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I have 2 prompts each prompt has several questions. You have to answer all of the questions using the book ( Bonnie G. Smith, et. al.,
Crossroads and Cultures: A History of the World’s Peoples, Vol. II ) I need it after 15 hours from now. You have to answer all of the questions. Each question write seperate paragraph ( one paragraph ). for example

1- what is the industrial revolution?

It is ……………….

you have to answer each prompt sepratly . Each prompt I need one whole page. Don’t forget I won’t accept answers out of the book which I have provided above.

I have posted these power points so it can help you. I prefer my answers from the power points and the book if you couldn’t find an answer you can use research.

HISTORY 110B

WORLD CIVILIZATIONS SINCE THE 16TH CENTURY

DR. NANCY FITCH

Summer

013

1. What was the industrial revolution? Why is it significant? Compare and contrast the differences between the U.S., Russia, Chinese, and Japanese responses to the industrial revolution. What do you believe accounts for the differences in which different countries responded to England’s industrial challenge? Economically, today, our world may be changing as much as it changed in the nineteenth century. On the basis of your answer, what advice would you give to policy makers examining the global economy today?

2. How did the strategies to end World War II lead to the outbreak of the Cold War? How did the Cold War shape developments in Europe, China, Viet Nam, and Korea? In looking at the policies of the United States and the Soviet Union, were they different from one another, or essentially similar in their respective goals and methods?

PAGE

The Industrial Revolution

Readings: Smith, et al., 791-802, 812-818

Lecture 14
1

The Industrial Revolution
Has its main effects from 1780-1850:
Time of transformation of work
From hand to machine
From rural areas to cities
Created social classes
Workers, the Proletariat
Changed family life

Changes which occurred because of the Industrial Revolution
Migration to industrialized nations
Changed way of buying and selling
Creation of new leisure activities
Transferred balance of power toward industrialized countries

Why ENGLAND?
Science most advanced
Protestantism
Agricultural Revolution most advanced in England

New Technology

New Technology
John Kay—Flying Shuttle
(1733)
James Hargreaves—Spinning Jenny (1764)
Samuel Cromptom— “The Mule” (1779)
Edmund Cartwright—Power Loom (1775)
Eli Whitney– Cotton Gin (1793)

New Bottleneck is Factory problems
Factory location because of Factory size.
Fuel problems
England was running out of wood
Coal accumulated water in the mines so that pumps had to be used

Engines
Savery—1698
Necomen—1705
John Wilkinson did a boring mill in 1774
James Watt did the steam engine in 1775
George Stephenson came up with the “The Iron Horse in 1829

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England and the Consequences of the Industrial Revolution
Technology used to transform means of war
1851—England produced 2/3 of the world’s coal.
England produced ½ the world’s iron and cotton.
Problems in factories
Standard of living?

Readings: Smith, et

., 946-950

The Holocaust
Readings: Smith et al, 946-950

Genocide in 20th Century

Genocide had very specific form in 20th century.
Armenian Genocide had roots in late 19th century but 1 ½ million were killed between 1915-1923
Used in concentration camps as well as mass deportations
Used Special Organization (Teshkilati Mahsusa) to organize killing
Turks claim it was an action against a bitter enemy during war

Rape of Nanjing
Japanese killed over 300,000 and raped between 60,000- 80,000.
Like Turks, claimed massacre was a necessary act against enemy combattants
Question: what is moral and immoral in war? Are 20th century wars different in the violence they enacted on civilians?

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Wanted to purify German (Aryan) Race
Afraid if intermarried and reproduced with other races, the Aryan race would degenerate.
In Mein Kampf, Adolph Hitler argued that it was necessary to exterminate Jews and other “inferior races”
Nazi Policy—Extremes of Race-based Thinking (Eugenics)

Nuremberg Laws and Kristallnacht
September 1935 Nuremberg Laws—laws discriminating against the Jews, depriving them of citizenship, prevent them from having sexual contact with “Aryans”/Germans
November 1938—Kristallnacht “The Night the Broken of Glass” – Germans begin to put thousands of Jews in “concentration” camps, where they were forced to labor for the Government

Events during the War
Killing Intensifies
SS Einsatzgruppen (Action squads)
Mobile killing units
Firing squads murdered massive number of people
Buried them in mass graves
By 1941, the SS Einsatzgruppen had murdered 1.5 million people, mostly Jews
January 20, 1942 the Wannsee Conference in Berlin
The Jews were rounded up and sent to Labor and the Death camps.
3 million people were killed in Auschwitz alone.
At least 6 million Jews killed

The Holocaust
European Jewish population fell from 9,739,200 to 3,505,800
Also killed 5 million other undesirables (disabled, Slavs, gypsies, homosexuals, petty criminals, Jehovah’s Witness, communists).
After they were killed, the bodies were burned in large crematories, but many bodies still evident when camps liberated.

United Nations Declaration on Human Rights, But:
Genocide in Rwanda
Genocide in Bosnia
Genocide in Kosovo
Genocide in Sudan
Could it happen again?

The New Imperialism

Readings: Smith, et al., 825-829, 836-841, 843-852, 857-868, 869-881

Lecture 16
1

Neocolonialism
Nothing really new but great powers decide to carve up world, especially Africa, Far East and the Pacific Islands

Colonies—during New Imperialism

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Why Neocolonialism?
Economic motivations
1870s: The first “Great Depression”, prices fall with competition from US
Believed that by taking colonies, they could create “sheltered” markets
Needed places to invest

Other reasons for Neocolonialism
Raw materials
Gold
Diamonds
Rubber
Pineapples
Bananas
Sugar
Oil
Social Darwinism/The “White Man’s Burden”
Theory of Evolution
Europeans believed that “white races” are superior to “colored races”
Karl Pearson
Japanese

WORLD WAR II

Readings: Smith, et al., 950-955, 959-985

JAPANESE BOMB PEARL HARBOR

Sneak Attack on U.S Naval Base

Destroys planes and battleships

Aircraft carriers out on maneuvers

Roosevelt: Day of Infamy

Admiral Yamamoto: “We have awakened a sleeping tiger”

THE U.S. ENTERS WORLD WAR II
December 7: Pearl Harbor Bombed
December 8: U.S. Declares War on Japan
December 10: Britain Declares War on Japan
December 11: Hitler Declares War on the U.S.
Italy Declares War on the United States

WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS
EUROPE:
ALLIES: ENGLAND, THE SOVIET UNION, AND THE UNITED STATES
AXIS:
GERMANY AND ITALY

WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS
ASIA:
ALLIES:
UNITED STATES, GREAT BRITAIN
AXIS:
JAPAN AND GERMANY

PROBLEM – SOVIET UNION
Stalin Creating 2nd
Superpower
5 Year Plans – Rapid Industrialization
Collectivization of Agriculture – Increase Productivity to Feed Workers
Great Terror –
Forced Migration to
Siberia
Does it make it possible to do things not possible in Democracy

U.S. – Fight war in Europe First
Stakes Highest
Hitler Dominating Europe
Much of War Fought in North Africa (September 1940-May 1943)
Mussolini wanted to reconstruct Roman Empire, invades Egypt
Germany bales out Mussolini
U.S. contributes tank force under Gen. George Patton
Patton defeats German General Erwin Rommel

U.S. Britain, Canada invade Italy (July 10, 1943)
Mussolini forced to resign (July 25, 1943)
Rescued by Hitler September 15, 1943
Creates Salo Republic in Northern Italy
Much of European fighting in Italy

BATTLE OF BRITAIN
Massive Bombing
Germans Target London
Britain Targets German Cities
Civilian Casualties High
Firebombing of Dresden
Radar
Enigma Machines

Hitler invades Soviet Union (June 22, 1941)
Germans Decide on “Final Solution”
Winter Threatens German Troops in Russia
Siege of Moscow
Battle of Stalingrad
Gen. Zhukov stops Germans advance (November 1942) – major turning point of war in Europe

War in the Pacific
Japan invades Philippines (January 2, 1942)
Conquers most of Southeast Asia, Many Islands
U.S., allies, have to fight back island by island

MAKING PEACE OUT OF WAR
Moscow Conference (October 19-November 1, 1943)
U.S., Britain, Soviet Union agree to form United Nations
Tehran Conference (November 28-December 1, 1943)
Open up Second Front
Europe’s Soft Underbelly: Eastern Europe (Churchill)
France
Ultimately – Normandy Landing – D-Day June 6, 1944

WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS
EUROPE:
ALLIES: ENGLAND, THE SOVIET UNION, AND THE UNITED STATES
AXIS:
GERMANY AND ITALY

MAKING PEACE OUT OF WAR
Yalta Conference (February 1945)
Germany to be Disarmed and Denazified
German Leaders to be Tried as War Criminals
Each power would occupy part of Germany
Soviet Union could collect Reparations
United Nations would be formed
Agreed Soviets could supervise elections in Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary
Agreed to divide Korea at 38th Parallel – if Soviets declared war on Japan

END OF WAR IN EUROPE
Roosevelt dies (April 12, 1945)
Harry Truman becomes U.S. President
German Divisions in Italy Resign (April 28, 1945)
Mussolini and Mistress Killed by Anti-Fascists
Battle of Berlin (May 1, 1945)
Hitler and new wife Eva Braun commit suicide

V-E Day in Europe (May 8, 1945)

POTSDAM CONFERENCE (JULY 17-AUGUST 2, 1945)
Truman, Churchill/Atlee, Stalin confirm Yalta Agreement
Truman announces U.S. secret weapon

Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)

SOVIETS DECLARE WAR ON JAPAN (AUGUST 8, 1945)
Soviets invade Korea, Manchuria

U.S. DROPS ATOMIC BOMB ON NAGASAKI (AUGUST 9, 1945)

JAPAN SURRENDERS (AUGUST 10, 1945)

WORLD WAR II ENDS/COLD WAR BEGINS (SEPTEMBER 2, 1945)
Korea Divided at 38th Parallel
Germany Divided
“Iron Curtain” Descending Upon Europe
Nuclear Arms Race

COLD WAR IN EUROPE
Fear of Communism in Greece, Italy, and France
Fear of Revival of Fascism in Germany
July 1947 – Marshall Plan
April 1949 – Creation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Orga1nization)
August 29, 1949 – Soviets detonate Atomic Bomb
1955 – Soviets form Warsaw Pact
October 4, 1957 – Soviets launch Sputnik

European Union

THE COLD WAR

READINGS: Smith, et al., 950-955, 959-985

WHAT WAS THE COLD WAR?

Undeclared War between Two Superpowers

United States

Democracy

Capitalism

Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.)

Communism

Theatres of Battle:

Proxy wars in other countries

Nuclear Arms Race

Space Race

Economic Competition

KOREAN PROBLEMS
End of World War II:
North Korea (Soviet Zone):
Soviets turn North Korea into militarized Communist State under Kim Il-Sung
South Korea (U.S. Zone):
Korean’s Create “People’s Republic”
U.S. refuses recognition
Economy so tied into Japan’s not sure want to separate it
Don’t want to give land confiscated by Japanese back to Koreans
Reluctantly agreed to back South Korea as United Nations recommended Korea’s independence

NORTH KOREA
Kim Il-Sung
Born into Christian family
Organized anti-Japanese resistance movement from USSR in 1930s
Proclaimed “People’s Democratic Republic” (September 9, 1948)
Institutionalized dictatorship modeled on Stalin’s
Repressed/killed thousands and created a police state

SOUTH KOREA
Rhee Syngman
Nationalist and Christian
Politically conservative
Spent many years in the U.S.
Unpopular with many non-Christians
Unpopular with Koreans opposed to U.S. influence
Led to leftist movements
He imprisoned thousands and created police state

KOREAN WAR (1950-1953)
Both Koreas wanted Reunification – with force if necessary
United Nations passed resolution in favor of democratic unified Korea
North Korea (with Soviet and Chinese support) invaded South Korea (June 25, 1950)
U.S. General Douglas MacArthur ordered U.N. invasion of North Korea
With the successful invasion of North Korea, MacArthur wanted to push into China
Threatened by U.N./U.S. invasion, China supported North Korean Advance into South Korea
With stalemate, armistice signed restoring division at 38th Parallel (June 27, 1953)
North Korea: one of poorest nations in the world today under Kim Il-Jong
South Korea: One of Asia’s “Little Tigers”

THE CHINESE REVOLUTION
Sun Yat-sen – Father of Modern China? (Elected President Dec. 30, 1911)
May 4th Movement (May 4, 1919)
1920 – 1949 Civil War between Nationalists and Communists

CHINESE NATIONALISTS
Kuomintang (KMT)
Under leadership of Chiang Kai-shek
Allied with Shanghai business community
Formed United Front with Chinese Communists to unify country between 1926 and 1928
1928 – Expelled communists and killed thousands
Chiang ran the Republic of China from 1928-1937 from Capital in Nanjing
Attempted to modernize China along western lines
Received significant public and private aid from the United States

CHINESE COMMUNISTS
Mao Zedong
Peasant who saw base of Communists in Peasantry
Used violence to redistribute property
1935 – “Long March” with 100,000 soldiers
Fought 6,000 miles on foot
Moved into Northern Shensi Province
Set up Headquarters in Yenan – 1936

JAPANESE INVASION OF CHINA, 1937
Communists and Nationalists form uneasy front against Japan
Communists build up peasant support in Northern China
Communists build mass-based party
Communists foster cult of people/peasants

END OF WORLD WAR II IN CHINA

U.S. wants Nationalists and Communists to form coalition government
Nationalists refuse
Have more U.S. weapons
Thought could easily defeat CCP
Had no cause
Had no economic program
Many KMT generals warlords who fought each other for territory

CHINESE CIVIL WAR, 1946-1949
Communists had millions of peasants, few weapons
Gradually defeated KMT
Confiscated weapons
October 1, 1949, victorious Mao proclaims “The People’s Republic of China”
Chiang Kai-Shek, KMT flee to Taiwan

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, 1949-1957
Communists consolidate power
Economy a disaster at end of war
Rebuilt it rapidly with Soviet assistance, but still backward
Collectivized agriculture
Tried to industrialize along Soviet lines
Failed – too backward

“Great Leap Forward” – 1958
Urban population up 30% 1952-1957
Grain production stagnant
Mao solution – industrialize on the collectives
Put factories in rural areas
Worked at first
Failed without Soviet Assistance
1959 Huge Famine

“THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION” 1960-1978
Famine challenged communist myths
Peasants, workers turned against Mao and the CCP
The Cultural Revolution
Reeducate masses
Universities closed
Dissidents attacked
Millions killed, tortured, imprisoned
Only ended with Mao’s Death

U.S. AND CHINA
Both Chiang Kai-Shek and Mao Zedong committed to “One China”
Before 1971, U.S. recognized Nationalist Taiwan as “official” China
July 1971 – President Richard Nixon sends Henry Kissinger to China
October 1971, Taiwan Kicked out of U.N., “People’s Republic of China” brought in
May 1973 – Chinese and U.S. “normalize” all relations
Nixon agrees Taiwan should be reunified with China
January 1, 1979 President Jimmy Carter recognizes “People’s Republic of China” as “official” government of China

CHINA UNDER DENG XIOAPING (1978-1997)
Under Deng Xioping, China moves rapidly in a capitalist direction
Encourages trade, especially with the U.S.
Limited Democracy – much official repression
Tiananmen Square Massacre
Brings tanks in to fire on students protesting for Democracy, Liberal ideals of French and American Revolution

CONTEMPORARY CHINA

With Baoding English Class

CHALLENGES CHINA FACES

TAIWAN
Island largely populated by Malay peoples
Taiwan only annexed by Qing Dynasty in 17th Century
Encourage Chinese migration
1894/1910 Taiwan becomes Japanese Colony
Fostered Industrialization
Fostered Mass Education
1944 – 71% Chinese Literate
Only 10% Literate in Dutch East Indies and French Indochina
Restricted Taiwanese university education
Allowed Taiwanese farmers to own land
Main Point: Taiwan’s 20th Century History very different from that of Mainland China

END OF WORLD WAR II
Taiwan Reunified with China
KMT ruled Taiwan as conquered colony
Taiwanese Rebellion 1947
10,000 Taiwanese killed

DEFEAT OF KMT – 1949
Communists defeat Nationalists (KMT) in Chinese Civil War
Chiang Kai-shek and 2 million KMT soldiers flee to Taiwan
Brutally chase Taiwanese out of homes, factories, land
Thousands more killed
Taiwanese believe Chinese Nationalists worse than Japanese

UNITED STATES AND TAIWAN
1949 – U.S. recognizes Taiwan as “true” China
Taiwan admitted to United Nations
Taiwan grew economically
The KMT dictatorship morphs into democracy
U.S. invested capital
U.S. provided military support

IS TAIWAN A SEPARATE NATION OR A PROVINCE OF CHINA?
Improved U.S. Relations with Mao -> Taiwan no longer recognized
Tensions persist between China and Taiwan
Lee Teng-hui – member of KMT – first elected President of Taiwan 1996
Proclaims Taiwan will deal with mainland China on the basis of “special state-to-state relations”
China rejects “two-state theory”
Chen Shui-bian, head of Democratic Progressive Party, native Taiwanese elected President March 2000
Platform calls for Independent Taiwan
First victory of native Taiwanese over KMT
Significant and often escalating tensions between China and Taiwan
Ma-Ying-Jeou, ardent KMT, becomes President in March 2008

IS ONE CHINA POSSIBLE?
President Bush stands firm on U.S. Commitment to “One China” but…
Taiwan very democratic, little democracy in China
1992: China’s per capita GNP $560.00, Taiwan’s $9,300
2006: China’s per capita GNP $7,700,
Taiwan’s $29,000
U.S. ignores many human rights abuses in China, but…
China has 3rd largest economy in the world
U.S. has many economic interests in both Taiwan and China
Much of Chinese investment comes from Taiwanese

VIETNAM
Under French colonial control from 1880s
Created plantation economy in hands of French
Destroyed Vietnamese families
Took Vietnamese land
Used Vietnamese as forced laborers
Much resentment

Ho Chi Minh
One of Many Vietnamese nationalists opposed to French rule
Went to Paris seeking national self-determination for Vietnam in 1919-1920
No one would talk to him
Founded French Communist Party
Studied in the Soviet Union
Launched nationalist uprisings from China in 1930s
French put down uprisings, killing thousands
Had little influence in country

JAPANESE ACQUIRE VIETNAM
Germans make France give Vietnam to Japan 1940
When obvious would lose, Japanese attacked French in Vietnam
U.S. supports Ho Chi Minh, who creates Viet Minh to liberate Vietnam
General Vo Nguyen Giap occupies Hanoi after Japanese surrender
Proclaims Provisional Government with Ho Chi Minh as President
Ho Chi Minh proclaims Democratic Republic of Vietnam – September 2, 1945

VIETNAMESE WAR AGAINST THE FRENCH
French insist on keeping Vietnam leading to war 1946-1954
Ho Chi Minh controls North
French create puppet regime under Bao Dai, last of Nguyen emperors in South
War with France ends when Vietnamese devastate French troops in Battle of Dien Bien Phu – 1954

THE VIETNAM WAR
Geneva Conference
U.S. originally backed Ho Chi Minh, but scared by development of Communism in Korea and China
“The Domino Theory”
Recognized French government of Bao Dai
Gave government $4 billion in aid 1950-1954
Now U.S. backed division of country at 17th Parallel
Ho Chi Minh controlled North
Ngo Dinh Diem backed by U.S. controlled the Republic of Vietnam in the South
Soviets and China sent material aid but no soldiers to North Vietnam
U.S. sent half a million soldiers to South by 1969

DEFEAT OF SOUTH VIETNAM
South difficult to govern
Multiethnic
Divisions between Buddhists and Catholics
Corruption in Government
Ho Chi Minh sometimes popular as nationalist
Terrain difficult
U.S. dropped more tons of bombs on Vietnam than they did on Japan in World War II
U.S. used napalm to destroy foliage
Atrocities led much U.S. public opinion against war, many demonstrations
U.S. withdraws after much protest – 1973
Two years later, Saigon falls
Vietnam becomes Communist
Those who could, left
Vietnam communist, but moving in Capitalist direction like China
Still one of poorest countries in Asia

Globalization and Its Discontents

Have studied world history by country, but do countries matter anymore?

Southern California: Collectively 6th richest country in world

EU under threat now but collectively was 2nd largest economy to that of the US in 2006

Banks, corporations, even underground drug dealers may be more important in global economy than nation-states?

How does government fiscal policy work?

Learning Goal A
Understand the origins and forces that shaped the modern world from 1400 and the emerging factors that contribute to a multipolar world order:
China maybe most powerful country in the world in 1500
Much of class is about how Europe, the U.S., and Japan surpassed China economically and politically
Now? China a powerful economy, but politically ?

How Do You Measure Wealth?
GDP – GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT =the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country’s standard of living GDP = private consumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports − imports), or GDP = C + I + G +(X – M )
PER CAPITA GDP=GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER PERSON= GDP/POPULATION

Estimated GDP Per Capita Purchase Power Parity, 2006
>$30,000 $10,000-29,999 $5,000-9,999 $2,000-4,999 <$2,000 Luxembourg $71,400 Taiwan $29,500 Thailand $9,200 Serbia $4,400 Senegal $1,800 United Arab Emirates $49,700 Spain $27,400 Romania $9,100 Angola $4,400 Haiti $1,800 Norway $46,300 Israel $26,200 Brazil $8,800 Egypt $4,200 N. Korea $1,800 Ireland $44,509 S. Korea $24,500 Iran $8,700 Syria $4,100 Cote d’Ivoire $1,600 U.S. $44,000 Kuwait $23,100 Dom.Rep. $8,400 Cuba $4,000 Rwanda $1,600 Canada $35,000 Czech $21,900 Ukraine $7,800 Indonesia $3,900 Nigeria $1,500 Australia $33,300 Portugal $19,800 China $7,700 India $3,800 Gaza $1,500 Japan $33,100 Hungary $17,600 Algeria $7,600 Vietnam $3,100 West Bank $1,500 Netherlands $32,100 Argentina $15,200 Peru $6,600 Iraq $2,900 Tajikistan $1,300 Germany $31,900 Oman $14,400 Jordan $5,100 Cambodia $2,700 Burkina Faso $1,300 U.K.(England) $31,800 Poland $14,300 Philippines $5,000 Ghana $2,700 Mali $1,300 Singapore $31,400 Saudi Arabia $13,600 Pakistan $2,600 Benin $1,100 France $31,100 Croatia $13,400 Sudan $2,400 Afghanistan $800 Italy $30,200 Russia $12,200 Bangladesh $2,300 Congo (D.R.) $700 Mexico $10,700 Zimbabwe $2,100 Somalia $600 Richest Countries in the World 2011 Southern California Greater LA, Orange, San Bernardino, and Riverside Counties produce more output than Russia Throw in San Diego County, Southern California Produces more output than most of world Poorest Countries in the World, 2011 Globalization and Crime: What Makes a City Dangerous? Can History Explain Why Some Countries are Rich and Others Poor? - 2 Legacy of Wars World War I, exacerbated by Cold War Conflicts Instability in Middle East Israel/Palestine Iraq Iran World War II Japan received over 2 billion dollars from the US to rebuild after war Both Germany and Japan prevented from spending money on armies Cold War U.S. backed countries got better foreign aid and advice Marshall Funds, Europe Soviet priorities emphasized more weapons than aid North, South Korea East, West Germany Religious Fundamentalism and Ethnic Tensions Especially significant in Africa and the Middle East Civil strife not so good for economic development Natural Resources Not that Important France, Germany, Japan lack natural resources Nigeria and other impoverished countries in Africa extraordinarily rich in natural resources Can History Explain Why Some Countries are Rich and Others Poor? To some extent, the development of underdevelopment Colonial powers reshape economies and production in colonies to benefit themselves Colonial rule left legacies that made countries unstable—especially in Africa and Latin America Ruled through wealthy colonial elites, who own most land Pulled so much wealth out of colonies that it impoverished illiterate poor Often emphasized and exacerbated ethnic tensions to rule more effectively Emphasis on cash crops like Coffee and sugar impoverished whole countries except elites (later drugs become powerful cash crops) – retarded industrialization Where are We Going? Industrial Revolution—late 18th century Mechanization of textile industry Steam engine: use of machines to make things instead of crafting them by hand Second Industrial Revolution—late 19th Century Assembly line—turn people into machines Era of mass production Third Industrial Revolution? – Now? New materials, new processes Much lower input of labor, especially with robotics—cost of labor as a proportion of production cost will go down Key demand for labor will be in collaborative manufacturing services available on-line “The Days of huge factories full of lots of people are not there anymore”—Colin Smith, Director of Engineering and technology for Rolls Royce Digitization of manufacturing—everything in factory will be run by smarter software—Does this make more training and education crucial? If so, why is America cutting back on education and training so savagely? Will this bring production back to rich countries where demand for new goods is highest???????:? Learning Goal B Understand the recurring themes in the development of diverse cultures and societies since 1500, including the socio-economic, political, cultural and environmental impact of colonialism, industrialism, nationalism, and globalization How Do We Understand India? Colonialism – British dominate country for most of its modern history With industrialization, need to persuade people they want to buy goods and services – Advertising, media a part of this Capitalism – Those who run companies search for those who will work for the lowest wages? What does it tell us that the lowest wages might be in the U.S.? But do those willing to work for the lowest wages in the U.S. have the same skills as those working for low wages in India handling call centers? Global Population Population and Economic Development Don’t think about population much, but it is critical: China has second largest world economy, but per capita GDP still among that of poorest countries: Should China have a one-child policy-what kinds of odd demographic effects produced by policy—aging and male population India prospering, but large size of population dragging down its economy and the well-being of ordinary people What is the difference between the ways in which countries, religions, dictatorships, democracy make decisions on population? How do these decisions affect men, women, and children? W UYGHURS PROTESTING CHINESE ETHNIC CLEANSING Environment and Technology Much of Chinese History about controlling flood waters How does population growth and the demands of industrial society affect the environment? What is the relationship between environment and technology? Why/are we so inept in dealing with environmental crises? Hurricane Katrina BP Oil Spill Bringing It All Together Learning Goal C: Critically engage with source material, including original records, eyewitness accounts, memoirs, newsppaers, surveys, statistics, film, and scientific treatises When our products are global, our History needs to be global as well

Where Is the World’s Wealth?
The World’s GDP

WORLD	65,950,000,000,000
U.S.	13,130,000,000,000
EU	13,060,000,000,000
CHINA	10,170,000,000,000
JAPAN	4,218,000,000,000
INDIA	4,156,000,000,000
RUSSIA	1,746,000,000,000
BRAZIL	1,655,000,000,000
SOUTH KOREA	1,196,000,000,000
CANADA	1,178,000,000,000
MEXICO	1,149,000,000,000
INDONESIA	948,300,000,000
TAIWAN	680,500,000,000

De-colonization in the Middle East

De-colonization in Palestine

De-colonization in Egypt

De-colonization in Algeria

Terms: Balfour Declaration, Gamal Nasser, Suez Crisis, Pied Noir

Mandates
Colonies under a new name in the Middle East:
Syria, Lebanon to France
Lebanon, Independent 1943
Syria, Independent 1945
Palestine, Iraq to Great Britain
Iraq Independent in 1932 but British troops continued to support non-Iraqui monarch
Leftist coup 1958—ended British rule

I. De-colonization in Palestine
Palestine before Israel
Massive Jewish migration between wars
British tried to halt migration-failed with Holocaust
Britain turned it over to the United Nations in 1947

Creation of State of Israel
U.N. Declared Partition of Palestine
David Ben-Gurion declares statehood, 1948
War ended hostilities
Israel a state in area it occupied
600,000 Palestinians fled or were driven out, creating new population of stateless refugees

De-colonization in Egypt
European imperialism in Egypt
The Rise of Gamal Nasser – Army overthrows King Farouk and asserts independence
The Suez Crisis
1956- Britain withdraws troops
Egypt nationalizes waters/canal
Provoked – Israel attacks Egypt
France and England send ships to protect canal
U.S. forces French/British withdrawal
Begin of the end for Br. And Fr. Colonial Empires
U.S. moving in as interventionist power in Middle East

Algeria under the French
Algeria under the French from 19th Century
Many French migrated to Algeria – largest European settler pop. In N. Africa—the pieds noirs (black boots) – held 1/3 of all land
By 1950—80% pieds noirs born in Algeria
Algeria not a colony but an integral part of France
Algerian elite saw selves as more French than Algerian

Algerian War
FLN (National Liberation Front) launches movement for independence from French – 1954
French dug in, sending 400,000 troops to Algeria
Algerian women hiding behind headscarfs planted bombs in European cafes
French soldiers savagely tortured Algerian Arabs
Brutality of French soldiers led to massive anti-war protests in France
Led army to use torture against French citizens in France

Algerian War Continued
Pieds Noirs – determined to keep Algerian French, threatened coups, set off bombs in France and Algeria, and assassinated politicians
1958 army coup brings Charles de Gaulle to power – hope strong leader would keep Algeria
De Gaulle negotiates emergency powers and creates strong presidency to deal with crisis
Terrorism in France and Algeria escalated
De Gaulle negotiates settlement with Algerian leaders in 1962, making Algeria Independent after 300,000 Algerians and 20,000 Frenchmen killed
Millions of pieds noirs and Algerian supporters flee to France

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