Medical Terminology Discussion Response

Medical Terminology
Student Response #1
Sykie Samuel
The esophagus is a long, thin muscular tube-like organ which carries food and liquid
from the mouth (pharynx) to the stomach by a process called peristalsis. During this
process the muscles throughout the lining of the walls of the esophagus pushes the
food towards the stomach. The esophagus plays a very important role in the digestive
system.
All three types of muscles of the esophagus; the skeletal muscle, mixed skeletal and
smooth muscle and the smooth muscle aids in the successfully process of food and
liquid traveling down the esophagus towards the stomach. The whole process of food
entering into the mouth, the process that proceeds from chewing, to swallowing, food
traveling along the passageway, then entering the stomach gives a better understanding
of what causes acid reflux, Gerd, heartburn and many other gastric issues.
The mouth, teeth (chewing), tongue (aids with moving the food while chewing) and
throat (swallowing) represent the Skeletal muscle being used. Skeletal and Smooth
muscles, both sphincters at each end of the esophagus functions. It opens and closes
during the movement of food and liquid down the esophagus during the process of
peristalsis. Smooth muscle represents the stomach, the final process where energy and
nutrients can be distributed to other organs if no indigestion issues occur.
As mentioned before the esophagus does play an important role in the digestive system
and this is my interpretation of details to remember the histological “floor plan”.
Written by- Eldridge,Lynne MD. (February 6, 2020). Medically Review by Carew,John MD
References:
Esophagus: Structure, Function, and Conditions (verywellhealth.com) (Links to an
external site.)
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Student Response #2
Jalisa Robinson
Hi Everyone,
The esophagus is for transfer food to your mouth to your throat (pharynx) to your
stomach it only consists of two muscles which is smooth and skeletal. The function of
this organ is important when vomiting belching and swallowing this is something the
upper section of the esophagus handles and the lower part of the esophagus keeps
food in the stomach when this section is closed it keeps acid and other stomach
contents from going backwards.( Matthew Hoffman Reviewed by Sabrina Felson, MD on
July 10, 2020 ).
This organ is behind the trachea and goes through the stomach I guess a way of helping
to remember the histological “floor plan” for me would be know that the skeletal
muscle is first and also this muscle is a voluntary muscle since we chew and swallow this
is done by us and not our body until it goes lower in the esophagus towards to second
muscle which is smooth muscle this muscle iit helps moves things like blood fluids and
other things in the body to were it need to be. This muscle is also involuntary which is
controlled by the autonomic nervous system and is mostly found inside the
body.Ehrlich, Ann, et al. Medical Terminology for Health Professions. Available from:
VitalSource Bookshelf, (8th Edition). Cengage Learning US, 2016.
Business Law Student Responses
Student #1
Rebekah
In my opinion, this report would be considered a product disparagement as the report
was regarding a product. The report questioned the terms of honesty, integrity, and
reputation of the processing company, as the company did not disclose the “pink
slime”.
By definition, defamation is a false statement by one party about another to a third
party. The elements of defamation are (1) the making of a defamatory statement, (2)
publication of the defamatory material; and (3) damages that result from the statement.
(Twomey, D., P. et al., page 148)
Product disparagement is defined as false statements made about a product or
business. The elements of product disparagement are (1) a false statement about a
particular business product or about its service in terms of honesty, reputation, ability, or
integrity; (2) communication of the statement to a third party; and (3) damages.
(Twomey, D., P. et al., page 151)
We have defamation laws in this country to protect a person’s reputation by preventing
unfair speech that might hurt a person’s reputation. (Legal Career Path Editors, n.d.)
According to the legal career path, “defamation laws exist by common law, and they
also exist by statute. Defamation law is primarily state law.” (Legal Career Path Editors,
n.d.)
References:
Twomey, D. P., Jennings, M. M., & Greene, S. M. (2021). Anderson’s Business Law & The
Legal Environment – Comprehensive Edition (24th Edition). Cengage Learning
US. https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9780357363850 (Links to an external site.)
Legal Career Path Editors. (n.d.) What is Defamation
Law? https://legalcareerpath.com/what-is-defamation-law/ (Links to an external site.)
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Student #2
Carlene Canate
Defamatory or defamation, damaging the good reputation of someone,
slanderous which they publish as a statement of fact. Defamation in law, attacking
another’s reputation by a false publication (communication to a third party) tending to
bring the person into disrepute. The concept is an elusive one and is limited in its
varieties only by human inventiveness. Yes, I believe the report was considered to be
defamatory. When you speak lies or make statements that are not factual in a public
setting you are causing harm and misleading the public. This can be damaging
and harmful to your personal and/or professional reputation or cause you other
damages, including financial loss and emotional distress, defamatory allegations.
Product disparagement also called commercial disparagement, product defamation,
trade libel, or slander of goods is a false statement about a product that hurts its maker
that caused the company to incur special damages. The economic and financial welfare
of manufacturers and sellers depends upon the quality and reputation of their products.
A company’s quality products create and maintain the goodwill of its customers towards
the company. That goodwill generates sales revenues for the company and often
comprises a substantial portion of the company’s total value. Statements criticizing the
quality of a product, therefore, often cause pecuniary losses to the manufacturer and
seller of the product in the form of lost sales and lost goodwill. Why? Because modem
media technology enables statements to be communicated to a large number of people
in a short amount of time, statements that disparage a product have a significant
effect. In some instances, companies are forced to go out of business just like the PBI
factory, because consumers are unwilling to purchase their products based on reports
that the products are defective or of low quality.
Defamation law is to protect people from having their lives and livelihoods ruined or
significantly altered because of untrue statements against them. Defamation law is the
area of law that seeks to protect a person’s reputation by preventing unfair speech that
might hurt a person’s reputation. Also, persons can be sued and fined for
such defamatory allegations.
Defamation is not considered a federal law. However, 23 states and 2 territories have
criminal defamation/libel/slander laws on the books, along with 1 state (Iowa)
establishing defamation/libel as a criminal offense through case law without statutorily
defined crime.
I believe that everyone should get their facts together first before reporting, publishing,
speaking, and advertising statements that are not true. When statements are put out to
the public that is not factual, they create big problems. It is not easy to retract a
statement that was already aired because the damage is already done. No number of
apologies can fix it or undo the damages. So let us be mindful of what we publish.
References:
Kerry A. McHugh, Comment, Product Disparagement: Expanding Liability in Texas, 41
SW L.J. 1203 (1987)
https://scholar.smu.edu/smulr/vol41/iss5/6 (Links to an external site.)
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia (2020, January 23). defamation. Encyclopedia
Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/defamation.
Twomey, D. P., Jennings, M. M., & Greene, S. M. (2021). Anderson’s Business Law & The
Legal Environment – Comprehensive Edition Chapter 8 Torts. Pages 148 & 151 (24th
Edition). Cengage Learning US. https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9780357363850.
Best Regards,