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Preparatory Studies CenterLevel 4 Project & Presentation
The Future of Traditional
Medicine In Oman
Name: Lama Khalfan Alfalahi
Level & Group: L4-G1
Lecturer’s name: Muhammad Babar Qureshi
Date of Submission: 25-4-2024
Word count: 2778
1
Preparatory Studies Center
Student Declaration Form
(Spring: 2023-24)
To,
The Head of Section, Curriculum and Teaching Methods
I, (Student’s Name) Lama Khalfan Alfalahi
(Student’s ID) 61J2394.student of Level 4 in Group No1of
the English Language Center, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, hereby declare that
my Project Report on (Title of the Project) “The Future of Traditional Medicine in Oman”
as a requirement for the course “Projects & Presentations”, is the result of my original work,
except for source materials explicitly acknowledged by proper citations.
I also understand that plagiarism is an offense that can lead to disciplinary action depending on the
seriousness of the case.
Student Signature:
Name: Lama Khalfan Alfalahi
Date: 26-2-2024
L4PPSM p67 Student Declaration
2
Contents
Page
Numbers
Contents
Introduction
4
Methods (Procedure)
5
Findings And Analysis
6-14
Conclusion
15
Recommendations
16
References
17
Appendix A: Blank copy of the Questionnaire
18-20
Appendix B: Tally sheet
21-22
Appendix C: Action plan
23
3
Introduction
Omani traditional medicine is a comprehensive treatment approach considering the body, mind,
and spirit. It is founded on the notion that the body can cure itself and a physiological imbalance
causes that illness, (Helal, 2023). Traditional healers use many methods to restore balance,
including herbal treatments, massage, cupping, and acupuncture. Oman has a long history of
traditional medicinal techniques passed down through centuries.
According to Yousuf (2018), he reviews the state of traditional medicine in Oman, revealing a
decline in interest and practice over time. Despite efforts by experts to revive this form of
treatment, the preference for allopathic medicine among the population has become increasingly
evident. However, the study underscores the importance of preserving Oman’s cultural heritage
and biodiversity by documenting traditional medicinal practices and promoting sustainable
management of medicinal plants (Yousuf,2018). Organizations such as the Oman Animal & Plant
Genetic Resources Centre are crucial in supporting research and conservation efforts. Despite the
challenges faced, individuals like Talal, committed to preserving traditional medicine, serve as
beacons of hope for maintaining this vital aspect of Omani culture. On the Other hand, Varughess,
S., Al Ramimmy, H. and Al Alawi, N (2022) examine the implementation of an herb vigilance
system in Oman by the Ministry of Health (MOH). It highlights the importance of regulating herbal
and traditional medicines in response to increased demand, with the Department of
Pharmacovigilance & Drug Information (DPV&DI) playing a crucial role in monitoring and
ensuring patient safety. The review emphasizes the goals of hemovigilance, including promoting
education and training in pharmacovigilance and implementing safety communication strategies
to detect counterfeit and adulterated products. Also, in the traditional healing techniques in AlAwabi and nearby villages are strongly embedded in the local culture, as indicated by the high
number of people seeking treatment from local healers despite having access to contemporary
medical facilities, (Helal, 2018).
I chose this topic because it helps us understand the importance of traditional medicine, its potential
benefits, and how they can be integrated with modern healthcare practices. It’s fascinating to
explore the rich heritage and healing traditions of Oman.
4
Methods
The research respondents were 30 students from the UTAS. Both female and male students
participated in the survey. This group was chosen as they were easy to reach.
The information for this report was collected from different sources like the library, online search,
and a survey. The online search was successful because a lot of web pages on the topic were
available. These included articles and e-books. All the information collected was summarized
and used for writing the introduction of the report.
As for the survey, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the respondents.
The
questionnaire consisted of 10 questions based on the topic of the research. The questionnaire
contained four Yes/No questions, four Multiple-Choice questions, and two Open-Ended questions.
Respondents were asked to fill in the questionnaire during their free time. There were no problems
with the survey items, as the respondents understood the questions.
After that the results of the questionnaire were tallied, put into a table, and converted to
percentages. The data was then analyzed and represented in the form of graphs and pie charts.
5
Finding and Analysis of Data
Part 1: Yes/No Questions
Question -1: Have you ever heard of treatment with Omani traditional medicine?
Respondents
Yes
No
Males
93%
7%
Females
87%
13%
Ninety-three percent of males and eighty-seven percent of females had ever heard of traditional
medical treatment. However, 7% of males and 13% of females said they had never heard of
traditional medical treatment before. (see figure 1)
Figure1: Heard of traditional medical treatment
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Yes
No
Males
6
Females
Question -2: Do you agree that Omani traditional medicine is an effective treatment?
Respondents
Yes
No
Males
80%
20%
Females
20%
80%
Eighty percent of males and twenty percent agree that Omani traditional medicine is an effective
treatment. However, 20% of males and 80% of females said that they do not agree that Omani
traditional medicine is an effective treatment. (see figure 2)
figure2: Omani traditional medicine is an
effective treatment
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Yes
No
Males
Females
7
Question -3: Do you think that traditional medicine is accepted at this time?
Respondents
Yes
No
Males
47%
53%
Females
87%
13%
Forty-seven percent were male and eighty-seven percent did not believe traditional medicine was
acceptable at this time. However, 53% of males and 13% of females said that they do not believe
that traditional medicine is acceptable at this time. (see figure 3)
Figure 3: Traditional medicine was acceptable at this time.
100%
90%
80%
70%
.
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Yes
No
Males
8
Females
Question -4: Are traditional medicines safe in Oman?
Respondents
Yes
No
Males
67%
33%
Females
87%
13%
Seventy-six percent were male and eighty-seven percent believed traditional medicine is safe in
Oman. However, 33% of males and 13% of females said that they do not believe that traditional
medicine is safe in Oman. ( see figure 4)
Figure 4: Traditional medicine are safe in Oman
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Yes
No
Males
9
Females
Part 2: Multiple-choice Questions:
Question -5: Which herb is commonly used in traditional medicine?
Respondents
Frankincense
Honey
Lavender
Males
40%
47%
13%
Females
13%
80%
7%
From the table above it can be easily seen that 40% of males and 13% of females selected
frankincense as a common herb used in traditional medicine. However, 47% of males and 80%
of females chose honey as a common herb used in traditional medicine. In addition, 13% of
males and 7% of females believed lavender was a commonly herb used in traditional medicine.
(see figure 5)
Figure5: commonly herb used in traditional medicine
Females
Males
7% 13%
13%
40%
Frankincense
Honey
Lavender
80%
47%
Frankincense
10
Honey
Lavender
Question -6: Which traditional herb will be used more in Oman in the future?
Respondents
Frankincense
Honey
Lavender
Males
33%
67%
0%
Females
47%
33%
20%
From the table above it can be easily seen that 33% of males and 47% of females chose
frankincense as a commonly traditional herb used more in Oman in the future. However, 67% of
males and 33% of females believed honey a commonly traditional herb used more in Oman in
the future. In addition, 0% of males and 20% of females selected lavender as a commonly
traditional herb used more in Oman in the future. (see figure 6)
Figure 6: commonly traditional herbs used more in Oman in the future
Females
Males
0%
20%
33%
47%
67%
Frankincense
33%
Honey
Frankincense
Lavender
11
Honey
Lavender
Question -7: I think more people will be using traditional medicine in Oman in the future.
Respondents
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Males
47%
20%
33%
Females
80%
13%
7%
From the table above it can be easily seen that 47% of males and 80% of females agree with that
there will be more people using traditional medicine in Oman in the future. However, 20% of males
and 13% of females chose neutral as there will be more people using traditional medicine in
Oman in the future. In addition, 33% of males and 7% of females selected disagree that there
will be more people using traditional medicine in Oman in the future (see Figure 7)
Figure 7: people using traditional medicine in Oman in the future
Females
Males
7%
13%
33%
47%
80%
20%
Agree
Neutral
Agree
Disagree
12
Neutral
Disagree
Question -8: How can traditional medicine be made more accessible to all segments of the
Omani population?
Respondents
by educating
the public
about the
benefits and
availability
by establishing
more
traditional
medicine
clinics and
center
by educating
the public
about the
benefits and
availability
Males
33%
54%
13%
Females
13%
74%
13%
From the table above it can be easily seen that 33% of males and 13% of females chose to
education the public about the benefits and availability as a way of can traditional medicine be
made more accessible to all segments of the Omani population. However, 54% of males and
54% of females selected establishing more traditional medicine clinics and centers as away of
can traditional medicine more accessible to all segments of the Omani population. In addition,
13% of males and 13% of females believed by education the public about the benefits and
availability as a way of can traditional medicine be made more accessible to all segments of the
Omani population. (see figure 8)
Figure7: How can traditional medicine be made more accessible to all
segments of the Omani population
Females
Males
13%
13%
13%
33%
54%
74%
by education the public about the benefits and availability
by education the public about the benefits and availability
by establishing more traditional medicine clinics and center
by education the public about the benefits and availability
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by establishing more traditional medicine clinics and center
by education the public about the benefits and availability
Part 3: Open-Ended Questions:
Question – 9: How traditional medicine can be integrated into Oman’s healthcare
education system?
According to this statement, most male and female students agreed about way of traditional
medicine can be integrated into Oman’s healthcare education system is to applying courses into
colleges of nursing to teach them about traditional medicine, other students said that providing
programs for healthcare about traditional medicine. However, the other female said it’s through
multidisciplinary research and training programs
Question 10: How can traditional medicine be helpful to modern medicine?
Most of the male and female students agreed that traditional medicine can provide many benefits
when used in conjunction with traditional medical treatments for many health conditions. One of
the female students also said that traditional treatments and natural ingredients may be effective
in certain cases, and one of the students said that for minor diseases, it is important to adhere to
traditional treatments that have proven effective
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Conclusion
According to the survey findings, both males and females have an interest in Omani traditional
medicine, with males having a slightly higher awareness. However, there is a difference of
opinion on the effectiveness and acceptance of traditional medicine, with males believing in it
more than females. Most respondents, regardless of gender, believe that traditional medicine is
safe in Oman.
In traditional medicine, honey is the most often utilized plant, with females choosing it more
than males. In the future, both genders anticipate that frankincense and honey will be the most
widely utilized traditional herbs in Oman.
In terms of the future of traditional medicine, a sizable number of both men and female believe
that more people will use traditional medicine in Oman. To make traditional medicine more
accessible to all sectors of the Omani people, most respondents propose opening more traditional
medicine clinics and centers.
Finally, I had some difficulties during this study. Getting so many students to fill out the survey
was difficult for me, especially with the boys. In addition, I found it difficult to find enough
information on the subject because it has only been discussed on a small number of websites.
Also, I had difficulty hard to find more information about this topic.
15
Recommendations
1. Establish research institutes to study the effectiveness of traditional remedies.
2. Support local traditional medicine practitioners and provide resources for their practice.
3. Conduct clinical trials to scientifically validate the efficacy of traditional remedies.
4. Provide financial support for traditional medicine research and development projects.
5. Foster partnerships between traditional medicine practitioners and modern
healthcare facilities.
16
References
Helal (2023).” Omani Traditional Medicine and Healing Practices: A Comprehensive
Overview.” Available at: https://omanb.com/omani-traditional-medicine-and-healing-practicesa-comprehensive-overview/.
Varughess, S., Al Ramimmy, H. and Al Alawi, N. (2022). “Pharmacovigilance for Herbal and
Traditional Medicines in the Sultanate of Oman.” Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362641881_Pharmacovigilance_for_Herbal_and_Tradi
tional_Medicines_in_the_Sultanate_of_Oman
Yousuf, K. (2018). “Traditional medicine needs new lease of life”. Available at:
https://www.omanobserver.om/article/40739/Local/traditional-medicine-needs-new-lease-of-life.
Kabeer, Y. (2020). “Quacks taint traditional medicine”. Available at:
https://images.app.goo.gl/MH5zWqgHT2rNh9DU9.
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Appendix A: Questionnaire
18
19
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Appendix B: Tally sheet
1
Yes/No Questions
Males
Yes
1
2
3
4
Have you ever heard of treatment with
Omani traditional medicine?
Do you agree that Omani traditional
medicine is an effective treatment?
Do you think that traditional medicine is
accepted at this time?
Are traditional medicines safe in Oman?
%
Females
No
%
Yes
%
No
%
14
93%
1
7%
13
87%
2
13%
12
80%
3
20%
3
20%
12
80%
7
47%
8
53%
13
87%
2
13%
10
67%
5
33%
13
87%
2
13%
Multiple-Choice Questions
A
%
Frankincense
5
6
Which herb is commonly used in
traditional medicine?
Which traditional herb will be used
more in Oman in the future?
I think more people will be using
traditional medicine in Oman in the
future.
%
C
%
Lavender
Honey
A
%
Frankincense
B
%
C
%
Lavender
Honey
6
40%
7
47%
2
13%
2
13%
12
80%
1
7%
5
33%
10
67%
0
0
7
47%
5
33%
3
20%
Agree
7
B
Neutral
7
by educating
the public
about the
benefits and
availability
47%
3
Disagree
20%
by
establishing
more
traditional
medicine
5
by
providing
financial
support
and
21
Agree
33%
12
by educating
the public
about the
benefits and
availability
Neutral
80%
2
by
establishing
more
traditional
medicine
Disagree
13%
1
by
providing
financial
support
and
7%
8
9
10
How can traditional medicine be made more
accessible to all segments of the Omani
population?
Open-Ended Questions
How traditional medicine can be
integrated into Oman’s healthcare
education system?
5
33%
clinics and
center
8
54%
insurance
coverage
2
13%
Most males said that ……..
2
13%
clinics and
center
11
74%
insurance
coverage
2
13%
Most females said that …….
Three of the students agreed that the way to integrate traditional Most of the female students also agreed that the way to integrate
medicine into the healthcare education system in Oman is to traditional medicine into the health care education system in the
implement courses in nursing colleges to introduce them to Sultanate of Oman is to implement courses in nursing colleges to
traditional medicine, and another student said to provide a
introduce them to traditional medicine, while another female said
healthcare program around traditional medicine.
that this is done through multidisciplinary research and training
programs.
How can traditional medicine be helpful to Most males agreed that herbs and recipes from traditional
Most of the females agreed that traditional medicine can make
the modern medicine?
medicine can be taken and included in modern treatment, such as valuable contributions to modern medicine in many ways. For
pills, or by removing harmful substances from medicines and
example, traditional therapies often provide alternative treatment
adding natural resources, and there must be a treatment or
options for various health conditions that may not respond well.
alleviation of some diseases.
They offer a different perspective and approach to healthcare,
focusing on natural remedies, holistic healing, and preventive
measures.
22
Appendix C: Action plan
What Needs to Be Done
Planned Date of
Completion
1.
Read and understand the activity in class/ Grouping
Week 1 – 2
2.
Week 2
3.
Discuss the research topic with the teacher and then as a
group
Research different materials on the topic.
4.
Take notes and write summaries on Search Progress.
Week 4
5.
Decide on the most appropriate research tool to be used. Weeks 4-5
Discuss and finalise questions for online survey.
Weeks 5- 6
Design an online survey. Then have it checked by the
teacher
Make changes and finalize the survey. Distribute the online Weeks 5- 6
survey to 30 respondents– use email, and MS Teams chats
to collect the data.
Weeks 2 to 4
Complete the introduction (3 paragraphs)
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Week 3
Extract charts to present the main points from the findings Week 7
using MS Excel. Analyze the data following the samples
provided in the booklet
Discuss findings and summarize the main points (Tally sheet Week 8
can be used). Type the findings
Make charts (Table, Bar-graphs & Pie-charts) to present the Week 8
main points from the findings using the computer.
Week 9
Write the conclusion, recommendations, methods, and
references
Week 9
Finalise the cover-page
14. Submit the First Draft of the report
Week 9
15. Submit the final typed draft of the report
Week 11
Date of
Completion
20th February,
2024
20th February,
2024
20th February,
2024
5th March,
2024
5th March,
2024
25th March,
2023
25th March,
2023
13th March,
2023
1st April, 2024
1st April, 2024
3rd April,
2024
8th-11th April,
2024
8th-11th April,
2024
April 17,
2024
April 24,
2024
16. Prepare and practice a presentation with visual aids
17. Give the presentation
Student Name:
Lama Khalfan Alfalahi
Project Title:
The future of traditional medicine in Oman
Group:
L4 G1
Team members
Maryem Khalid Darwish Almukhaini
Mariyam Khamis Mubarak Aldhuli
Manar Marhoun Abdullah Alqarawashi
Date 20-02-2024
Approved by Muhammad Babar Qureshi
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