Kim Woods

Homework

Question 1

The range of temperatures in the Kelvin (absolute) scale between the freezing point and boiling point of water is   Answer

· 1.

· 10°.

· 2.

· 100°.

· 3.

· 212°.

· 4.

· 273°.

1 points

Question 2

·   Pieces of metal are heated by varying amounts in a flame. The hottest of the pieces will be the one that shows most prominently which color?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· red

· yellow

· black

· blue

·  
1 points

Question 3

·   How many electrons surround the nucleus of a triply ionized magnesium atom, Mg IV?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· 15

· 11

· 12

· 9

·  
1 points

Question 4

·   A small particle of interplanetary material is heated by friction from a temperature of 400 K to 4000 K as it falls into the atmosphere of Earth and produces a meteor or a shooting star in the sky. If this object behaves like a perfect blackbody over this short time, how will its emitted radiation change as it is heated?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· The intensity of the radiation will rise by a factor of 100, while the peak wavelength

· of emitted light will become shorter by a factor of 100, moving from the infrared to

· the ultraviolet.

· The intensity of the radiation will rise by a factor of 10, while its peak wavelength

· will become shorter by a factor of 10, moving from the infrared to red visible light.

· The intensity of the radiation will rise by a factor of 10,000, while its peak wavelength

· will become longer by a factor of 10, moving from the visible to the infrared or heat

· radiation.

· The emitted intensity of the radiation will rise by a factor of 10,000, while its peak

· wavelength will become shorter by a factor of 10, from infrared to red visible light.

·  
1 points

Question 5

·   An astronomer, examining two photographs of a small area of sky taken 20 years apart, notices that some of the stars have moved slightly across the sky, relative to most of the other stars in the photographs. This displacement of the stars across the sky is an example of   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· proper motion.

· Doppler shift.

· radial velocity.

· precession.

·  
1 points

Question 6

·   Which one of the following processes results in an ionized atom?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· A single proton has been removed.

· A proton in its nucleus has been replaced by an electron.

· An electron has been removed.

· A single proton has been added.

·  
1 points

Question 7

·   If all stars are considered to be perfect blackbodies, then the following relationship should hold regarding the energy flux, or energy emitted per unit area, from stars.   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· All stars of the same mass emit the same energy flux.

· All stars of the same size emit the same energy flux.

· All stars of the same composition (made of exactly the same material) emit the same

· energy flux.

· All stars of the same temperature emit the same energy flux.

·  
1 points

Question 8

·   How much heavier is a hydrogen atom than a proton?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· twice as heavy

· 1 part in 2000

· A hydrogen atom is lighter than a proton.

· 2000 times heavier

·  
1 points

Question 9

·   The element helium was first discovered and identified as a separate element   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· on the Sun, from the emitted spectrum from its upper atmosphere.

· inside meteorites that had come from outer space.

· in rocks containing radioactively decaying elements such as uranium.

· in natural gas originating underground, from the spectrum emitted from a flame

· of burning natural gas.

·  
1 points

Question 10

·   The person who discovered the atomic nucleus was the   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· Swiss mathematician Johann Balmer.

· New Zealand physicist Sir Ernest Rutherford.

· German optician Joseph von Fraunhofer.

· Danish physicist Niels Bohr.

Question 11

·   In which wavelength range does the astronomical satellite known as the Compton Observatory observe?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

		· gamma rays
· infrared (IR)
· ultraviolet (UV)
	· X rays

·  
1 points

Question 12

·   When light passes through a prism of glass,   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· the prism absorbs colors from different parts of the broad beam coming out of the

· prism, leaving the complementary colors that we see.

· refraction changes the directions of different colors or wavelengths of light.

· different colors are caused by multiple reflections within the prism and the resulting

· interference between the beams.

· the prism adds colors to different parts of the outgoing and broadly scattered beam.

·  
1 points

Question 13

·   When a ray of light enters the flat smooth surface of a dense transparent material at an angle to the perpendicular, which way does it bend?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· It does not bend at all, because the material is transparent.

· in a direction so that it travels perpendicular to the surface

· away from the perpendicular

· toward the perpendicular

·  
1 points

Question 14

·   How is spherical aberration usually overcome in the objective lens of a refracting astronomical telescope?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· by using a filter that allows only a small range of wavelengths (colors) through the

· telescope

· by grinding the lens surfaces to a parabolic shape

· by making the lens very thin, with a long focal length

· by coating the lenses with an antireflective coating

·  
1 points

Question 15

·   Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?   Answer

· 1.

· gamma rays

· 2.

· 3.

· X rays

· 4.

· violet light

· ultraviolet light

·  
1 points

Question 16

·   A scientist reports the detection of an atomic particle known as a cosmic ray that came toward his experiment from outer space at a speed of 4 × 105 km/ s–1. What conclusion can we draw from this report?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· This result is acceptable since atomic particles can travel this fast, whereas larger

· bodies are limited to 3 × 105 m/s–1.

· He made an error in his experiment because such a speed is considered to be

· impossible by all previous experiments.

· This is an acceptable result for a particle originating from outer space because

· particle speed from such regions is unlimited.

· This “particle” must have been a photon or quantum of electromagnetic radiation

· of very high energy in order to have been traveling this fast.

·  
1 points

Question 17

·   X rays and visible light are   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· different because X rays are made up of waves, whereas light is made up of particles.

· the same thing except that X rays have shorter wavelengths than visible light.

· the same thing except that X rays have longer wavelengths than visible light.

· different because X rays are made up of particles, whereas light is made up of waves.

·  
1 points

Question 18

·   What causes chromatic aberration in the objective lens of a telescope?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· Different colors suffer different amounts of absorption by the glass in the lens.

· Different colors are refracted through different angles at each surface of the lens.

· The shape of the lens surface distorts the image.

· Reflection of light back and forth inside the lens produces multiple images and the

· overall combination of the images will be distorted.

·  
1 points

Question 19

·   Which of the following wave effects is NOT electromagnetic in nature?   Answer

· 1.

· gamma rays

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· seismic waves

· microwaves

· radio waves

·  
1 points

Question 20

·   Which wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum is taken up by visible light?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· 100 nm to 400 nm

· 4000 nm to 7000 nm

· 1200 nm to 1500 nm

· 400 nm to 700 nm

Question 21

·   Retrograde motion of a planet when viewed from the Earth is caused by the fact that the   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· Earth is moving.

· Sun is moving.

· planet’s orbit is inclined at an angle to the Earth’s orbit.

· planet’s orbit is elliptical.

1 points

Question 22

·   According to the Ptolemaic model of the solar system, during retrograde motion a planet would be   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· farther away from the Earth than average.

· closer to the Earth than average.

· always at the same distance from the Earth because the planet orbits the Earth in a

· circle in this model.

· at varying distances from the Earth, sometimes closer and sometimes farther away

· than the average distance.

·  
1 points

Question 23

·   In the path of Mars against the background stars shown in Figure 2-2 in Comins and Kaufmann, Discovering the Universe, 8th ed., the planet appears from Earth to move in a loop, moving westward for a period of time. What is the angle between the Earth-Sun line and the Earth-Mars line when the planet is halfway through the retrograde motion, on about February 1?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· 180°

· 90°

· It can be any angle.

· 0°

·   
1 points

Question 24

·   When a planet is seen at opposition, it is always at its   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· closest point to the Sun.

· closest point to the Earth.

· most distant point from the Sun.

· most distant point from the Earth.

·  
1 points

Question 25

·   The first major astronomical prediction of Newton’s theory of gravitation to be confirmed by observation was the   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· return of Halley’s comet.

· supernova of 1572.

· discovery of Pluto.

· discovery of Neptune.

·  
1 points

Question 26

·   As Venus orbits the Sun, its angular size as viewed from the Earth appears to change by what factor, from smallest to largest? (See Figure 2-10, Comins and Kaufmann, Discovering the Universe, 8th ed.)   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· 58×

· Its angular size does not change; only its brightness changes.

· 5.8×

· 1.72×

·  
1 points

Question 27

·   In what direction is Venus moving when it is at greatest elongation?   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· It is not possible to say because the direction is different from one greatest

· elongation to the next.

· perpendicular to the line from Venus to the Earth

· directly toward or away from the Sun

· directly toward or away from the Earth

·  
1 points

Question 28

·   A person orbiting the Earth in the Space Shuttle feels weightless because   Answer

· 1.

· 2.

· 3.

· 4.

· two forces are acting on her in opposite directions, so they cancel and produce the

· same effect as if no force at all were acting.

· no forces act on her.

· her mass is zero in space, and weight requires mass.

· only one force (gravity) acts on her, but gravity also accelerates the Shuttle, so the

· Shuttle does not push up on her to create the feeling of weight.

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