Portfolio Project

Hello, 

Please see attached instructions, thanks. 

Barb. 

Portfolio Project: Legal and Ethical Dilemma Case Study Evaluation

Your Portfolio Project provides an opportunity to evaluate a real-world ethical dilemma from the perspective of the healthcare/hospital administrator. You will use your skills and knowledge of ethics and health law as well as role-playing to create a postmortem evaluation plan for prevention of future situations to present to your Senior Leadership team and the Board of Governors. A postmortem analysis is performed after the fact to evaluate the situation and identify a plan for prevention of future incidents.

I’ve chosen
Case#6 In re Mary O’ Conner
on end-of-life on pages 297-298 in Contemporary Issues in Healthcare Law and Ethics. Please see attached PDF’s file.

Write a 12-15 pages report evaluating this case and providing recommendations of this case. Your report should address the following substantive requirements:

· Description of what occurred, who was affected, and rationale

· Assessment

of the case from the following perspectives:

· Ethical – describe the ethical principles involved and expectations for all involved.

· Legal – define and argue the legal implications for each party. Explain health laws involved and the influence of the legal environment at the time of this case.

· Regulatory compliance – examine regulatory standards and compliance involved.

· Health reform – illustrate how this case and your role as administrator are different now due to changes in health law and expectations from health reform.

· Recommendations

– argue at least three recommendations for the current and future prevention of this type of situation in your facility.

· Action plan for prevention – create an action plan for prevention explaining how you would implement these recommendations.

Your report should meet the following structural requirements:

· Be 12-15 pages in length, not including the cover or reference pages.

· Be formatted according to the
CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA Requirements
.

· Provide support for your statements with in-text citations from a minimum of ten (10) scholarly articles. Five (5) of these sources may be from the class readings, textbook, or lectures, but at least five (5) must be external. The CSU-Global Library is a good place to find these references.

· Use correct terminology pertaining to the law and ethics

· Utilize the following headings to organize the content in your work.

· Introduction and Description

· Assessment
· Recommendations

· Action Plan for Prevention

· Conclusion

Require:

Plagiarism % must be less than 17%

I have also attached APA format sample for your reference. Please make the portfolio essay paper exactly to the attached APA format essay style.

Thanks,

Barb.

Runninghead: INSERT FIRST 50 CHARACTERS OF TITLE 1

SAMPLE PAPER

Identifying the Best Practices in

Strategic Management

Gertrude Steinbeck

ORG500 – Foundations of Effective Management

Colorado State University – Global Campus

Dr. Stephanie Allong

August 6, 2015

Page numbers
should be inserted

in the top right
corner.

The Running head is required for CSU-Global
APA Requirements. The title page should

have the words, Running head: followed by
the first 50 characters of the title in call

caps. Use the template paper located in the
Library  under  the  “APA  Guide  &  Resources”  
link for a paper that is already formatted in

APA.

Papers should be
typed in a 12 pt,

Times New Roman
font with 1 inch
margins on all 4

sides and the entire
paper is double

spaced.

Information on the Title
Page is centered in the

top half of the paper. All
major words should be

capitalized and not bold.

IDENTIFYING THE BEST PRACTICES IN STRATEGIC

2

Identifying the Best Practices in Strategic Management

Strategic management and corporate sustainability are two important dynamics of

modern-day organizations. It is important for organizational leaders to have an understanding of

the theoretical applications of strategic management as a means of addressing corporate

sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to provide definitions and an understanding of

strategic management and corporate sustainability. An overview of the Walgreen Company, the

organization of study, is also provided in order to understand how the company has utilized

strategic management to implement sustainability initiatives for long-term financial performance.

Strategic Management

The function of management is to plan, organize, lead, and control the operations of an

organization (Robbins & Coulter, 2007) and includes strategic management. Strategic

management is an approach in which organizations create a competitive advantage, enhance

productivity, and establish long-term financial performance. Chandler (as cited in Whittington,

2008) defines  strategy  as  “the  determination  of  the  basic  long-term goals and objectives of an

enterprise, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for

carrying  out  these  goals”  (p. 268). Similarly, Wheelen and Hunger (2008) define strategic

management as the managerial decisions and actions of an organization that achieve long-run

performance of the business, with benefits such as:

 Clearer sense of vision for the organization

 Sharper focus on what is strategically important

 Improved understanding of a changing environment

The Strategic Management Model (SMM) provides the framework for integrating strategic

planning into an organization so that the aforementioned benefits are realized.

All subsequent pages should
only have the first 50

characters  of  the  paper’s  title  
in all caps for the running head.

Repeat the title of your paper at the
beginning. This is not a header;

therefore it is not to be bold, but all
major words are capitalized. Do not add
a header at the beginning of your paper

as the first paragraph should clearly
identify the objective of your paper.

Each paragraph
should be indented
½ inch or 5 spaces

from the left
margin.

A level 1 header should be bold,
centered and all major words

capitalized. See
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl

/resource/560/16/on how to
format headings in APA.

If you using a source (Whittington) that is
citing another author (Chandler), use the
author’s  last  name  found  in  your source
(Chandler) at the beginning of your
sentence followed by the citation – (as
cited in Your Source, year). Only the source
you are reading (Whittington) will be listed
in your references. See
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resour
ce/560/09/for more information

Spell phrase out the first
time in document with

acronym in parentheses.
From that point forward,
the acronym can be used.

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/16/

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/16/

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/09/

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/09/

IDENTIFYING THE BEST PRACTICES IN STRATEGIC

3

Strategic Management Model

Research indicates as the concept of strategic management evolved, many

theoretical models were proposed. Ginter, Ruck, and Duncan (1985) identify eight

elements of the normative strategic model: vision and mission; objective setting; external

environmental scanning; internal environmental scanning; strategic alternatives; strategy

selection; implementation; and control. Long (as cited in Ginter et al., 1985) stated that

normative  strategic  management  models  are  an  “explicit,  intentional, planned and rational

approach”  (p.  581)  to  management.  Similar  to  Ginter  et  al.,  Wheelen  and  Hunger  (2008)  

established the SMM (see Figure 1) which includes four main elements: environmental

scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and evaluation and control.

Environmental scanning is the monitoring, evaluating, and extracting of information from

the external and internal environments in order for management to establish plans and

make decisions. Strategy formulation includes creating long-term plans for the

organization, including the mission, objectives, strategies and policies. Strategy

implementation is the process of executing policies and strategies in order to achieve the

mission and objectives. Evaluation and control require monitoring the performance of the

organization and adjusting the process as necessary in order to achieve desired results

(Wheelen & Hunger, 2008).

The SMM assumes the organizational learning theory, which states that an

organization adapts to the changing environment and uses gathered knowledge to

improve the fit between itself and the environment. The SMM also assumes the

organization be a learning organization in which the gathered knowledge can be used to

change behavior and reflect new knowledge (Wheelen & Hunger, 2008).

This is an example of how to cite authors
using a narrative citation. The year must

follow  the  author’s  last  name  in  parentheses.  
The authors are being used as a part of a

sentence,  therefore  the  word  “and”  is  used  
and not  the  symbol  “&.”

A level 2 header should
be bold, left-justified
and all major words

capitalized.
When citing 3-5 authors, list all the
authors the first time (see above)

and then use et al. for the following
in-text citations. If you have 6 or
more authors, use et al. for all in-

text citations.

When quoting, you must include the
page number or the paragraph

number of where you found the
quote and cite the source and/or page

number immediately after the
quotation marks even it if it is in the

middle of a sentence.

IDENTIFYING THE BEST PRACTICES IN STRATEGIC 4

Environmental
Scanning

Strategy
Formulation

Strategy
Implementation

Evaluation
and

Control
External:

Opportunities
Threats

Mission
Objectives
Strategies
Policies

Programs

Budgets
Procedures

Performance

Societal
Environmental

Task Environmental

Internal:
Strengths
Weaknesses

Structure
Culture

Resources
Figure 1. The strategic management model was adapted from Strategic management and business policy
(11th ed.) by T. L. Wheelen, & J. D. Hunger, 2008, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Corporate Sustainability

In addition to enhancing financial performance through strategic management,

organizational leaders have the responsibility of increasing shareholder value through

corporate sustainability (Epstein, 2008). Corporate sustainability is defined in a variety of

ways. Hollingworth (2009) described  a  sustainable  organization  as  “one  that  strives  for  

and achieves 360-organizational  sustainability”  (p.  1).  The author claimed an

organization is sustainable when it can endure, or maintain, over a long-term without

permanently damaging or depleting resources including: the organization itself; its human

resources (internal and external); the community/society/ethno-sphere; and the  planet’s  

environment. He then claimed that if one of the four resources is not sustainable, issues

with the remaining resources will eventually develop (Hollingworth, 2009). Brundtland

(as cited in Epstein, 2008) described sustainability as the economic development that

addresses the needs of the present generation without depleting resources needed by

When using a Figure in your paper, make sure there
is no title above the figure. Underneath the figure
you  must  have  the  word,  “Figure”  italicized  and  the  
figure number in your paper followed by a period.

Then mention where the information was adapted or
general information about the figure. Follow the

example above. Notice it does not follow the
reference citation format.

1

2
3

When you are using the same source for a
paragraph, you need to start the paragraph with

a 1- narrative citation, 2- refer to the author
again so your reader knows you are still talking

about the same author (try not to use pronouns
such  as  “he”  or  “she”  as  APA  believes  this  could  

lead to a gender bias, and 3-end the paragraph
with a parenthetical citation.

IDENTIFYING THE BEST PRACTICES IN STRATEGIC 5

future generations Epstein (2008) adds to the definition from a business perspective by

including corporate social responsibility. Epstein also states that organizations have a

responsibility to stakeholders to improve management practices in order to add value by

addressing corporate social, environmental and economic impacts (Epstein, 2008).

Organizational leaders are the strategic decision makers of a company and have a

responsibility to stakeholders (Wheelen & Hunger 2008). Therefore, it is important to

have an understanding of why corporate sustainability is important, and how the nine

principles of sustainability performance guide strategic management.

Importance of Corporate Sustainability

In addition to making a profit, organizations have a responsibility to society,

which includes addressing its economic, social, and environmental impacts, otherwise

known as social responsibility. Friedman and Carroll had two opposing views of

corporate social responsibility. Friedman argued that the sole responsibility of business

was to use resources and activities that enhanced profits (Wheelen & Hunger, 2008).

Carroll (1979) argued that social responsibility included much more that making a profit;

he proposed businesses must include the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary

categories of business performance.

 Economic responsibilities include producing goods and services to meet the

needs/wants of society in order to make a profit;

 Legal responsibilities are the laws and regulations the company is expected to

abide by;

 Ethical responsibilities are included in the previous two statements, but also

include the norms and beliefs held by society;

This is another example of
narrative citation. The year must
follow  the  author’s  last  name. If

there was a quotation, the page or
paragraph number would be listed

immediately after the quote in
parentheses.

This is an example of a parenthetical
citation.  It  includes  the  authors’  last  
names and the year. If there was a

quotation, a page or paragraph
number would also be included.

Notice that the period is at the end
of the parentheses.

IDENTIFYING THE BEST PRACTICES IN STRATEGIC 6

 Discretionary responsibilities are other responsibilities taken on by the

organization including voluntary activities and philanthropic contributions

(Carroll, 1979).

The importance of corporate sustainability, therefore, is that an organization is

responsible for financial performance, but it also has additional responsibilities to

stakeholders and society in general.

The Nine Principles of Sustainability Performance

The nine principles, as presented by Epstein and Roy (2003) (see Table 1), further

define sustainability, are measureable, and can easily be incorporated into strategic

management (Epstein, 2008). These principles include ethics, governance, transparency,

business relationships, financial return, community involvement, value of products and

services, employment practices and protection of the environment.

A table or figure should fit all on one
page even if there is a gap left in

your paper. It is easier for the reader
to view the table or figure when

presented as a whole instead of split
on two pages.

IDENTIFYING THE BEST PRACTICES IN STRATEGIC 7

Table 1

The Nine Principles of Sustainability Performance

1. Ethics The company establishes, promotes, monitors and maintains ethical
standards and practices in dealing with all of the company stakeholders.

2. Governance The company manages all of its resources conscientiously and effectively,
recognizing the fiduciary duty of corporate boards and managers to focus
on the interests of all company stakeholders.

3. Transparency The company provides timely disclosure of information about its
products, services and activities, thus permitting stakeholders to make
informed decisions.

4. Business
relationships

The company engages in fair-trading practices with suppliers, distributors
and partners.

5. Financial return The company compensates providers of capital with a competitive return
on investment and the protection of company assets.

6. Community
involvement/
economic
development

The company fosters a mutually beneficial relationship between the
corporation and community in which it is sensitive to the culture, context
and needs of the community.

7. Value of
product and
services

The company respects the needs, desires and rights of its customers and
strives to provide the highest levels of product and service values.

8. Employment
practices

The company engages in human-resource management practices that
promote personal and professional employee development, diversity and
empowerment.

9. Protection of the
environment

The company strives to protect and restore the environment and promote
sustainable development with products, processes, services and other
activities.

Note. There  should  be  a  general  note  about  the  table  here.  Adapted  from  “Improving  
sustainability performance: Specifying, implementing and measuring key principles”  by  M.  
Epstein, & M. Roy, 2003, Journal of General Management, 29(1), pp.15-31.

Walgreens Company

Walgreens Company is a retail drugstore that is in the primary business of prescription

and non-prescription drugs, and general merchandise including beauty care, personal care,

household items, photofinishing, greeting cards, and seasonal items (Reuters, 2010). More

recently, the organization diversified its offerings through worksite healthcare facilities, home

care facilities, specialty pharmacies, and mail service pharmacies (Walgreens Company, 2010).

When using a Table in your paper, make
sure  you  use  the  word  “Table”  with  the  

Table number. Then insert the title of the
Table in italics, with all major words

capitalized. Underneath the Table you must
have the word,  “Note”  italicized  followed  by  

a period. Then mention where the
information was adapted from or general
information about the Table. Follow this

example. Notice it does not follow the
Reference citation format.

IDENTIFYING THE BEST PRACTICES IN STRATEGIC 8

Walgreen Company established a strong organizational culture focusing on consumer and

employee satisfaction. The mission of Walgreens is:

We will provide the most convenient access to consumer goods and services . . .

and pharmacy, health and wellness services . . . in America. We will earn the trust

of our customers and build shareholder value. We will treat each other with

respect and dignity and do the same for all we serve. We will offer employees of

all backgrounds a place to build a career. (Walgreens, 2010a, para. 1)

Walgreens was established in 1901 by pharmacist Charles R. Walgreen Sr. (Walgreens, 2010b).

Prior to establishing the company, Mr. Walgreen struggled with the direction the pharmacy

industry was headed; the lack of quality customer service and care for people concerned him.

Today, Walgreens is the largest drugstore chain in the United States employing over 238,000

people. Sales in 2009 exceeded $63 billion, in which 65% of sales were from prescriptions

drugs. The organization has expanded into all 50 states, as well as the District of Colombia and

Puerto Rico, for a total of 7,496 stores and 350 Take Care clinics (Walgreens Company, 2010,

para. 3).

Conclusion

Strategic management  and  corporate  sustainability  are  two  important  practices  in  today’s  

competitive global environment. In order to effectively implement strategic management in light

of corporate sustainability, leaders must have an understanding of such concepts. This paper has

provided a background and understanding of strategic management and corporate sustainability.

An overview and history of Walgreen Company was also presented in order to identify best

practices in strategic management that enhance corporate sustainability.

If you are using information from
multiple web pages from one

website, you need to distinguish
which citation came from which

web page. You can distinguish each
page,  by  putting  the  letters,  “a,”  

“b”,  etc.  with  the  year.

If a quotation is longer than 40 words, it
must be in a block format. The block

format is indented ½ inch (or 5 spaces
from the left) from the left margin. Do not

use quotation marks for this quote.

IDENTIFYING THE BEST PRACTICES IN STRATEGIC 9

References

Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. The

Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497.

Collins, J. (2001). Good to great. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers Inc.

Epstein, M. J. (2008). Making sustainability work. San Francisco, CA: Greenleaf

Publishing Limited.

Epstein, M., & Roy, M. (2003). Improving sustainability performance: Specifying, implementing

and measuring key principles. Journal of General Management, 29(1), 15-31.

French, S. (2009). Critiquing the language of strategic management. The Journal of Management

Development, 28(1), 6-17. doi: 10.1108/02621710910923836

Ginter,  P.,  Ruck,  A.,  &  Duncan,  W.  (1985).  Planners’  perceptions  of  the  strategic  management  

process. Journal of Management Studies, 22(6), 581-596.

Hollingworth, M. (2009, November/December). Building 360 organizational sustainability. Ivey

Business Journal, 73(6), 2.

Walgreens. (2010a). Mission statement. Retrieved from

http://news.walgreens.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=1042

Walgreens. (2010b). Our past. Retrieved from

http://www.walgreens.com/marketing/about/history/default.html

Reuters. (2010). Walgreen Co. Retrieved from

http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=WAG.N

Robbins, S. P., & Coulter, M. (2007). Management (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson

Prentice Hall.

Walgreens Company. (2010). 2009 Annual report. Retrieved from

List sources in
alphabetical order.

The word, References
should be capitalized,

centered, but not bold.

When a citation
runs over to the

second line,
indent 5 spaces to
the right. This is a
“hanging  indent.”

Make sure that the links
are not live (you should
not be able to click on

them to go to the
website). If they are live,
in Word, right click and
then  click  on  “Remove  

Hyperlink.”

If you are using information
from multiple web pages

from one website, you need
to be able to distinguish

what information came from
each web page. To do this,

you need to add the letters,
“a,”  “b,”  etc.  to  the  year  of  

each citation.

IDENTIFYING THE BEST PRACTICES IN STRATEGIC 10

http://investor.walgreens.com/annual.cfm

Wheelen, T. L., & Hunger, J. D. (2008). Strategic management and business policy (11th ed.).

Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Whittington, R. (2008). Alfred Chandler, founder of strategy: Lost tradition and renewed

inspiration. Business History Review, 82(2), 267-277.

Note: Level Headers 3, 4, and 5 are also used but much less frequently. Click here for

more information on their format and use.

For more information on CSU-
Global APA requirements for

formatting in APA, and examples of
in-text and reference citations, see

the CSU-Global Guide to Writing
and APA Requirements.

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/16/

IDENTIFYING THE BEST PRACTICES IN STRATEGIC 11

References

Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. The

Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497. [This is a journal article citation. Articles

from the Library databases are based on print journals so the citation will end with page

numbers.]

Collins, J. (2001). Good to great. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. [This is a book

citation.]

Epstein, M. J. (2008). Making sustainability work. San Francisco, CA: Greenleaf

Publishing Limited.

Epstein, M., & Roy, M. (2003). Improving sustainability performance: Specifying, implementing

and measuring key principles. Journal of General Management, 29(1), 15-31.

French, S. (2009). Critiquing the language of strategic management. The Journal of Management

Development, 28(1), 6-17. doi: 10.1108/02621710910923836 [This is a journal article

citation from a Library database. Include a doi number if available.]

Ginter,  P.,  Ruck,  A.,  &  Duncan,  W.  (1985).  Planners’  perceptions  of  the  strategic  management  

process. Journal of Management Studies, 22(6), 581-596.

Hollingworth, M. (2009, November/December). Building 360 organizational sustainability. Ivey

Business Journal Online. Retrieved from

http://www.iveybusinessjournal.com/article.asp?intArticle_ID=868 [This is a journal that

is published online, so you would include the URL.]

Reuters. (2010). Walgreens Co. (WAG.N). Retrieved from

http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=WAG.N

IDENTIFYING THE BEST PRACTICES IN STRATEGIC 12

Walgreens. (2010a). Mission statement. Retrieved from

http://news.walgreens.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=1042 [This is a website citation

with a corporate author. If you retrieve information from various pages of this particular

website, you need to cite each web page. However, because the author and the year will

be  exactly  the  same,  the  lowercase  letters,  “a,”  “b,”  etc. need to be added to the year. The

in-text citation would be: (Walgreens, 2010a).]

Walgreens. (2010b). Our past. Retrieved from

http://www.walgreens.com/marketing/about/history/default.html