Help Line Blood App Paper

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTINGASSESSMENT COVER SHEET
Web Programming
Resit- Individual website code and written report
Resit Component B (Individual website code and written report)
REQUIREMENTS
Student should be able to create a CRUD (Create Read Update and Delete) web
application using HTML, CSS, Java Script and Python with Db connectivity. Web
application should have responsive UI, LESP, system architecture needs to be
clearly defined and implemented.
FINAL DELIVERABLES
•
•
A Report in hard copy as per guidelines with Standard top sheet.
Report will contain a CD which should have soft copy of the report
along with complete code.
CD should contain the following:
1. An integrated web system with source code in ZIP file (using e.g., 7Zip). This should
contain all the files and folders for the full working website. All programme files must have
group ID and student name who has written the code.
2. Relevant Database (e.g. MySQL) dump.
3. A word document that includes names and student ids. This document should also
provide a very basic guide (or instructions) about how to setup their website for testing
including any test usernames and passwords. Suitable test data should also be provided to
test the website functionality.
Design and Implementation requirements
Page 1 of 4
Blood Bank Management System
Blood Bank Management system will contain some basic information related to Blood
bank and CRUD operations need to apply by keeping in mind the following actors
along with the types of action which they can perform.
The website MoSCoW requirements are identify using (M=Must, S=Should, C=Could, W=
Would) below:
ADMIN:•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Manage Registration for user [M]
Manage Blood bank information like (update, delete) [M]
Manage Donor Request for Donor [M]
Manage patient Request for needy people [S]
Manage Inquiry form for Appropriate Reply [C]
Manage feedback for Appropriate Reply [C]
Blood bank information view/update [S]
View Donor information [M]
Manage Patient Blood Request. [S]
DONOR:•
•
Manage Donor information(profile) [M]
Add new Donation for Blood [S]
PATIENT:•
•
Manage patient information(profile) [M]
Give the Request for patient for blood [S]
Bonus Task:
System is implemented with functionality of reports generation in a good format. Example of
reports are as follow:
•
•
•
•
Report of the requested blood according to blood groups
Report of Donors with respect to different age groups
Report of entertained requests with respect to blood bank
Summary of pending requests
Page 2 of 4
Web Project Student Checklist (Tick the relevant option)
1. Navigation
Always
Compliance
Sometimes
Never
Always
Compliance
Sometimes
Never
Always
Compliance
Sometimes
Never
Always
Compliance
Sometimes
Never
Always
Compliance
Sometimes
Never
Always
Compliance
Sometimes
Never
Always
Compliance
Sometimes
Never
Always
Compliance
Sometimes
Never
There is a clear indication of the current location
There is a clearly-identified link to the Home page
All major parts of the site are accessible from the Home page
Site structure is simple, with no unnecessary levels
If necessary an easy to use search function is available
2. Functionality
All functionality is clearly labelled
All necessary functionality is available without leaving the site
3. Control
The user can cancel all operations
There is a clear exit point on every page
All graphics links are available as textual links
The site support the user flows
The site support all browsers
Language
The language used is simple
4. Feedback
If necessary, online help is available
It is always clear what is happening on the site
Users can receive email feedback if necessary
Users can give feedback via email or a feedback form
5. Consistency
Only one word or term is used to describe any item
Links match titles of the pages to which they refer
Standard colours are used for links and visited links
Terminology is consistent with general web usage
6. Error prevention and correction
Errors do not occur unnecessarily
Error message is in plain language
Error messages describe what action is necessary
Error messages provide a clear exit point
Error messages provide contact details for assistance
7. Visual clarity
The layout is clear
All images have ALT text assigned
Unnecessary animation is avoided
Page 3 of 4
Grading Criteria
Page 4 of 4
1.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is my pleasure to be indebted to various people, who directly or indirectly contributed
in the development of this work and who influenced our thinking, behavior, and acts
during the course of our training.
I would like to thank the almighty and my parents for their moral support and my friends
with whom I shared our day-to-day experience and received lots of suggestions that
improved our quality of work.
2.About Project
Blood Bank Management System
2.1 Introduction
The BLOOD BANK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is great project. this project is designed
for successful completion of project on blood bank management system. the basic
building aim is to provide blood donation service to the city recently. Blood Bank
Management System (BBMS) is a browser-based system that is designed to store,
process, retrieve and analyze information concerned with the administrative and
inventory management within a blood bank. This project aims at maintaining all the
information pertaining to blood donors, different blood groups available in each blood
bank and help them manage in a better way. Aim is to provide transparency in this field,
make the process of obtaining blood from a blood bank hassle free and corruption free
and make the system of blood bank management effective.
The Blood bank system project report contain information related to blood like
•
Blood type
•
Date of Donation of blood
•
validity of Blood s
•
Available Blood group
2.2 Need of Blood Bank Management System
Bank blood donation system in java is planned to collect blood from many donators in
short from various sources and distribute that blood to needy people who require blood.
To do all this we require high quality software to manage those jobs. The government
spending lot of money to develop high quality “Blood Bank management system
project”. For do all those kinds of need blood bank management system project in java
contain modules which are include the detail of following areas:
•
Blood Donor
•
Equipment’s
•
Stick
•
Blood Recipient
•
Blood collection
•
Camp
•
Stock details
•
blood bank system project Reports
•
Blood issued
•
Blood bank system project
2.3 Abstract of Blood Bank Management System
Help Line is an voluntary and non-governmental organization. It maintains Online library
of blood donors in India. Sometimes Doctors and Blood bank project have to face the
difficulty in finding the blood group Donors at right time. Help Line has attempted to
provide the answer by taking upon itself the task of collecting Blood bank project
nationwide for the cause and care of people in need.
At any point of time the people who are in need can reach the donors through our search
facility. By mobilizing people and organization who desire to make a difference in the
lives of people in need. On the basis of humanity, everyone is welcome to register as a
blood donor.
Blood Bank Management System (BBMS) is a browser-based system that is designed to
store, process, retrieve and analyze information concerned with the administrative and
inventory management within a blood bank. This project aims at maintaining all the
information pertaining to blood donors, different blood groups available in each blood
bank and help them manage in a better way. Aim is to provide transparency in this field,
make the process of obtaining blood from a blood bank hassle free and corruption free
and make the system of blood bank management effective.
2.5 Features:
2.5.1 Blood Camp Management And Reporting
•
Provides recording of details of camp beginning from
allocation of staff, details of facilities available in the camp
venue.
•
Provides assigning of donor to a particular camp and
generate camp organizer report
•
Automated report generation of camp details for
submission to the Government
•
Donor Management
• The system allows automatic component data generation
based on the component selected in the blood donor form.
• The system allows bulk update for serology for blood
units. Serology result for many donors can be updated at
once.
• The system allows for either component creation before
serology test or vice versa. Based on the serology test, the
component created are updated automatically
• The system allows bar-coded blood bag number entry
• All donor related reports are excel downloadable
• All Reports provides filtering over many factors like Blood
Group, gender, area, blood Camp, date of donation, donor
type etc.
• The system provides easy link for easy edit or adding
details for various sections of the donor form
• During form filling, the system notifies the user how much
percentage of donor data has been updated
2.5.3 Donor Test Results Management and Adverse
Reaction Data
Management
•
Provides filterable selections for donor selections
•
Excel download of all reports
•
The reports are highly configurable and can be
configured to display data as per institution
requirements.
•
Search based on Component ID, Donor
Registration ID, Donor BloodBag Number and
Donor Name
a) The results displayed in search is highly configurable
•
The search functionality also allows for site-wide search. It
means a user can search for any data available in the
system
•
Custom links can be added in the search results to allow
easier navigation and accessibility
•
Blood Components Management
• Automatic generation of components form donor form
•
Based on the date of collection, the system automatically
derives the date of expiry and disallows issue of
component if unit has expired
•
Until the serology test is done, the system marks the status
of the the component as test awaited. And only after
serology test is done, the component is marked for Ready
for Issue
•
The Available components list is available and the system
automatically generates the list of components that are
ready for issue to be available.
•
Patient Management System
•
Captures patient personal information as well as the
hospital where blood is requireda)
•
The system allows for reserving a unit for 24 hours for a
patient)
•
The blood component issued, the payment made as well as
link to the final bill is available when the patient page is
opened
•
The data allows reports like: Issue Register, Reserved
Units and Patient Inventory Liste)
•
•
The system allows for capturing transfusion reaction data
Blood Issue and Billing
•
Ability to provide adjustments in the final payment receipt
for concession for blood unit
•
The system prevents blood issue if cross-match is not done
or fails
•
Final bill gets generated only if only the payment has been
accounted for
•
Final bill gets generated only component selected has been
serology tested and is ready for issue
•
•
Auto-generated final receipt
•
Auto-generated Cross-matching report
Managing Practical Solutions For Blood Bank
Management
•
The system allows components to be created before serology
and vice-versa.
•
The system takes care to automatically update the
components when serology is done.
3.6 Applications:
This application is built such a way that it should suits for all
type of blood banks in future. So every effort is taken to implement this project in this
blood bank, on successful implementation in this blood bank, we can target other blood
banks in the city.
2.7 OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of this application is to automate the complete operations of the
blood bank. They need maintain hundreds of thousands of records. Also searching should
be very faster so they can find required details instantly.
To develop a web-based portal to facilitate the co-ordination between supply and demand
of blood . This system makes conveniently available good quality, safe blood and other
blood components, which can be provided in a sound, ethical and acceptable manner,
consistent with the long-term well being of the community. It actively encourage
voluntary blood donation, motivate and maintain a well-indexed record of blood donors
and educate the community on the benefits of blood donation. This will also serve as the
site for interaction of best practices in reducing unnecessary utilization of blood and help
the state work more efficiently towards self-sufficiency in blood.
The system will provide the user the option to look at the details of the existing Donor
List, Blood Group and to add a new Donor. It also allows the user to modify the record.
The administrator can alter all the system data.
3.1 Software & Tools Used:
3.1.1 HTML
HTML or Hyper Text Markup Language is the standard markup language used to
create web pages.
HTML was created in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in Switzerland. It was
designed to allow scientists to display and share their research.
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle
brackets(like ). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like and ,
although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example .
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also
called opening tags and closing tags).
The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into
visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the
tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website
semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language rather than a
programming language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and
objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means
to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings,
paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages
such as Java Script which affect the behavior of HTML web pages.
HTML is descriptive markup language. Library of various markup languages is defined
in various browsers.
a) HTML Images – The Tag and the Src Attribute
In HTML, images are defined with the tag.
The tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing
tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for “source”.
The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:
b) HTML FORMS
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
The tag is used to create
an HTML form:
.
input
elements
.
An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons,
submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend,
and label elements.
c) Image tag () :
To add an image to an HTML document, we just need to include an tag with a
reference to the desired image. The tag is an empty element i.e. it doesn’t require
a
closing tag and we can use it to include from small icons to large images.
Syntax:
d) HTML Lists:
An ordered list:
•
The first list item
•
The second list item
•
The third list item
An unordered list:
•
List item
•
List item
•
List item
3.1.2 HTML 5
HTML5 will be the new standard for HTML. The previous version of HTML, HTML
4.01,
came in 1999. The web has changed a lot since then. HTML5 is still a work in progress.
However, the major browsers support many of the new HTML5 elements and APIs.
HTML5 is cooperation between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web
Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG).
WHATWG was working with web forms and applications, and W3C was working with
XHTML 2.0. In 2006, they decided to cooperate and create a new version of HTML.
Some rules for HTML5 were established:
a) New features should be based on HTML, CSS, DOM, and JavaScript
b) Reduce the need for external plug-ins (like Flash)
c) Better error handling
d) More markup to replace scripting
e) HTML5 should be device independent
f) The development process should be visible to the public
3.1.3 CSS
CSS tutorial or CSS 3 tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of CSS technology.
Our CSS tutorial is developed for beginners and professionals. The major points of CSS
are given below:
•
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet.
•
CSS is used to design HTML tags.
•
CSS is a widely used language on the web.
•
HTML, CSS and JavaScript are used for web designing. It helps the web
designers to apply style on HTML tags.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and
formatting of a document written in a markup language. While most often used to
style web pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be
applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a
cornerstone specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to
describe their presentation.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document
presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can
improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of
presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce
complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for table less web
design).
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different
rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speechbased browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used
to allow the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on
which it is being viewed. While the author of a document typically links that document to
a CSS file, readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to
override the one the author has specified.
With plain HTML you define the colors and sizes of text and tables throughout your
pages. If
you want to change a certain element you will therefore have to work your way through
the
document and change it. With CSS you define the colors and sizes in “styles”. Then as
you
write your documents you refer to the styles. Therefore: if you change a certain style it
will
change the look of your entire site. Another big advantage is that CSS offers much more
detailed attributes than plain HTML for defining the look and feel of your site.
3.1.4 JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript (JS) is a dynamic computer programming language. It is most commonly
used as part of web browsers, whose implementations allow client-side scripts to interact
with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document
content that is displayed. It is also being used in server-side network programming (with
Node.js), game development and the creation of desktop and mobile applications.
JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and has firstclass functions. Its syntax was influenced by C. JavaScript copies many names and
naming conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have
very different semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the
Self and Scheme programming languages. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting
object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.
The application of JavaScript in use outside of web pages—for example, in PDF
documents, site-specific browsers, and desktop widgets—is also significant. Newer and
faster JavaScript VMs and platforms built upon them (notably Node.js) have also
increased the popularity of JavaScript for server-side web applications. On the client side,
JavaScript was traditionally implemented as an interpreted language but just-in-time
compilation is now performed by recent (post-2012) browsers.
JavaScript was formalized in the ECMA Script language standard and is primarily used
as part of a web browser (client-side JavaScript). This enables programmatic access to
objects within a host environment.
JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world.
It is the language for HTML, for the Web, for computers, servers, laptops, tablets, smart
phones, and more.
You can use JavaScript to:
a) Change HTML elements
•
Delete HTML elements
•
Create new HTML elements
•
Copy and clone HTML elements
5. About Back End:
In a previous blog, we talked about how web programmers are concerned with launching
websites, updates, and maintenance, among other things. All of that works to support the
front-end of the website. The back-end has three parts to it: server, application, and
database.
To better explain how all of this works, let’s use the example of a customer trying to
purchase a plane ticket using a website. Everything that the customer sees on the webpage
is the front-end, as we have explained before, but once that customer enters all of his or her
information, ssssuch as their name, billing address, destination, etc, the web application
stores the information in a database that was created previously on the server in which the
website is calling for information.
The web application creates, deletes, changes, renames, etc items in the database. For
example, when a customer purchases a ticket, that creates an item in the database, but
when they have a change in their order or they wish to cancel, the item in the database is
changed.
. In short, when a customer wants to buy a ticket, the backend operation is the web
application communicating with the server to make a change in a database stored on said
server. Technologies like PHP, Ruby, Python, and others are the ones backend
programmers use to make this communication work smoothly, allowing the customer to
purchase his or her ticket with ease.
5.1 MySQL’s Logical Architecture
The topmost layer contains the services that aren’t unique to MySQL. They’re services
most network-based client/server tools or servers need: connection handling,
authentication, security, and so forth.
.
The third layer contains the storage engines. They are responsible for storing and
retrieving all data stored “in” MySQL. Like the various filesystems available for
GNU/Linux, each storage engine has its own benefits and drawbacks. The server
communicates with them through the storage engine API. This interface hides differences
between storage engines and makes them largely transparent at the query layer. The API
contains a couple of dozen low-level functions that perform operations such as “begin a
transaction” or “fetch the row that has this primary key.” The storage engines don’t parse
SQL or communicate with each other; they simply respond to requests from the server.
Reasons to Use MySQL
a) Scalability and Flexibility
The MySQL database server provides the ultimate in scalability, sporting the capacity to
handle deeply embedded applications with a footprint of only 1MB to running massive
data warehouses holding terabytes of information. Platform flexibility is a stalwart
feature of MySQL with all flavors of Linux, UNIX, and Windows being supported.
b) High Performance
A unique storage-engine architecture allows database professionals to configure the
MySQL database server specifically for particular applications, with the end result being
amazing performance results.
C) High Availability
Rock-solid reliability and constant availability are hallmarks of MySQL, with customers
relying on MySQL to guarantee around-the-clock uptime. MySQL offers a variety of
high-availability options from high-speed master/slave replication configurations, to
specialized Cluster servers offering instant failover, to third party vendors offering unique
high-availability solutions for the MySQL database server.
d) Robust Transactional Support
MySQL offers one of the most powerful transactional database engines on the market.
Features include complete ACID (atomic, consistent, isolated, durable) transaction
support, unlimited row-level locking, distributed transaction capability, and multi-version
transaction support where readers never block writers and vice-versa.
e) Web and Data Warehouse Strengths
MySQL is the de-facto standard for high-traffic web sites because of its highperformance query engine, tremendously fast data inserts capability, and strong support
for specialized web functions like fast full text searches.
f) Strong Data Protection
Because guarding the data assets of corporations is the number one job of database
professionals, MySQL offers exceptional security features that ensure absolute data
protection. In terms of database authentication, MySQL provides powerful mechanisms
for ensuring only authorized users have entry to the database server, with the ability to
block users down to the client machine level being possible.
g) Management Ease
MySQL offers exceptional quick-start capability with the average time from software
download to installation completion being less than fifteen minutes. This rule holds true
whether the platform is Microsoft Windows, Linux, Macintosh, or UNIX.
6. Minimum Hardware Specification:
6.1 Hardware Requirement
Processor
:
Intel Core Duo 2.0 GHz or more
RAM
:
1 GB or More
Harddisk
:
80GB or more
Monitor
:
Keyboard
Mouse
15” CRT, or LCD monitor
:
:
Normal or Multimedia
Compatible mouse
6.2 Software Requirement
Front End
:
Visual Basic 2005 Express edition
With Sql Server Compact Edition
Microsoft SDK 2.0
Or
Visual Basic 2008 Express edition
With Sql Server Compact Edition
Microsoft SDK 3.0
Back End
:
MS Sql Server
Operation System
:
Windows 7 with server pack 2
Or
Windows 8.1
7.DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY USED
7.1 HTML
HTML or Hyper Text Markup Language is the standard markup language used to
create web pages.
HTML was created in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in Switzerland. It was
designed to allow scientists to display and share their research.
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle
brackets(like ). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like and ,
although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example .
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also
called opening tags and closing tags).
The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into
visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the
tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website
semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language rather than a
programming language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and
objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means
to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings,
paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages
such as Java Script which affect the behavior of HTML web pages.
HTML is descriptive markup language. Library of various markup languages is defined
in various browsers.
7.1.1 HTML Images – The Tag and the Src Attribute
In HTML, images are defined with the tag.
The tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing
tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for “source”.
The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:
7.1.2 HTML FORMS
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons,
submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend,
and label elements.
7.1.3 Image tag () :
To add an image to an HTML document, we just need to include an tag with a
reference to the desired image. The tag is an empty element i.e. it doesn’t require
a
closing tag and we can use it to include from small icons to large images.
Syntax:
7.1.4 HTML Lists :
An ordered list:
•
The first list item
•
The second list item
•
The third list item
An unordered list:
•
List item
•
List item
•
List item
7.2 HTML 5
HTML5 will be the new standard for HTML. The previous version of HTML, HTML
4.01,
came in 1999. The web has changed a lot since then. HTML5 is still a work in progress.
However, the major browsers support many of the new HTML5 elements and APIs.
HTML5 is cooperation between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web
Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG).
WHATWG was working with web forms and applications, and W3C was working with
XHTML 2.0. In 2006, they decided to cooperate and create a new version of HTML.
Some rules for HTML5 were established:
a) New features should be based on HTML, CSS, DOM, and JavaScript
b) Reduce the need for external plug-ins (like Flash)
c) Better error handling
d) More markup to replace scripting
e) HTML5 should be device independent
f) The development process should be visible to the public
7.3 CSS
CSS tutorial or CSS 3 tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of CSS technology.
Our CSS tutorial is developed for beginners and professionals. The major points of CSS
are given below:
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet.
CSS is used to design HTML tags.
CSS is a widely used language on the web.
HTML, CSS and JavaScript are used for web designing. It helps the web designers to
apply style on HTML tags.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and
formatting of a document written in a markup language. While most often used to
style web pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be
applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a
cornerstone specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to
describe their presentation.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document
presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can
improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of
presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce
complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for table less web
design).
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different
rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speechbased browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used
to allow the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on
which it is being viewed. While the author of a document typically links that document to
a CSS file, readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to
override the one the author has specified.
With plain HTML you define the colors and sizes of text and tables throughout your
pages. If
you want to change a certain element you will therefore have to work your way through
the
document and change it. With CSS you define the colors and sizes in “styles”. Then as
you
write your documents you refer to the styles. Therefore: if you change a certain style it
will
change the look of your entire site. Another big advantage is that CSS offers much more
detailed attributes than plain HTML for defining the look and feel of your site.
7.4 JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript (JS) is a dynamic computer programming language. It is most commonly
used as part of web browsers, whose implementations allow client-side scripts to interact
with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document
content that is displayed. It is also being used in server-side network programming (with
Node.js), game development and the creation of desktop and mobile applications.
JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language with dynamic typing and has firstclass functions. Its syntax was influenced by C. JavaScript copies many names and
naming conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have
very different semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the
Self and Scheme programming languages. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting
object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.
The application of JavaScript in use outside of web pages—for example, in PDF
documents, site-specific browsers, and desktop widgets—is also significant. Newer and
faster JavaScript VMs and platforms built upon them (notably Node.js) have also
increased the popularity of JavaScript for server-side web applications. On the client side,
JavaScript was traditionally implemented as an interpreted language but just-in-time
compilation is now performed by recent (post-2012) browsers.
JavaScript was formalized in the ECMA Script language standard and is primarily used
as part of a web browser (client-side JavaScript). This enables programmatic access to
objects within a host environment.
JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world.
It is the language for HTML, for the Web, for computers, servers, laptops, tablets, smart
phones, and more.
You can use JavaScript to:
a) Change HTML elements
•
Delete HTML elements
•
Create new HTML elements
•
Copy and clone HTML elements
7.5 MySQL’s Logical Architecture
The database has become an integral part of almost every human’s life. Without it, many
things we do would become very tedious, perhaps impossible tasks. Banks, universities,
and libraries are three examples of organizations that depend heavily on some sort of
database system. On the Internet, search engines, online shopping, and even the website
naming convention would be impossible without the use of a database. A database that is
implemented and interfaced on a computer is often termed a database server.
The topmost layer contains the services that aren’t unique to MySQL. They’re services
most network-based client/server tools or servers need: connection handling,
authentication, security, and so fort
The third layer contains the storage engines. They are responsible for storing and
retrieving all data stored “in” MySQL. Like the various filesystems available for
GNU/Linux, each storage engine has its own benefits and drawbacks. The server
communicates with them through the storage engine API. This interface hides differences
between storage engines and makes them largely transparent at the query layer. The API
contains a couple of dozen low-level functions that perform operations such as “begin a
transaction” or “fetch the row that has this primary key.” The storage engines don’t parse
SQL[4] or communicate with each other; they simply respond to requests from the server.
8. Software Development Process:
8.1 Life Cycle Used to develop this Project
Life cycle used
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SDLC
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), or Software Development Life Cycle, in
systems engineering and software engineering relates to the process of developing
systems, and the models and methodologies, that people use to develop these systems,
generally computer or information systems.
In software engineering this SDLC concept is developed into all kinds of software
development methodologies, the framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the
process of dev
8.1 Overview
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is any logical process used by a systems
analyst to develop an information system, including requirements, validation, training,
and user ownership. An SDLC should result in a high quality system that meets or
exceeds customer expectations, within time and cost estimates, works effectively and
efficiently in the current and planned Information Technology infrastructure, and is cheap
to maintain and cost-effective to enhance.
Computer systems have become more complex and usually (especially with the advent of
Service-Oriented Architecture) link multiple traditional systems often supplied by
different software vendors. To manage this, a number of system development life cycle
(SDLC) models have been created: waterfall, fountain, spiral, build and fix, rapid
prototyping, incremental, and synchronize and stabilize. Although in the academic sense,
SDLC can be used to refer to various models, SDLC is typically used to refer to a
waterfall methodology.
In project management a project has both a life cycle and a “systems development life
cycle” during which a number of typical activities occur. The project life cycle (PLC)
encompasses all the activities of the project, while the systems development life cycle
(SDLC) is focused on accomplishing the product requirements.
8.2 Systems Development Phases
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) adheres to important phases that are essential
for developers, such as planning, analysis, design, and implementation, and are explained
in the section below. There are several Systems Development Life Cycle Models in
existence. The oldest model, that was originally regarded as “the Systems Development
Life Cycle” is the waterfall model: a sequence of stages in which the output of each stage
becomes the input for the next. These stages generally follow the same basic steps but
many different waterfall methodologies give the steps different names and the number of
steps seems to vary between 4 and 7. There is no definitively correct Systems
Development Life Cycle model, but t he steps can be characterized and divided in several
steps.
8.2.1 Initiation
8.2.2 System Concept Development
8.2.3 Planning Requirement Analysis
8.2.4 Design
8.2.5 Development
8.2.6 Integration Test
8.2.7 Implementation
8.2.8 Operation & Maintenance
8.2.1 INITIATION PHASE
The Initiation Phase begins when a business sponsor identifies a need or an opportunity.
The purpose of the Initiation Phase is to:
· Identify and validate an opportunity to improve business accomplishments of the
organization or a deficiency related to a business need.
· Identify significant assumptions and constraints on solutions to that need.
· Recommend the exploration of alternative concepts and methods to satisfy the need
including questioning the need for technology, i.e., will a change in the business process
offer a solution?
· Assure executive business and executive technical sponsorship.
8.2.2 System Concept Development Phase
The System Concept Development Phase begins after a business need or opportunity is
validated by the Agency/Organization Program Leadership and the Agency/Organization
CIO. The purpose of the System Concept Development Phase is to:
· Determine the feasibility and appropriateness of the alternatives.
· Identify system interfaces.
· Identify basic functional and data requirements to satisfy the business need.
· Establish system boundaries; identify goals, objectives, critical success factors, and
performance measures.
· Evaluate costs and benefits of alternative approaches to satisfy the basic functional
requirements
· Assess project risks
· Identify and initiate risk mitigation actions, and
· Develop high-level technical architecture, process models, data models, and a concept
of operations.
•
PLANNING PHASE
8.2.3.1 Problem Recognition
A problem is well defined very rarely. It corps out with a vague feeling of some
statements that lead to vague conclusions. So the first task is to get more crucial
information by interviewing and meeting concerned people. It clarifies how the problem
is felt, how often it occurs, how it affects the business and which departments are
suffering with this. This phase consists of the following tasks.
•
Problem Definition And Initial Investigation
This was a preliminary investigation done with a view to have a “feel” of the working of
the proposed system. This phase has been identified the end-user directly involved in the
system who were the managers, assistant officer and database administrator, and the
development department. By understanding the working of database, its flow and also
after conducting meetings and interviews with the concerned persons of the department, a
clear idea about the working was obtained. A flexible approach is adapted towards people
who are interviewed. Short hand written notes are prepared based on the response of the
employees. The interviews are preferably conducted at the work place of the person being
interviewed. Detailed investigation is done in order to define the scope of the problem
.The interview is concluded with a quick resume of the ground covered during the
interview .The Questionnaire technique is combined with interviews to get the best result.
Proper care has been taken in the design of such questionnaires so that the persons
answering these questions do not feel hesitant. An explanatory note that serves to gain
cooperation and avoid misunderstanding by setting out the purpose of the exercise clearly
accomplishes each questionnaire.
8.2.3.3 Feasibility study
A feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to its workability impact on
organization, ability to meet user needs and effective use of resources. The objective of a
feasibility study is not to solve a problem but to acquire a sense of its scope. During the
study, the problem definition is crystallized and the aspects of the problem to be included
in the system are determined. After the initial investigation of the system that helped to
have in-depth study of the existing system, understanding its strength and weaknesses
and the requirements for the new proposed system.
Feasibility study was done in three phases documented below.
8.2.3.3.1 Behavioral feasibility: People are inherently resistant to change and
computers have been known to facilitate change. There is always some reluctance among
the users against the introduction of new system but they were told that this system would
eliminate the unnecessary overhead of database migration and conversion, which
presently had to be carried out on daily basis to facilitate transactions between the
different departments. The objective this feasibility phase is to take the operational staff
into confidence
8.2.3.3.2 Economic feasibility: Economic feasibility is the most frequently used
method for evaluating the effectiveness of the candidate system. More commonly known
as cost\benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are
expected from a candidate system and compare them with the costs. If benefits outweigh
the costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system. A cost\benefit
analysis was done for the proposed system to evaluate whether it would be economically
viable or not.
8.2.3.3.3 Technical feasibility: Technical feasibility centers on the existing
computer system. (Hardware/software) and to what extent it can support the proposed
addition also the organization already has sufficient high-end machines to serve the
processing requirements of the proposed system. So there is no need to purchase new
software as the organization has necessary software i.e.tomcat5.0, j2ee1.4, Microsoft
SQL Server or hardware to support the proposed system
8.2.3.4 ANALYSIS PHASE
Existing System Details and Problems
8.2.3.4.1It was difficult to set the JDK information on the system in the mean time.
Moreover it was a time consuming affair if a person is new to start working with java.
•
It was difficult to solve the problems those were arising during a particular
installation of the software because of hardware compatibility issues.
•
Moreover there is usage an issue concerned with the software .This issue has been
resolved by the WEB-IDE by providing Integrated Environment facility to its
users.
•
This system provides the feature of uploading a java file already on the local
machine of the user or he can make altogether a new java program using this
IDE and save it on his local machine also..
8.2.3.5 User Requirements
Since end users are the ones who are finally going to use the system, their requirements
need to be identified. This involves questioning the end users what their expectations
were. The main requirement of the end user is that the system should be easy to use and
take less time. In addition to these another important factor was to eliminate the need for
database conversion and migration that had to be carried out presently. After conducting
interviews with the users a document called the software requirement specification was
created. This is the most important document that forms the basis for system
development. It should be consistent, complete, unambiguous, traceable and inter-related.
This document has the following components:
•
Functional Requirements:The functional requirements specify relationship
between the inputs and outputs.
All the operations to be performed on the
input data to obtain output are to be specified. This includes specifying the
validity checks on the input and output data, parameters affected by the
operations and the other operations, which must be used to transform the
inputs into outputs. Functional requirements specify the behavior of the
system for valid input and outputs.
8.2.3.5.2 Performance Requirements
This section includes performance of the product that are set by user interaction and
studying the existing system of the organization. These are stated in complete measurable
terms, so that they can be verified during system evaluation phase. Some of the
performance requirements are stated below.
8.2.4 DEVELOPMENT PHASE
Effective completion of the previous stages is a key factor in the success of the
Development phase. The Development phase consists of:
· Translating the detailed requirements and design into system components.
· Testing individual elements (units) for usability.
· Preparing for integration and testing of the IT system.
8.2.5 INTEGRATION AND TEST PHASE
Subsystem integration, system, security, and user acceptance testing is conducted during
the integration and test phase. The user, with those responsible for quality assurance,
validates that the functional requirements, as defined in the functional requirements
document, are satisfied by the developed or modified system. OIT Security staff assesses
the system security and issue a security certification and accreditation prior to
installation/implementation. Multiple levels of testing are performed, including:
· Testing at the development facility by the contractor and possibly supported by end
users
· Testing as a deployed system with end users working together with contract personnel
· Operational testing by the end user alone performing all functions.
8.2.6 IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
This phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by the user. In this
phase, the system is installed to support the intended business functions. System
performance is compared to performance objectives established during the planning
phase. Implementation includes user notification, user training, installation of hardware,
installation of software onto production computers, and integration of the system into
daily work processes.
This phase continues until the system is operating in production in accordance with the
defined user requirements.
8.2.7 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PHASE
The system operation is ongoing. The system is monitored for continued performance in
accordance with user requirements and needed system modifications are incorporated.
Operations continue as long as the system can be effectively adapted to respond to the
organization’s needs. When modifications or changes are identified, the system may
reenter the planning phase. The purpose of this phase is to:
· Operate, maintain, and enhance the system.
· Certify that the system can process sensitive information.
· Conduct periodic assessments of the system to ensure the functional requirements
continue to be satisfied.
· Determine when the system needs to be modernized, replaced, or retired.
8.2.8 DISPOSITION PHASE
Disposition activities ensure the orderly termination of the system and preserve the vital
information about the system so that some or all of the information may be reactivated in
the future if necessary. Particular emphasis is given to proper preservation of the data
processed by the system, so that the data can be effectively migrated to another system or
archived for potential future access in accordance with applicable records management
regulations and policies. Each system should have an interface control document defining
inputs and outputs and data exchange. Signatures should be required to verify that all
dependent users and impacted systems are aware of disposition.
SOFTWARE TESTING