Fate or Free Will

For this paper, you will write a dialogue between you and an imaginary Socrates. You will debate the question of free will versus determinism. Remember that the Socratic Method involves asking a series of questions to clarify key words and ideas. In your dialogue, the imaginary Socrates should be asking clarifying questions, and you will be answering them. Please refer to the excerpt from Plato’s Meno as an example (below). This paper should be 4–6 pages.

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Your dialogue should address the following questions:

  • What is the definition of determinism?
  • What is the definition of free will?
  • Do you agree that every event has an explanatory cause?
  • How do you define event?
  • How do you define explanatory cause?
  • Do you agree that every human choice or event has an explanatory cause?
  • How do you define human choice? How do you definite human event? Are they different?
  • Do you agree that to have an explanatory cause is to not be free?
  • How do you define free?
  • Do you think that free will and determinism can coexist in any way?
  • Is it possible to have external determinism and internal free will?

To have cohesion and reach solid conclusions, your imaginary Socrates will probably ask you more questions than the ones listed above. Be sure to include all of the above ideas in your dialogue.

Your dialogue should also include all of the following: 

  • Use of the Socratic Method to form all conclusions (this will be achieved by the question and answer dialogue between you and the imaginary Socrates)
  • Clear and concise language, using proper spelling, grammar, and punctuation
  • Correct definitions of free will and determinism
  • Logical explanations and valid reasoning for each conclusion
  • Clear answers to each question with a definite stance or positionYou must reach a conclusive answer to each question
  • 4–6 pages in length

The following is an excerpt from Plato’s Meno (Soccio, 1995):

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Socrates: …Do not all men…desire the good?Meno: I think not.Socrates: There are some who desire evil?Meno: Yes.Socrates: Do you mean that they think the evils which they desire, to be good; or do they know that they are evil and yet desire them?Meno: Both, I think.Socrates: And do you really imagine, Meno, that a man knows evils to be evils and desires them notwithstanding?Meno: Certainly I do.Socrates: And desire is [for] possession?Meno: Yes, [for] possession…Socrates: Well, and do those who, as they say, desire evils, and think that evils are hurtful to the possessor of them, know that they will be hurt by them?Meno: They must know it.Socrates: And must they not suppose that those who are hurt are miserable in proportion to the hurt which is inflicted upon them?Meno: How can it be otherwise?Socrates: But are not the miserable ill-fated?Meno: Yes, indeed.Socrates: And does any one desire to be miserable and ill-fated?Meno: I should say not, Socrates.Socrates: But if there is no one who desires to be miserable, there is no one, Meno, who desires evil; for what is misery but the desire and possession of evil?Meno: That appears to be the truth, Socrates, and I admit that nobody desires evil Here is what I have so far.Socrates: What is the definition of determinism?me: The belief that a person’s actions are dependent on their environment orcircumstances. There is no freedom.Socrates: What is the definition of free will?me: The ability of a person to choose from different options.Socrates: Do you agree that every event has an explanatory cause?me: SometimesSocrates:me:Socrates: How do you define event?me: Things that happen.Socrates: Are things that happen free will?me:Socrates: How do you define explanatory cause?me: That there is a cause for all events.Socrates:  Do you believe that all events have causes?me: Yes.Socrates:Socrates: Do you agree that every human choice or event has an explanatory cause?me: No.Socrates: Socrates: How do you define human choice? How do you definite human event? Are theydifferent?me: A human choice is when a person has options and chooses one of them.  A humanevent is a something that happens in a human’s life.  Yes.Socrates: Do you agree that to have an explanatory cause is to not be free?me: No.Socrates:Socrates: How do you define free?me: Having the freedom to make choices in one’s life.Socrates: Do you think that free will and determinism can coexist in any way?me: Yes.Socrates:me:Socrates: Is it possible to have external determinism and internal free will?me: Yes.

Question 1

The trial balance columns of the worksheet for Cajon Company at June 30, 2014, are as follows.

240

$9,460

CAJON COMPANY
Worksheet
For the Month Ended June 30, 2014

Trial Balance

Account Titles

Dr.

Cr.

Cash

$

4,020

Accounts Receivable

2,440

Supplies

1,900

Accounts Payable

$

1,120

Unearned

Service Revenue

240

Common Stock

5,000

Service Revenue

3,100

Salaries and Wages Expense

860

Miscellaneous Expense

$

9,460

Other data:

1.

A physical count reveals $500 of supplies on hand.

2.

$100 of the unearned revenue is still unearned at month-end.

3.

Accrued salaries are $250.

Complete the worksheet.

Trial Balance

Account Titles

Cr.

Dr

Cr.

Dr

Cr.

Dr

Cr.

Dr

Cr.

Cash

Accounts Receivable

2,440

Supplies

1,900

Accounts Payable

Unearned Service Revenue

240

Common Stock

5,000

Service Revenue

3,100

Salaries and Wages Expense

860

Miscellaneous Expense

240

9,460

Totals

Totals

CAJON COMPANY
Worksheet
For the Month Ended June 30, 2014

Adjustments

Adj. Trial Balance

Income Statement

Balance Sheet

Dr

4,020
1,120

Totals

9,460

Supplies Expense

Salaries and Wages Payable

Net Income

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Question 2

Lanza Company had the following adjusted trial balance.

LANZA COMPANY
Adjusted Trial Balance
For the Month Ended June 30, 2014

Adjusted Trial Balance

Account Titles

Debit

Credit

Cash

$3,712

Accounts Receivable

3,904

Supplies

480

Accounts Payable

$1,556

Unearned Service Revenue

160

Common Stock

4,000

Retained Earnings

1,760

Dividends

600

Service Revenue

4,300

Salaries and Wages Expense

1,344

Miscellaneous Expense

180

Supplies Expense

1,900

Salaries and Wages Payable

 

344

 

$12,120

$12,120

(a)

Prepare closing entries at June 30, 2014. 
(Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)

No.

Account Titles and Explanation

Debit

Credit

1.

(To close revenue account.)

2.

(To close expense accounts)

3.

(To close net income / (loss).)

4.

(To close dividends)

Question 4

Excelsior Amusement Park has a fiscal year ending on September 30. Selected data from the September 30 worksheet are presented below.

Excelsior Amusement Park
Worksheet
For the Year Ended September 30, 2014

Trial Balance

Adjusted Trial Balance

Dr.

Cr.

Dr.

Cr.

Cash

34,400

34,400

Supplies

18,600

2,200

Prepaid Insurance

29,900

10,900

Land

80,000

80,000

Equipment

120,000

120,000

Accumulated Depreciation-Equip.

36,200

42,200

Accounts Payable

14,600

14,600

Unearned Ticket Revenue

3,900

1,000

Mortgage Payable

50,000

50,000

Common Stock

60,000

60,000

Retained Earnings

36,100

36,100

Dividends

14,000

14,000

Ticket Revenue

277,900

280,800

Salaries and Wages Expense

98,000

98,000

Maintenance and Repairs Expense

30,500

30,500

Advertising Expense

9,400

9,400

Utilities Expense

16,900

16,900

Property Tax Expense

21,000

24,000

Interest Expense

6,000

 

8,000

Totals

478,700

478,700

Insurance Expense

19,000

Supplies Expense

16,400

Interest Payable

2,000

Depreciation Expense

6,000

Property Taxes Payable

 

3,000

Totals

489,700

489,700

(a)

Prepare a complete worksheet.

EXCELSIOR AMUSEMENT PARK
Worksheet
For the Year Ended September 30, 2014

Trial Balance

Adjustments

Adjusted Trial Balance

Income Statement

Balance Sheet

Account Titles

Dr.

Cr.

Dr.

Cr.

Dr.

Cr.

Dr.

Cr.

Dr.

Cr.

Cash

34,400

 

Supplies

18,600

 

Prepaid Insurance

29,900

 

Land

80,000

 

Equipment

120,000

 

Accumulated Depreciation-Equip.

36,200

Accounts Payable

14,600

Unearned Ticket Revenue

3,900

Mortgage Payable

50,000

Common Stock

60,000

Retained Earnings

  

  

36,100

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Dividends

14,000

  

Ticket Revenue

277,900

Salaries and Wages Expense

98,000

  

Maintenance and Repairs Expense

30,500

  

Advertising Expense

9,400

 

Utilities Expense

16,900

 

Property Tax Expense

21,000

 

Interest Expense

6,000

 

Totals

478,700

478,700

Insurance Expense

 

Supplies Expense

 

Interest Payable

 

Depreciation Expense

 

Property Taxes Payable

 

Totals

 

Net Income

 

 

 

Totals

 

 

 

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