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There just five choice question in the Quiz.The research paper need to be five pages. And the PPT which this paper need is in the doc.This is hmw for Business Ethics
Final Paper
ASSIGNMENT: Perform traditional library research on an issue in business ethics, using article and research databases. Submit a bibliography and a 1500 – 2000 word research paper which argues both sides of an issue.
STANDARDS FOR THE PAPER1. Choose your topic from the list of topics in the syllabus. Develop your topic from the discussions brought up in class or in the textbook. You should argue two sides of the controversy.
2. Research the topic by looking for articles about your topic from at least four search tools in Kent Library.
The paper must make attribution to or quote at least five sources, which will also be listed in your Works Cited list.
The textbook must be one source.
You are encouraged to use at least two scholarly or academic journals.
Do not use an encyclopedia as one of your sources.
3. The paper should be a minimum of 1500 words and should be double spaced. The works cited list is not part of the word count. The maximum word count is 2000 words.4. The paper should be written in MLA style. Sources must be attributed within the paper in addition to being listed under works cited.
5. WORKS CITED (Annotated)Use MLA style for Works Cited and give a brief summary (annotation) of the article or source beneath the source information. In addition, for all Internet searches, include the name of the search tool you used and the search words you used.All information accessed through these searches, and subsequently used directly or indirectly in your paper, needs to be cited.
Online quiz 4
Questions 1-5 are multiple-choice questions. You can only choose one answer to each multiple-choice question.
Each correct answer is worth 4 points.
1. The following writer claims that only a few consumers are vulnerable to subliminal advertising or any other kind of advertising:
1. Vico
1. Fichte
1. Epstein
1. Arrington
1. A second-order desire is:
1. A desire that is less important than the first-order desires
1. A recognition of our first-order desire
1. A desire that is neutral to external influence
1. None of these
1. In discussing the fairness rule it was pointed out by Holley that it should regulate
1. the relationship between salespeople and ordinary consumers
1. the relationship between experts
1. the relationship between experts and consumers
1. the relationship between salespeople and authorities
1. The author who emphasized the importance of distinguishing culturally induced desires from non-autonomous desires is:
1. Sartre
1. Arrington
1. Hayek
1. None of these
1. The following author is critical to drug representatives:
1. Robert Arrington
1. John. R. Boatright
1. Friedrich Engels
1. Carl Elliott
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
Your name
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS?
Environmental ethics- the discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings and also the value and moral status of the environment and its nonhuman contents
It considers the ethical relationship between humans and the environment
WHY ARE ENVIRONMENTAL
ETHICS IMPORTANT?
Humans are slowly depleting all of our natural resources that other generations need for their future
Our world was created for us to live and thrive on and we are slowly killing it
Sustainability for the environment is crucial so that we do not destruct the world that was created.
THE LANDSCAPE
*
10.bin
ETHICAL REASONING
Ethical reasoning is the means by which moral agents determine morally acceptable actions giving due consideration to all those deserving of moral concern.
We ask:
What should we do?
Why should it be done? (justification)
How should it be done? (policy)
*
DIFFERENT SORTS OF CLAIMS
Empirical claims
describe states of affairs in the world
can be true or false
To know whether a given claim is true or false, we need to know certain things about the world.
Normative claims
describe what ought or ought not to be the case or what ought or ought not to be done
concern values
*
VALUES
Instrumental Something has instrumental value if and only if it is a means to something that is intrinsically valuable.
Intrinsic The intrinsic value of something is the value it has solely in virtue of its intrinsic nature.
*
SUSTAINABILITY
Obligation: Equivalence of some sort
“An obligation to conduct ourselves so that we leave to the future the option or capacity to be as well off as we are” (Robert Solow).
Worry: Resource depletion
BUT Instrumental values always allow substitutes
Instrumental optimism
“There is no necessity either in logic or in historical trends to suggest that the supply of any given resource is ‘finite’” (Julian Simon).
*
ETHICAL FRAMEWORKS
*
Rights Theories
Individuals possess certain prerogatives to act, choose, or be in particular states and it is the duty of moral agents to accord, or not interfere, with these prerogatives.
Moral Principle: Act in accordance with the rights of others.
• the primary concept is the “right”
• stress is on what is permissible;
duties are entailed to insure “permissibility”
*
Utilitarian Theories
Utility: a measure of whatever one takes to be
intrinsically good
(e.g. pleasure, happiness, or well-being)
Total Net Utility: for a given act, the sum of all
individual utilities for the collective under consideration
Moral Principle: Act so as to maximize Total Net Utility.
[In other words, do that which brings the greatest good for the greatest number of individuals.]
*
Moral Considerability
Who counts? Why?
Traditional ethical frameworks are anthropocentric.
Humans are the creatures deserving of moral consideration.
Challenges:
• issues of distribution and justice
• the individual vs. the social
• responsibilities to future generations
*
Climate Change
• Distributional equity and Global justice
Must all countries adopt the same
restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions?
• Obligations to future generations
How can we have obligations to persons
that do not exist?
• Uncertainty + risk
How do we handle uncertainty in our empirical knowledge and in the likely outcomes of our actions?
*
Moral Considerability
Who counts? Why?
Traditional ethical frameworks are anthropocentric.
But if we ask “why?”…
Possible grounding:
• high cognitive function/rational capacities
• sentience (experiential)
• having interests
• being alive
*
Moral Considerability
Who (or what) counts? Why?
When we look for the dividing line, it is not at all clear that only humans will be worthy of moral consideration.
non-anthropocentricism
*
Moral Considerability
Who (or what) counts? Why?
When we look for the dividing line, it is not at all clear that only humans will be worthy of moral consideration.
non-anthropocentricism
Are species morally considerable?
Are mountains? ecosystems?
*
Moral Considerability
Who (or what) counts? Why?
When we look for the dividing line, it is not at all clear that only humans will be worthy of moral consideration.
non-anthropocentricism
Are species morally considerable?
Are mountains? ecosystems?
Individualism vs. Holism
*
Peter Singer’s Position
• utilitarian
• non-anthropocentric
• individualist
Grounding: sentience
(pain and pleasure as the measure of utility)
BUT this excludes non-sentient living things, and thus, presumably, any “holistic” entities.
Sticky issues: gradations of intrinsic value
“interests” versus “sentience”
*
Aldo Leopold’s Land Ethic
The Moral Principle:
“A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise”.
Built upon a newly acquired, ecological understanding of the biological world…
The Land Pyramid
*
“All ethics so far evolved rest upon a single premise: that the individual is a member of a community of interdependent parts… The land ethic simply enlarges the boundary of the community…”
“It is inconceivable to me that an ethical relation to land can exist without… a high regard for its value. By value, I of course mean something far broader than mere economic value; I mean value in the philosophical sense.”
*
Deep Ecology
Two Basic Norms:
1) Self-Realization:
• identification
• self-in-Self
2) Biocentric Equality:
All living things have equal right to live and flourish.
All livings things are equal in intrinsic value.
(careful: “living” is used very broadly here)
*
Developing
Ethical
Frameworks
Identifying
Values
Constructing
Arguments
Ethics
