for john mureith

In this discussion, you will consider how historical lenses can affect the study of a historical topic. Select one of the secondary source articles from the

Research Kit attach below

for your chosen topic. After reading that article, write a discussion post about which of the following lenses you believe the article is using: social, political, economic, or other. Use at least two quotes from your source to justify your choice of lens. Your post title should also indicate which topic you have selected. Next week, you will be prompted to respond to two of your peers’ initial posts.

how do high pressure cells and low pressure cells develop? paragraph

Why is warm air less dense and cool air more dense? paragraph

HIS 100 Research Kit

Science
How did the field of science play a role in the dropping of the atomic bomb? What were the effects of the atomic bomb on the scientific
community in the United States? What were the effects of the atomic bomb on technological innovation? What were the effects of the atomic
bomb on the environment? What were the effects of the atomic bomb on health, medicine, and physiology?

Primary

The Associated Press. (1945, Aug. 6–14). AP was there: US drops atomic bombs on Japan in 1945.

Retrieved from

https://web.archive.org/web/20170311214139/http://bigstory.ap.org/urn%3Apublicid%3Aap.org%3A3f

d267ba7b3c40479382189c99172d61

Atomic Archive. (2015). Historical documents and reports. Retrieved from http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/index.shtml

Atomic Heritage Foundation & Los Alamos Historical Society. (n.d.). Voices of the Manhattan Project [Tape recordings]. Retrieved from

http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/

Groves, L. R. (1945, July 18). Memorandum for the secretary of war: Subject: The test. American Experience. Retrieved from

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/truman-bomb- test/

Hart, H. (1946). Technological acceleration and the atomic bomb. American Sociological Review, 11(3), 277–293. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2087112

Manhattan Engineer District. (1946, June 29). The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Retrieved from

http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/685/pg685.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20170311214139/http:/bigstory.ap.org/urn%3Apublicid%3Aap.org%3A3fd267ba7b3c40479382189c99172d61

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/index.shtml

http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/

https://web.archive.org/web/20160820112309/http%3A/www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/truman-bombtest/

http://www.jstor.org/stable/2087112

http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/685/pg685.html

The National Security Archive. (2015, Aug. 4). The atomic bomb and the end of World War II: A collection of primary sources. Retrieved from

http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm

Szilard, L. (1945, July 17). Leo Szilard’s petition to the president of the United States. Retrieved from http://teachinghistory.org/history-

content/beyond-the-textbook/25484 (Note: The petition is located on the left-hand side of the webpage once you click on this initial

link. Click on the link titled “Leo Szilard’s Petition to the President (1945).”)

Truman, H. (1945, Aug. 6). Press release by the White House, August 6, 1945. Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. Retrieved from

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=1945-08-

06&documentid=59&pagenumber=1

Secondary

Frisch, D. H. (1970). Scientists and the decision to bomb Japan. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 26(6), 107–115. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=shapiro&d

b=ahl&AN=21569493&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Harper, J. (2007). Secrets revealed, revelations concealed: A secret city confronts its environmental legacy. The George Washington University

Institute for Ethnographic Research, 80(1), 39–64. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4150943

Malloy, S. L. (2012). ‘A very pleasant way to die’: Radiation effects and the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan. Diplomatic History,

36(3), 515–545. Retrieved from

http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm

http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/beyond-the-textbook/25484

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=1945-08-06&documentid=59&pagenumber=1

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie%2Cip%2Curl%2Ccpid&custid=shapiro&d

http://www.jstor.org/stable/4150943

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=shapiro&d

b=a9h&AN=74547716&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Reynolds, M. L., & Lynch, F. X. (1955). Atomic bomb injuries among survivors in Hiroshima. Public Health Reports, 70(3), 261–270. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4589041

Voynick, Steve (2009) “From Radium to the A-Bomb.” History Magazine. 10(4), 25-29. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=khh&AN=37791674&site=eds-

live&scope=site

Government and Domestic Policy
How did the dropping of the atomic bomb affect domestic policies and decisions made by the American government? How did the dropping of
the atomic bomb relate to the start of the Cold War and the United States’ policy to contain communism? How did it relate to the United States’
rise as a global superpower? How did it relate to policies surrounding the limits of executive power?

Primary

The Associated Press. (1945, Aug. 6–14). AP was there: US drops atomic bombs on Japan in 1945. Retrieved from

http://bigstory.ap.org/urn%3Apublicid%3Aap.org%3A3fd267ba7b3c40479382189c99172d61

Atomic Archive. (2015). Historical documents and reports. Retrieved from http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/index.shtml

Atomic Heritage Foundation & Los Alamos Historical Society. (n.d.). Voices of the Manhattan Project [Tape recordings]. Retrieved from
http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie%2Cip%2Curl%2Ccpid&custid=shapiro&d

http://www.jstor.org/stable/4589041

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=khh&AN=37791674&site=eds-

http://bigstory.ap.org/urn%3Apublicid%3Aap.org%3A3fd267ba7b3c40479382189c99172d61

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/index.shtml

http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/

Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. (n.d.). The decision to drop the atomic bomb. Retrieved from

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php

Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. (1946, July 1). United States strategic bombing survey: Japan’s struggle to end the war, July 1, 1946.

Retrieved from

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=19460701&documenti

d=68&studycollectionid=abomb&pagenumber=1

The National Security Archive. (2015, Aug. 4). The atomic bomb and the end of World War II: A collection of primary sources. Retrieved from

http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm

Stimson, H. L. (1947). The decision to use the atomic bomb. Harper’s Magazine, 194(1161), 97–107. Retrieved from

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/eacp/japanworks/ps/japan/stim- son_harpers

Truman, H. (1953, Jan. 12). Truman’s reflections on the atomic bombings. Atomic Archive. Retrieved from

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/Truman.shtml

Truman, H. (1945, Aug. 6). Press release by the White House, August 6, 1945. Retrieved from

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=1945-08-

06&documentid=59&pagenumber=1

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=19460701&documentid=68&studycollectionid=abomb&pagenumber=1

http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/eacp/japanworks/ps/japan/stimson_harpers

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/Truman.shtml

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=1945-08-06&documentid=59&pagenumber=1

Secondary

Alperovitz, G., Messer, R. L., & Bernstein, B. J. (1991). Marshall, Truman, and the decision to drop the bomb. International Security, 16(3), 204–

221. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447285

Bernstein, B. (1975). Roosevelt, Truman, and the atomic bomb, 1941–1941: A reinterpretation. Political Science Quarterly, 90(1), 23–69.

Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2148698

Morton, L. (1957). The decision to use the atomic bomb. Foreign Affairs, 35(2), 334–353. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20031230

Miles, R. E., Jr. (1985). Hiroshima: The strange myth of half a million American lives saved. International Security, 10(2), 121–140. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/446163

Walker, J. S. (2005). Recent literature on Truman’s atomic bomb decision: A search for middle ground. Diplomatic History, 29(2), 311–334.

Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=shapiro&d

b=a9h&AN=16401198&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Military
How did the American military play a role in the dropping of the atomic bomb? How did the dropping of the atomic bomb affect the military?
What later military events can be linked to the dropping of the atomic bomb? How did the dropping of the atomic bomb influence the military to

http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447285

http://www.jstor.org/stable/2148698

http://www.jstor.org/stable/20031230

http://muse.jhu.edu/article/446163

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie%2Cip%2Curl%2Ccpid&custid=shapiro&d

take action to contain communism? How did the dropping of the atomic bomb relate to the Marshall Plan? How did it relate to the Berlin Airlift?
How did it influence Winston Churchill’s famous “Iron Curtain” speech?

Primary

Atomic Archive. (2015). Historical documents and reports. Retrieved from http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/index.shtml

Atomic Heritage Foundation & Los Alamos Historical Society. (n.d.). Voices of the Manhattan Project [Tape recordings]. Retrieved from

http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/

Groves, L. R. (1945, July 18). Memorandum for the secretary of war: Subject: The test. American Experience. Retrieved from

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/truman-bomb- test/

Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. (n.d.). The decision to drop the atomic bomb. Retrieved from

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php

Manhattan Engineer District. (1946, June 29). The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Retrieved from

http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/685/pg685.html

The National Security Archive. (2015, Aug. 4). The atomic bomb and the end of World War II: A collection of primary sources. Retrieved from

http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm

Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. (1946, July 1). United States strategic bombing survey: Japan’s struggle to end the war, July 1, 1946.

Retrieved from

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/index.shtml

http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/

https://web.archive.org/web/20170119062625/http%3A/www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/truman-bombtest/

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php

http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/685/pg685.html

http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=19460701&documenti

d=68&studycollectionid=abomb&pagenumber=1

Laurence, W. L. (1945, Sept. 9). Eyewitness account of atomic bomb over Nagasaki. Atomic Archive. Retrieved from

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/Nagasaki.shtml

Secondary

Alperovitz, G., Messer, R. L., & Bernstein, B. J. (1991). Marshall, Truman, and the decision to drop the bomb. International Security, 16(3), 204–

221. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447285

Morton, L. (1957). The decision to use the atomic bomb. Foreign Affairs, 35(2), 334–353. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20031230

Pape, R. A. (1993). Why Japan surrendered. International Security, 18(2), 154–201. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447083/pdf

Miles, R. E., Jr. (1985). Hiroshima: The strange myth of half a million American lives saved. International Security, 10(2), 121–140. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/446163

Walker, J. S. (2005). Recent literature on Truman’s atomic bomb decision: A search for middle ground. Diplomatic History, 29(2), 311–334.

Retrieved from

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=19460701&documentid=68&studycollectionid=abomb&pagenumber=1

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/Nagasaki.shtml

http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447285

http://www.jstor.org/stable/20031230

http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447083/pdf

http://muse.jhu.edu/article/446163

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=shapiro&d

b=a9h&AN=16401198&site=ehost-live&scope=site

International Relations and Japanese and American Civilians
How did the dropping of the atomic bomb affect international relations and civilians both in the United States and Japan? How did it influence
Eleanor Roosevelt and the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights? How did it influence the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact?

Primary

Berlin Potsdam Declaration. (1945, Aug. 1). American Experience. Retrieved from

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/truman-potsdam/

Borchard, E. (1946). The atomic bomb. The American Society of International Law, 40(1), 161–165. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2193900

Coblentz, S. A. (1945). The challenge of the atomic bomb. World Affairs, 108(3), 164–167. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20664180

Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. (1946, July 1). United States strategic bombing survey: Japan’s struggle to end the war, July 1, 1946.
Retrieved from
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=19460701&documenti

d=68&studycollectionid=abomb&pagenumber=1

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie%2Cip%2Curl%2Ccpid&custid=shapiro&d

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/truman-potsdam/

http://www.jstor.org/stable/2193900

http://www.jstor.org/stable/20664180

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/index.php?documentdate=19460701&documentid=68&studycollectionid=abomb&pagenumber=1

Hart, H. (1946). Technological acceleration and the atomic bomb. American Sociological Review, 11(3), 277–293. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2087112

Hersey, J. (1946, Aug. 31). Hiroshima. The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1946/08/31/hiroshima

Johnson A. (1946). Twaddle on the atomic bomb. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 5(2), 201–202. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3483583

Manhattan Engineer District. (1946, June 29). The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Retrieved from

http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/685/pg685.html

Siemes, J. A. (1945, Aug. 6). Eyewitness account of Hiroshima. Atomic Archive. Retrieved from

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/Hiroshima_Siemes.shtml

Stimson, H. L. (1947). The decision to use the atomic bomb. Harper’s Magazine, 194(1161), 97–107. Retrieved from

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/eacp/japanworks/ps/japan/stim- son_harpers

Truman, H. (1953, Jan. 12). Truman’s reflections on the atomic bombings. Atomic Archive. Retrieved from

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/Truman.shtml

Turlington, E. (1946). International control of the atomic bomb. The American Journal of International Law, 40(1), 165–167. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2193901

Viner, J. (1946). The implications of the atomic bomb for international relations. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 90(1), 53–58.

Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3301039

http://www.jstor.org/stable/2087112

http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1946/08/31/hiroshima

http://www.jstor.org/stable/3483583

http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/685/pg685.html

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/Hiroshima_Siemes.shtml

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/eacp/japanworks/ps/japan/stimson_harpers

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/Truman.shtml

http://www.jstor.org/stable/2193901

http://www.jstor.org/stable/3301039

Secondary

Alperovitz, G., Messer, R. L., & Bernstein, B. J. (1991). Marshall, Truman, and the decision to drop the bomb. International Security, 16(3), 204–

221. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447285

Bernstein, B. J. (1976). The uneasy alliance: Roosevelt, Churchill, and the atomic bomb, 1940–1945. The Western Political Quarterly, 29(2), 202–

230. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/448105

Harper, J. (2007). Secrets revealed, revelations concealed: A secret city confronts its environmental legacy. The George Washington University

Institute for Ethnographic Research, 80(1), 39–64. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4150943

Malloy, S. L. (2012). ‘A very pleasant way to die’: Radiation effects and the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan. Diplomatic History,

36(3), 515–545. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=shapiro&d

b=a9h&AN=74547716&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Morton, L. (1957). The decision to use the atomic bomb. Foreign Affairs, 35(2), 334–353. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20031230

Miles, R. E., Jr. (1985). Hiroshima: The strange myth of half a million American lives saved. International Security, 10(2), 121–140. Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/446163

http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447285

http://www.jstor.org/stable/448105

http://www.jstor.org/stable/4150943

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie%2Cip%2Curl%2Ccpid&custid=shapiro&d

http://www.jstor.org/stable/20031230

http://muse.jhu.edu/article/446163

Pape, R. A. (1993). Why Japan surrendered. International Security, 18(2), 154–201. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447083/pdf

Reynolds, M. L., & Lynch, F. X. (1955). Atomic bomb injuries among survivors in Hiroshima. Public Health Reports, 70(3), 261–270. Retrieved from

http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4589041

Walker, J. S. (2005). Recent literature on Truman’s atomic bomb decision: A search for middle ground. Diplomatic History, 29(2), 311–334.
Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,cpid&custid=shapiro&d

b=a9h&AN=16401198&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Primary Source Archive (Additional Primary Sources Can Be Located Here)

The Associated Press. (1945, Aug. 6–14). AP was there: US drops atomic bombs on Japan in 1945. Retrieved from
http://bigstory.ap.org/urn%3Apublicid%3Aap.org%3A3fd267ba7b3c40479382189c99172d61

Atomic Archive. (2015). Historical documents and reports. Retrieved from http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/index.shtml

Atomic Archive. (n.d.). The voice of Hibakusha [Tape recordings]. Retrieved from http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hibakusha/index.shtml

Atomic Heritage Foundation & Los Alamos Historical Society. (n.d.). Voices of the Manhattan Project [Tape recordings]. Retrieved from
http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/

http://muse.jhu.edu/article/447083/pdf

http://www.jstor.org/stable/4589041

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie%2Cip%2Curl%2Ccpid&custid=shapiro&d

http://bigstory.ap.org/urn%3Apublicid%3Aap.org%3A3fd267ba7b3c40479382189c99172d61

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/index.shtml

http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hibakusha/index.shtml

http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/

Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. (n.d.). The decision to drop the atomic bomb. Retrieved from

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php

The National Security Archive. (2015, Aug. 4). The atomic bomb and the end of World War II: A collection of primary sources. Retrieved from
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm