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PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENTFinal Exam 1. During which phase of a product’s life cycle does low unit cost become a top competitive priority?a. Introductionb. Growthc. Maturityd. Decline 2. Steel mills, paint factories and credit card authorization are examples of a. Projectsb. Job shopc. Flow processd. Continuous flow 3. A process map (flow chart) a. Is boundary-lessb. Does not include information flowc. Is used as a baselined. Must include a line of customer visibility 4. A(n) ________________ is a group of ________________ needed to create and deliver an intermediate or final output.a. Process; value chainsb. Activity; tasksc. Task; activitiesd. Activity; processes 5. Which is the correct order of hierarchy?a. Activity, task, process, value chainb. Value chain, process, task, activityc. Process, value chain, activity, taskd. Value chain, process, activity, task6. Explain why the product-process matrix does not transfer well to services.7. Discuss both a process map (flow chart) and a process boundary. Why is each important? 8. All of the following are valid purposes for layout studies except a. Minimize delays in materials handling and customer movementb. Increase bottlenecksc. Promote employee morale and customer satisfactiond. maintain flexibility 9. A ____________ layout is an arrangement based on the sequence of operations that are performed during the manufacturing of a good or the delivery of a service.a. Productb. Processc. Groupd. Fixed position 10. ____________ is vertical expansion of job duties to give the worker more responsibility.a. Job enlargementb. Job rotationc. Job enrichmentd. Job design 11. Considering ergonomics, which of the following does not fit?a. Improving productivityb. Group technologyc. Designing equipment and instrumentationd. Considering physical capability of people 12. A ____________ performs entire jobs rather than specialized, assembly line work.a. Virtual teamb. Self-managed teamc. Natural work teamd. Ergonomic team 13. ____________ set their own goals and inspects their own work, often hire their own replacements and prepare their own budgets.a. Virtual teamsb. Enlarged teamsc. Sociotechnical teamsd. Self-managed teams14. Discuss four reasons for conducting a facility-layout study. 15. Which of the following is a short-term capacity decision?a. Expanding the size and number of beds in a hospitalb. Amount of warehouse space to rent for a new promotional itemc. Closing down a distribution centerd. Changing the cooking technology in a chain of fast-food restaurants 16. A measure of capacity that generally does not include adjustments for preventive maintenance or unplanned downtime is called a. Sustainable capacityb. Effective capacityc. Theoretical capacityd. Safety capacity 17. According to the Theory of Constraints, ____________ is the amount of money generated per time period through actual sales. a. Throughputb. Non-Bottleneck (NBN) work activityc. Non-physical constraintd. Utilization 18. Inventory that has been ordered but not yet received and is in transit is called a. Raw materialsb. Pipelinec. Anticipationd. Cycle 19. Using ABC analysis, continuous monitoring and accurate record keeping relates best to ____________ items.a. Ab. Bc. Cd. B and C 20. Which of the following is not a key assumption underlining the classic economic order quantity model?a. The entire order quantity arrives in the inventory at one timeb. There are only two types of relevant costs: order/setup and inventory-holdingc. Storage/warehouse capacity is a bottleneck/constraintd. Allows no stockouts21. Define and explain the four (4) different types of inventory costs. 22. W. Edwards Deming’s success in Japan was his ability to teach quality specialists rather than upper management? (True or False) 23. The Deming philosophy focuses on bringing about improvements in product and service quality by reducing uncertainty and variability in goods and services design and associated processes.(True or False)24. The quality system should clearly state the action that should be taken and what should be done with non-conforming items. (True or False) 25. All of the following are components of the GAP model except a. The discrepancy between delighting or pleasing customers and total customer service and satisfactionb. The discrepancy between management’s perceptions of what features constitute a target level of quality and the task of translating these perceptions into executable specificationsc. The discrepancy between quality specifications documented in operating and training manuals and plans and their implementationd. The difference between the customer’s expectations and perceptions 26. Which of the following is not considered part of Total Quality?a. A focus on the customers and stakeholdersb. A process focusc. Participation and team workd. Six Sigma 27. All of the following relate to Six Sigma except a. Clear financial returnsb. Measures defects per unitc. Output critical to customersd. A stretch goal 28. Machine down time and down grading costs are examples of which type of quality cost?a. Preventionb. Appraisalc. Internal-failured. External-failure29. Resources are limited, project managers try to level resource loads by shifting activities between early start dates and late start dates shifted schedules. (True or False) 30. Which of the following is incorrect regarding time/cost trade-offs?a. The relationship between time and cost is assumed to be linearb. Some activities cannot be crashedc. To minimize cost, managers need not focus on the critical path(s)d. Managers search for the minimum-cost crash schedule 31. Which statement is true regarding activities not on the critical path?a. Usually cannot be delayedb. Have less slack than activities on the critical pathc. Can delay a project if they are highly variabled. Are used to crash project completion times 32. Slack does all the following except33. Discuss the three key factors of the project-planning process.34. Describe the four major steps in the project-planning process.35. Explain the purpose of Gantt charts.
