Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Worksheet

NamingChoosing a Proper Shipping
Name
1
Selecting the correct Proper Shipping Name
(PSN) is arguably the most critical function in the
process of offering hazmat into transportation.
2
The PSN will drive every subsequent step
regarding this shipment— including the mode of
transportation allowed; the quantity that can be
shipped; the type of packaging authorized; the
labels, markings, and placards; and shipping
paper requirements.
3
Choose the PSN Only from
Column 2 of the §172.101 HazMat Table
4
The regulations require you to choose the most
specific and accurate name available that best
describes the material being shipped.
5
Chosen from column 2 of the §172.101 hazmat table.
This list is organized alphabetically. You may not alter
the name shown except for specific allowed variations
like those listed below. You cannot make up your own
name no matter how reasonable.
6
In ROMAN TYPE. Italicized words are not authorized.
Italicized words following Roman type are optional,
however. It is your choice to use them or not.
7
Show the same way they are written in the table. You
are not allowed to abbreviate, use chemical formulas or
acronyms, or leave out Roman type words. If an “or”
separates names in Roman type, you may choose the
form that best suits your material.
8
Modified only in these permissible ways:
✓Singular or plural (e.g., battery or batteries)
✓ Punctuation is optional (nos or n.o.s.)
✓“Toxic” can be replaced with “poison” or “poisonous”
when only domestic (U.S.) transportation is involved.
✓The word “liquid” or “solid” may be used to describe
the physical form of the material being shipped.
9
PSN Must be Modified as follows when applicable
✓If the material is a hazardous waste and the word
“waste” is not included in the PSN, (e.g., a class 9
Hazardous waste liquid, NOS or Hazardous waste solid,
NOS), you must add it preceding the proper shipping
name.
10
PSN Must be Modified as follows when applicable
✓Mixtures and solutions must have the word “mixture”
or “solution” added to the PSN as appropriate, with a
few exceptions.
✓The word “sample” must appear as part of the PSN
when you are shipping a material, other than a waste,
for the purposes of hazard class testing.
11
✓The PSN you choose must match the actual hazards of
the material for hazard class, subsidiary
hazard class(es), Packing Group, and physical form.
The only exception to this cardinal rule is when the PSN
that best describes your material has a “+” in Column 1 of
the hazmat table.
12
13
14
Caution
Do not select an alternative name to get regulatory
relief if you don’t like the transportation options given
by the name that most closely represents your material.
This is a very serious violation of the regulations and can
result in stiff civil penalties and possibly even criminal
penalties.
15
16
1. Generic Proper Shipping Names
A “G” in column 1 means the entry is a generic proper
shipping name. You must add the technical name( s) of
the constituents that predominantly contribute to the
hazards (one, or at least two if there are two or more) in
parenthesis following the PSN.
17
2. Naming Mixtures
Mixture means a material composed of more than one
chemical compound or element. Solution means any
homogeneous liquid mixture of two or more chemical
compounds or elements that will not undergo any
segregation under conditions normal to transportation.
18
Two or More Hazardous Materials
Some mixtures and solutions are so common, the DOT
has included a PSN for them on the hazmat table.
Examples include “Chlorate and borate mixtures,”
“Butadienes and Hydrocarbon mixture,” and
“Hydrofluoric and sulfuric acid mixtures.”
19
Two or More Hazardous Materials
Some mixtures and solutions are so common, the DOT
has included a PSN for them on the hazmat table.
Examples include “Chlorate and borate mixtures,”
“Butadienes and Hydrocarbon mixture,” and
“Hydrofluoric and sulfuric acid mixtures.”
20
To Be Continued
21
Classification
And how it works
1
Classifying hazardous materials involves
determining the hazards of your material or
article, then assigning it a hazard class or
division.
2
This determination is typically done through
testing, such as flashpoint and boiling point
testing for Flammable Liquids, destruction of skin
and metal corrosion for corrosives, and lethal
exposure values for poisons.
3
4
Most tests follow prescribed methodologies such
as those developed by ASTM (American Society
for Testing and Materials) or ISO (International
Organization for Standardization).
5
If test results fall within defined thresholds for
any of the hazard classes, the substance or
article is a hazardous material. (This is true
regardless of the quantity of the material.)
6
If test results fall within defined thresholds for
any of the hazard classes, the substance or
article is a hazardous material. (This is true
regardless of the quantity of the material.)
7
Most materials in today’s workplace are
accompanied with a Safety Data Sheet, SDS.
Finding the classification can be gotten from this
document.
8
9
Establishing the severity of the hazard can be
established by referring to the SDS.
10
Packing group I: substances presenting high danger; Packing group II: substances
presenting medium danger; and. Packing group III: substances presenting low danger.
11
There are nine main hazard classes (1– 9) and
some of those are further broken down into
divisions.
12
The divisions are represented with decimal
points, such as 2.3 or 6.1. If there is no decimal,
it is simply referred to as the hazard class, such
as 3 or 8.
13
Most hazardous materials exhibit only one
hazard, such as a 2.1 Flammable Gas. However, it
is possible for a material to exhibit more than
one hazard.
14
The most dangerous of the multiple hazards is
called the “Primary Hazard.” Any other hazards of
that material are called “Subsidiary Hazard( s).”
A Flammable Liquid, Class 3, is a subsidiary poison inhalation hazard.
… Example: A Flammable Liquid, Class 3, is a subsidiary poison
inhalation hazard.
15
A Flammable Liquid, Class 3, is a subsidiary poison inhalation hazard.
… Example: A Flammable Liquid, Class 3, is a subsidiary poison
inhalation hazard.
16
“Nitrogen Trioxide” is a Poison Gas, Division 2.3,
an Oxidizer, Division 5.1, and a Corrosive, Class 8.
Again, the poison gas is the most dangerous
hazard that this material exhibits so it is the
Primary Hazard.
17
Many hazard classes and divisions are further
divided up into various categories that tell us
how dangerous a material is relative to other
materials in the same hazard class.
Packing Groups
18
Packing Groups (PG) are primarily used to
determine how strong a package you need for
the relative level of danger. Packing Groups,
always expressed as Roman numerals
19
20
PG III— low level hazard (minor danger),
requires strong packaging (stronger than what is
needed for general, non-hazardous freight).
21
PG II— medium level hazard (medium danger),
requires stronger packaging (stronger than what
is needed for a PG III material).
22
Not all hazard classes have Packing Groups.
Class I *
All Class I is now shipped in PGII
23
Hazard Zones
24
Hazard Zones are exclusively used to express the
relative level of danger for Poison Inhalation
Hazards (PIH), which are also known as Toxic
Inhalation Hazards (TIH).
25
Hazard Zones only apply to Divisions 2.3 (poison
gas) and 6.1 (poison, other than a gas). Class 6.1
poison inhalation hazards are PG I
26
Division 2.3* materials are never assigned
Packing Groups. (Note: you may have poisons
that are not inhalation hazards and are therefore
not assigned hazard zones; they can be oral or
dermal hazards of PG I, II, or III.)
*Poison Gas
27
Division 2.3* materials are never assigned
Packing Groups. (Note: you may have poisons
that are not inhalation hazards and are
therefore not assigned hazard zones; they can be
oral or dermal hazards of PG I, II, or III.)
*Poison Gas
28
Hazard Zone
PIH/ TIH materials of Division 2.3 Poison Gas can
be assigned Hazard Zone A, B, C, or D, with A
being the greatest relative danger and D being
the least.
PIH/ TIH materials of Division 6.1 Poisons can be
assigned Hazard Zone A or B only, with A being
the greatest relative danger and B being the
least.
29
Hazard Zone
If the material is a poison inhalation hazard, your
shipment will be subject to additional
requirements for marking, labeling, placarding,
and shipping papers.
30
To Be Continued
31
Ethanol Industry
Safety Perspective
CCCHST REFRESHER
2008
HMTRI
KIRKWOOD COMMUNITY
COLLEGE
Ethanol Industry Expanding
 1980’s
 Measurable Ethanol Production: 200 million gallons per year
 Midwest States: Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska
 1990’s
 Ethanol Production Process efficiencies
 Molecular Sieves replace Benzene systems
 2000’s
 Expanding past Midwest
 Average plant size up from 40 to 100 million gal/year
 Today
Fuel Ethanol Use
 Midwest gasoline blended at all octane levels
Traditional Markets
 Northeast Market: Reformulated Gasoline
 MTBE replacement
 Western States
 Oregon 10% mandate
 California moving from 6% to 10% blends
 Southeast States
 Effort to increase ethanol blended with all gasolines

United States Transportation Fuels
 Gasoline Market- 140 Billion Gallons per year
Ethanol – 8.4 Billion Gallons per year
 E85- 120 million Gallons per year
 Domestic production expected to be 13.6 billion gallons/
year by 2009

 Diesel Market- 40 Billion Gallons per year

~200 million gallons Biodiesel
Ethanol Production
The Ethanol Production Process
Basic ingredients:
Cereal Grains + water + heat + enzymes + yeast
1 Bushel of #2 Yellow Dent Corn produces:
2.7 Gallons of 200 Proof Ethanol
17 Pounds of Distillers Dried Grains
17 Pounds of Carbon Dioxide
Feed Stock
Alpha Amylase Enzyme
Gluco Amylase Enzyme
Cooking
Steam
Cooling
Cooling Water
Saccharification
Cooling
Cooling Water
CO2
Yeast
Yeast Propagation
Cooling Water
Non volatiles
Fermentation
Beer Stripping
Beer Rectification
Cooling Water
Steam
Cooling Water
190 Proof
Steam
Dehydration
Cooling Water
200 Proof
Natural Gasoline
Denature
Storage & Transportation
Rust Inhibitor
Cooking & Fermenting
 …basically just making
“beer” with cooling water &
steam…
 Typically brewing to 10% 15% ethanol
 Beer don’t burn!
 Probably least hazardous
process area in the plant
Production Hazards
 Flammable Liquids


Ethanol
Denaturant, typically Natural Gasoline, Unleaded
Gasoline
 Grain Handling


Corn
Dust Collection
 Process Chemicals

Acids/ Caustics/ Surfactants
ETHANOL

Derived from fermenting corn (“moonshine”) or other organics – sugar, switchgrass, etc

Burns cleaner than gas – but with 2/3 the energy

Gasohol – E-10 (10% ethanol, 90% gasoline)

2006 there were 6 million E85 cars (flexible fuel cars)

Current US production – 6.4 billion gallons/year

Projected production in 2009 – 12.5 billion gallons/year

Average plant production capacity – 100 million gallons/year

E85 blending projected at 50 million gallons/year
Fuel Ethanol Properties
 Content: E95, 95% Ethanol, 5% Denaturant: Natural




Gasoline, Unleaded, Naphtha
Characteristics
 Boiling Point: 78°C
 Vapor Pressure: 44@ 20°C
 Completely miscible with water
MSDS
Compatibility- alcohol resistant materials
E85 very similar to this product, higher denaturant
Ethanol/EBF – A Closer Look
 LEL = 3% (EBF 1.4%)
 UEL = 19% (EBF 16%)
 Miscible in water (hydrophilic)
 Flash point = 55 F
 Vapor Desity = 1.59 (heavy)
 Auto Ignition = 973 F\
 Can have oxygenates (MTBE/ETBE)
How Alternative Fuels Compare
Product
AutoIgnition
Flash
Point
LEL/UEL
UN/NA
ERG
Guide
Foam
Ethanol
685 F
55 F
3.3% 19%
1987
127
AR
E 85
495 F
-55 to 55
F
1.4% 19%
1993
128
AR
536 F
-45 F
1.4% 7.6%
1203
128
AFFF* or
AR
Biodiesel
B100
n/a
>321 F
n/a
n/a
B-2
>494 F
140 F
1.3% 6%
1993
128
AFFF or
AR
B 20
1131 F
150 F
1% – 7%
1993
128
AFFF or
AR
E-10
(gasohol)
AFFF or
AR
Ethanol Plant Flammable Liquids
 Distillation/ Storage Area: Class I, Division I Safety




190 Proof Ethanol present in first distillation process
 Little if any storage, in process flow
200 Proof Ethanol present in anhydrous process
 Small day tank storage, typical 95%
 UN 3475 used for all transportation for E85
 Ethanol content >10%,