict
A young boy’s feelings of sexual desire toward his mother and aggression toward his father
Castration Anxiety
Fear that the penis will be cut off
Motivates behavior for young boys at this stage
Effects of Fixation
Can lead to difficulty in forming the superego, gender-role identity, and sexuality
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Personality Development
Latency Stage
Sexual instincts are calm
Genital Stage
Last of the psychosexual stages
Child develops the ability to experience sexual satisfaction with another person
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Psychoanalytic Treatment
Therapeutic Techniques
Free Association: the patient will recall whatever may come to mind at a specific moment in therapy
Insight: recognizing one’s motivation and unconscious conflicts
Catharsis: release of emotion when previously unconscious information is brought into conscious awareness
Transference: a patient’s displacement of feelings onto the therapist in a therapy session
Countertransference: projective reactions from the therapist to the patient, usually based on unresolved conflicts
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Carl Jung – Individual Psychology
Carl Jung
The Structure of Personality
Symbolism and the Collective Unconscious
Therapy
Synchronicity
Psychological Types
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Carl Jung
Born in Kesswil, in the Swiss canton of Thurgan
Was a psychiatrist and psychotherapist, and founded analytic psychology
Worked with Freud but separated to build upon his own ideas
Best known concepts by Jung include the archetype, collective unconscious, the complex, and extraversion and introversion
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
The Structure of Personality
The Personality as a Whole
Self: the fully integrated personality of an individual
Compensation: describes the relationship between the unconscious and conscious; the unconscious will provide what is missing from consciousness to form a complete personality
Individuation: the process of becoming a completely developed person
Transcendent Function: integrates all aspects of personality to be unified
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
The Structure of Personality
Ego
Persona
Shadow
Anima and Animus
Collective Unconscious
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Symbolism and the Collective Unconscious
Anima or animus and the shadow constitute the personal unconscious; developed from unique experiences
Collective unconscious in an inherited unconscious made up of many archetypes
Believed that the unconscious manifests in symbols
Symbols form where conscious and unconscious meet
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Therapy
Jung’s therapy focused on dreams and symbolic representations, similar to Freud
Did not emphasize the past as the cause for psychological difficulties
Regarded the unconscious as an ally, not an enemy
Personal growth in therapy is toward greater wholeness; parts of the psyche that have been separated must be rejoined
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Synchronicity
Jung believed the collective unconscious forms the basis for paranormal activity
Jung studied spiritualism and was fascinated with ESP and mental telepathy
Synchronicity is a principle where events are determined by transpersonal forces rather than causes generally understood by science
*
Page
© 2015 University of Phoenix, Inc. | All rights reserved
Psychological Types
Jung believed personality was based on the individual’s orientation toward one side of a psychological type
Psychological types represent a person’s pattern toward:
Introversion/extroversion
Thinking/feeling
Sensation/intuition
College of Social Sciences
College of Social Sciences
