EXEGESIS RESEARCH PAPER part 1

Mark 4:26-34 New Living translation

Part 1: Introduction and Context of the Passage

You will write an introduction that serves as an overview of the content of the paper, providing background and cultural information about the setting of the book in which the selected passage occurs. You will write a thesis/purpose paragraph that alerts the reader as to what you plan to achieve in the writing of the paper. Identify the literary context of the selected passage and discuss its relevance for interpreting the passage. Each section will have its own heading following current Turabian style. Be sure the paper uses the School of Divinity Standardized Title Page and reflects a graduate level of vocabulary.

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DIVINITY

A Sample Paper for the Purpose of Correct Formatting

Submitted to Dr. ,

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of

Contents (not Table of Contents)

Introduction (First Level)

First Major Section (First Level) 3

First Subhead (Second Level) 3

Second Subhead (Second Level) 4

Second Major Section (First Level) 5

First Subhead (Second Level) 5

Second Subhead (Second Level) 5

Examples of Citing the Bible (First Level) 6

Conclusion (First Level) 8

Bibliography (First Level)

Updated 2/7/2018 8:59 AM

Introduction (First-Level Subheading)

Since most beginning students will have difficulty learning how to write papers and also format papers correctly using the eighth edition of Kate L. Turabian’s, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers,[footnoteRef:1] this sample paper can be used as a template for inserting the correct parts. For the purpose of instruction, it will use second person, but third person must be used in student papers. You will notice that the first time Turabian’s name is written in the paper, her full name is given, but the second and subsequent uses of her name will be her last name only. [1: Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 8th ed., rev. Wayne C. Booth, et al. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013).]

Though some written assignments will not require a table of contents, Liberty University School of Divinity (hereafter referred to as SoD) requires all research papers to have a table of contents and abide by basic Turabian rules.

Number all pages of this element with roman numerals. Label the first page Contents at the top of the page. If the table of contents is more than one page, do not repeat the title. Leave two blank lines between the title and the first listed item. Single-space individual items listed, but add a blank line after each item. Between the lists for the front and back matter and the chapters, or between parts or volumes (if any), leave two blank lines.[footnoteRef:2] [2: Ibid., 380.]

It is important to note that a table of contents does not list the pages that precede it, only those pages that follow it. Be sure that the first letter of each word is capitalized (other than articles and prepositions within the phrase).

The footnote can be inserted in the middle of a sentence, but preferably following some punctuation (i.e. semicolon, comma, etc.). The SoD prefers that students use superscripted footnotes; however, we know that Microsoft Word 2013 defaults to standard font size followed by a period for the footnote. The footnote below is the proper form for books. If you are going to create a footnote for a journal article, you would use a different format as shown below.[footnoteRef:3] The footnote below is a full footnote from a journal article found in Liberty’s online library using an American Theological Library Association (ATLA) search. You can use an abbreviation in the body of your paper once it has been defined (as above). [3: Anthony C. Thornhill, “The Resurrection of Jesus and Spiritual (Trans) Formation,” Journal of Spiritual Formation & Soul Care 5, no. 2 (Fall 2012): 243. Notice that the footnote identifies the exact page number of the citation that is used in the text (the example given is from page 243) whereas the bibliographic entry (in the bibliography) must include the inclusive numbers for the entire article (i.e. 243-56). ]

You are asked in the course, “Research, Writing, and Ministry Preparation,”[footnoteRef:4] to learn the proper formatting of your papers as well as to learn how to conduct research, plan the details of a paper or report, and write your paper in a manner that your professor and classmates will be able to understand. Usually, you will finish your introduction with a full thesis statement. [4: Notice the comma was placed inside the quotation marks when the course title “Research, Writing, and Ministry Preparation” was written. Soft punctuation (such as a comma or a period) is always inserted inside the quotation mark whereas hard punctuation (such as a question mark, exclamation point, colon, or semicolon) is placed outside the quotation mark.]

Do not confuse a purpose statement with a thesis statement. A purpose statement states the reason why the paper is written. For all practical purposes, the purpose statement introduces the thesis statement. An example of a purpose statement is, “The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that when one recognizes God’s freedom he/she can find biblical inerrancy defensible.” An example of a thesis statement is, “Biblical inerrancy is defensible in the context of divine freedom.” Remember, it is the purpose and thesis statements that determine the form and content of an outline.

The distinction between a purpose statement and a thesis statement is important. The purpose of this sample paper is to provide a template for the correct formatting of a research paper. The thesis is, “Students who use this paper as a sample or template are more likely to format their papers correctly in the future.”

First Major Section (First-Level Subheading)

You will notice that the title of the first major section heading is centered and bold type. Within each heading and subheading, all words must be capitalized unless it is an article (a, an, the), preposition (on, to, by, from, in with, etc.), or coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, not, for). There are two blank lines above the heading and one below.[footnoteRef:5] [5: Turabian, Manual for Writers, 393.]

This was accomplished by highlighting the title and changing the formatting for just those lines to single space in the “Paragraph” menu above. The footnote below is the proper form for using a source that has been used previously (commonly referred to as a “second reference”). The first footnote has complete information, and later footnotes use an abbreviated form.

First Subhead (Second-Level Subheading)

This section will be the first sub section of the first major section. Note that the second level subheading is centered with each word capitalized (except for articles and prepositions) and not bold. Notice again the additional blank space above (again two blank lines before a subheading and one after). This is done by writing the subhead and then beginning the paragraph. Then return to the subhead and highlight the entire row in which it appears. Using “Paragraph” above, it is possible to remove the indentation and make that row single space. Then you can return and move the subhead down one additional space as well as add one space below.

This sample paper generally uses one paragraph per subhead. It is important to understand, however, that subheadings in a research paper must have at least two paragraphs. As a paragraph is a group of sentences that express one main idea, most sections (subheads) need more than a single paragraph to support their proposition.

Second Subhead (Second-Level Subheading)

Remember that you must always have at least two subheads per level.[footnoteRef:6] You cannot have just one subhead at any particular level. If this occurs, then divide the information into at least two sections at that level or simply remove the subhead altogether. When having to cite the same source in immediate sequence, use Ibid. (note the second footnote on page one). Avoid too many uses of ibidem (abbreviated Ibid.) by making use of multiple sources. It is also important to note that Ibid. cannot be used as the first footnote entry on a page (see footnote number six at the bottom of this page). As an abbreviation, the term Ibid. must be followed by a period even if used in the middle of a sentence. [6: Turabian, Manual for Writers, 329.]

Any number used in the text that is under one hundred and any whole number of hundreds should be spelled completely within the body of the paper (one hundred, two hundred, etc.).[footnoteRef:7] Generally, if the number can be written with two words, it should be spelled completely. For numbers written with more than two words (i.e. 108, 210, etc.), the numerals should be used. However, you should never mix the styles. If any number used has to be written with numerals, then all should be in the same style (i.e., 98, 108, 210, 300; not ninety-eight, 108, 210, three hundred). Of note here is an exception that when writing percentages in the text, you would write 98 percent or 100 percent, and so forth; always using the numeral, but writing out “percent.” [7: The exception is within a footnote where all numeric numerals can be used (e.g. 100, 200, etc.). ]

Second Major Section (First-Level Subheading)

First Subhead (Second-Level Subheading)

The title of a heading cannot be left alone at the bottom of a page. If there is not enough room on the previous page for both the heading title and at least the first two lines of the paragraph, you must begin a new page. You can have two headings in a row as above separated by one blank line (but again, not alone at the bottom of the page).

First Subsection Subhead (Third-Level Subheading)

Note that the third-level subheading subhead is flush-left in bold type, but the same spacing above and below is maintained. This is true of the second subhead that follows. Though the margins and the type (bold or regular) changes, the spacing remains constant.

Second Subsection Subhead (Third-Level Subheading)

This is the second subhead because it is always necessary to have at least two items at every level. This is an important clarification. There must be a second major section (level one) for every first major section (level one). There must be a second subhead (second level) for every first subhead (second level). There must be a second subsection subhead (third level) for every first subsection subhead (third level), and so forth.

Second Subhead (Second-Level Subheading)

This is the second subsection of the second major section. Once again it is centered but in regular type. When writing a paper, organize your outline first so that you are able to plan how you will make your argument and then give your reasoning and evidence to support your thesis statement. Your first paragraph of each section should explain how this will fit into your reasoning and then each section will end with a summary of how the evidence has shown your reasoning to be correct. Also, transitions are very helpful at the end of each major section so that the reader anticipates how the next section is connected to the logical progression of the reasoning you use to support your thesis.

Most graduate research papers will be no longer than twenty pages and generally do not have long and detailed outlines or subheadings beyond the third level. Details that would be appropriate for the fourth or fifth heading level tend to distract the reader’s attention from the overall thesis within a short essay. Even if a fourth level is unavoidable, a fifth level is discouraged.

Examples of Citing the Bible (First Level)

Many students struggle with the proper formatting in citing the Bible. When citing biblical passages, there are some general guidelines to follow that are important. It is not necessary to write out full citations of verses or paragraphs from the Bible since your readers can find the references that you cite. Citations are written in full when the author needs to make a specific observation, such as when he/she chooses to follow Luke’s example in his message to Theophilus; “so that you may know the exact truth about the things you have been taught” (Luke 1:4).[footnoteRef:8] You will notice in the footnote below that only a single footnote is needed when identifying the Bible version, providing the paper cites from only one translation. All the following biblical references are given in the text of the paper, not in the footnotes, unless content in the footnote requires biblical references. If you use multiple translations or versions of the Bible, then you would have to use one footnote for each new version and use a system of abbreviations in the text, but only within parentheses (NASB, KJV, NIV, etc.). The writing is simplified if you choose one version of the Bible and use it exclusively. Then you can provide a disclaimer footnote to that effect as stated in footnote number eight. [8: Unless otherwise noted, all biblical passages referenced are in the English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2008).]

In the actual text of a paper you need to follow proper grammatical and style requirements. Here are some correct examples of how to cite references or allusions from the Bible. Luke wrote to Theophilus in verse four of his first chapter so that his patron would have a more exact understanding of the details of the salvation offered also to the Gentiles. Luke claims that he wrote his Gospel, “in consecutive order,” after having “investigated everything carefully from the beginning” (Luke 1:3). In verse one of chapter one, Luke seems to be aware of previous Gospel accounts, but in Luke 1:2, he claims that he has information from eyewitnesses. You will note in the previous example that you are permitted to use standard biblical references like Luke 1:2 within a sentence as long as you introduce it as a biblical reference rather than as part of your text.

The abbreviations for the books of the Bible can be used only in parentheses within the text or in footnotes.[footnoteRef:9] For example, you may make a reference to Romans 1:16, but if you state that Christians should not be ashamed of the gospel (Rom 1:16), then you should use the abbreviation within parentheses. The following examples are all correct: Paul, in verse sixteen of chapter one of his Epistle to the Romans, states that he is not ashamed of the gospel; Paul states that he is not ashamed of the gospel (Rom 1:16); and in Romans 1:16, Paul states that he is not ashamed of the gospel.[footnoteRef:10] [9: When abbreviating books of the Bible, do not use the Turabian recommended list; consult the LBTS Writing Guide, Appendix A.] [10: Notice the word “gospel” is not capitalized when referring to the evangelical message (i.e. “good news”). It is capitalized when referring to one of the first four books of the New Testament.]

Finally, when citing multiple chapters or multiple verses, certain expectations exist. If you choose to cite several consecutive chapters, then use a dash (3-em dash) such as Romans 1–5, which is equivalent to Romans chapters one through five. If you choose to cite several consecutive verses, use a normal hyphen (-) such as Romans 3:21-26. If the verses are not in consecutive order, then use a comma, such as Romans 3:21, 23, and 26. Finally, when chapters are not in consecutive order, they are separated by semicolons (;), such as Romans 1; 3; 5; and 8. The following sentences are an example of how to use semicolons. Not only does Jesus possess supernatural knowledge, but his prophecy of the future destruction of Jerusalem also reflects his knowledge of Old Testament prophecies concerning past destructions of Jerusalem (Isa 9:3; Jer 6:6; 22:8-9; 23:38, 40; and Ezek 4:2). Additionally, since Matthew writes as if the temple is still standing (5:23-24; 12:5-7; 23:16-22; and 26:60-61), good evidence exists that he wrote before AD 70 and that Jesus actually historically predicted the fall of Jerusalem.[footnoteRef:11] [11: Years before Christ use the abbreviation BC (Before Christ) or BCE (Before the Common Era) after the year, as in 100 BC or 100 BCE. Years after the birth of Christ use AD (Anno Domini; lit., In the Year of our Lord) before the year as in AD 70. If CE (Common Era) is used in lieu of AD then the abbreviation follows the year as in 70 CE. Do not use periods after each letter (BC, not B.C. and AD, not A.D.). The SoD is more likely to use BC and AD rather than BCE and CE, but students will find both systems used in scholarly materials. Additionally, small caps (uppercase characters set at same height as surrounding lowercase letters) are often used for AD (ad) and BC (bc). The SoD allows the student to use regular large caps or small caps.]

Conclusion

The conclusion to your paper should reiterate the thesis (though not necessarily verbatim) and provide your readers with a concise summary of your major points. A well written conclusion defends your thesis and provides a clear perspective of the topic. Its importance cannot be overstated as the conclusion frames your closing thoughts and should provide a lasting impression.

The bibliography that follows starts on a new page even though a great deal of room may be left on a final page. If you hold down the “Ctrl” key and then “Enter,” you will go to an entirely new page in order to start the bibliography. You will note that the bibliography begins with the title centered in bold type followed by one blank line. The bibliography is single-spaced but with a blank line (or 12-pt line space after) inserted between each entry.

Bibliography

Thornhill, Anthony C. “The Resurrection of Jesus and Spiritual (Trans) Formation.” Journal of Spiritual Formation & Soul Care 5, no. 2 (Fall 2012): 243-56.[footnoteRef:12] [12: There are numerous rules about inclusive numbers. See Table 23.2 in Turabian, Manual for Writers, 325. ]

Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers. 8th ed. Revised by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.

1
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Updated12/5/2017 11:34 AM

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DIVINITY

School of Divinity Writing Guide

Submitted to School of Divinity Faculty & Students,

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of any course

All School of Divinity Course Prefixes and Numbers

All School of Divinity Course Titles

Faculty of Liberty University School of Divinity

May 14, 201

Contents

Formatting ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Style

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1

Grammar Usage Notes ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Levels of Headings ……………………………………………………………………………………………………3

Footnote Citations ……………………………………………………………………………………………………4

Bibliography Citations………………………………………………………………………………………………

Bibliography Tips …………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Appendix A: Sacred Book References ……………………………………………………………………………

Appendix B: Capitalization Glossary……………………………………………………………………………..

SoD Writing Guide1

Formatting

 One-inch margins
 Times New Roman12-pt. type font for paper content; Times New Roman 10-pt. type font

for footnotes.
 Double-spaced except in the footnotes, bibliography, block quotes, and subheadings.
 Quotations should be blocked if the citation is four or more lines. Blocked quotations are

single-spaced and every line is indented one half-inch with an extra return before and

after the excerpt. No quotation marks are used when using blocked quotations.
 Pagination placement: Do not number the title page, but note that it is considered the first

page (i); all following front matter is numbered with lower case Roman numerals
centered in the footer. The paper body, bibliography, and appendices display Arabic

numerals also placed in the footer. Note that this is one of the major differences between
the LBTS writing guide and Turabian formatting.

Style

 As a general rule, use active voice and avoid first or second person pronouns unless

permitted by the assignment instructions. In historical writing, use simple past tense
verbs, but when referring to an author’s written work, use present tense.

 Turabian permits two citation styles but LBTS only accepts notes-bibliography style in
submitted documents. When using this style, use footnotes and do not use endnotes.

 Use superscript numbers for footnotes. An example of a superscripted footnote number is
“1.” If you are typing in Microsoft Word 2013, it is acceptable to use the default setting

for footnote numbering.
 When formatting a footnote, indent the first line of your footnotes the same amount as the

first line of the paragraphs within your paper (generally .5 inches). The indentation
should be before the superscripted footnote number. Insert one space after the superscript

number before the first word of the footnote. The footnotes should be single-spaced, and
there should be a single blank space between (or 10-pt. line space after) each footnote.

 Ibid. is short for the Latin term ibidem meaning “in the same place.” As all foreign
words, the word should be italicized (or underlined) when used in the body of the text;

however, when used in the footnote, the word is not italicized. When citing a source
where the bibliographical data is the same as the previous footnote, use Ibid. Do not
include a page number if you are citing the same page as the previous footnote; however,
if it is a different page number, use the abbreviation (Ibid.) followed by a comma (Ibid.,)

and then the page number (Ibid., #.). Do not use ibid. to refer to footnotes that do not
appear on the same page. Ibid. is an abbreviation and therefore must end with a period.
Lower case is used when the abbreviation is located within a footnote (or any sentence);
upper case is used when it begins the note or sentence.

1 Based on Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 8th ed.,

rev. Wayne C. Booth, et al. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013).

Since the Bible is considered a sacred work, cite it initially in the footnotes and subsequently in
parenthetical references. For example, note the parenthetical reference in the following sentence:
Christ declares his exclusive salvific value when he states, “I am the way, the truth, and the life”

(John 14:6). The Bible reference is not included within the quotation marks because it is not a
part of Christ’s declaration. The period would come after the parenthesis because you cannot
begin a new sentence without a period immediately preceding it.

 Do not include the Bible in the bibliography.
 The version or translation of the Bible being used must be identified in the text with a

parenthetical reference (e.g. I Cor 1:13, ESV). Even if you translated the Greek (or
Hebrew) text yourself you must identify the fact that this is your own translation. If you

choose to use the same Bible translation (such as the English Standard Version)
throughout the paper you should add a footnote in your first usage stating “Unless
otherwise noted, all biblical passages referenced are in the English Standard Version.”
This means that you will not need to reference the version of the Bible in subsequent

citations unless you change the version. For example, if the student identified the English
Standard Version as the primary version but chose to use the New International Version
(NIV) when quoting a particular verse such as John 14:6, the parenthetical citation
following the passage would be (John 14:6, NIV). Whatever translation (other than your

own), it should be italicized since a translation is a book title.
 When footnoting a source for the second time and the citation is not consecutive with the

first citation, you do not need a full citation; instead use a “shortened note.” A shortened
note should provide the author’s (or authors’) last name(s), an abbreviated version of the

book title (in four words or less), and the page number. An example of this is in the
footnote below taken from the previously cited source, A Manual for Writers of Research
Papers, Theses, and Dissertations.2

 When citing an article from an online library/search engine, you do not need to cite the

search engine or article address if the article is in the same form as it would have been in
a print journal (typically you can tell this is the case if the online article is downloadable
into a ). If you need to cite the link to the article, it is preferred that you cite the
article using the Digital Object Identifier (DOI).3 If no DOI is available, make sure you

are using a permalink rather than a link copied and pasted from your address bar.4 If you
signed into the Liberty University library using a username and password, then the
address from the address bar will not work for anyone who does not have your
username/password.

 Writing and preaching are two different communication mediums with two distinct
purposes. When writing an academic assignment, avoid the temptation to sermonize or

2 Turabian, Manual for Writers, 158.

3 Ibid., 140.

4 A permalink is a hyperlink that is not directly copied from your web browser address bar. Instead it is
typically provided by a search engine. The permalink will allow readers of your work to find the article you are

referencing without being sent to your institution’s login screen. LUBTS students can find permalinks in the
majority of Liberty’s online library sources.

appeal to your reader’s emotions or character. Research writing lays out the evidence for
the reader and lets it speak for itself.

Grammar Usage Notes

Avoid using the em-dash ( — ) in place of a comma to separate thoughts in a sentence. When

necessary, make sure you understand the grammatical reasoning behind using this form of
punctuation.

 If your bibliography includes two or more sources from the same author, replace the

author’s name with eight underscores followed by a period (i.e., ________.).5

 When using a hyphen or an em-dash, do not leave a space before or after the punctuation;
for instance, “right-click,” not “right – click.”

 Bible is the title of a book whereas biblical is an adjective and biblically is an adverb.
Bible should be capitalized, but biblical and biblically should not be capitalized. The
same is true of Scripture in the nominal form versus the adjectival (scriptural). See the
Capitalization Glossary for more examples of common capitalization mistakes.

 All book and journal titles must be underlined or italicized. Articles within journals or
book chapters must be placed within quotation marks, unless the anthology is a collection
of previously published books such as C. S. Lewis’ The Complete C. S. Lewis Signature

Classics.

 The abbreviation i.e. (from the Latin id est) means “that is” and should be used in
parentheses when providing a point of clarification.

 The abbreviation e.g. (from the Latin exempi gratia) means “example” and should be

used in parentheses when giving an example.

 The bracketed notation [sic] indicates an error in a quotation and should appear directly
after the error because quotations need to be cited verbatim (including errors). You do not
want to suffer the point reduction of an error; therefore, the notation [sic] lets the reader

know that you purposefully copied over the error because it was in the original citation.

Levels of Subheadings (not to be confused with Chapter Title)

Note the level of subheadings for LBTS papers below. All headings are to remain Times New
Roman 12-pt. font. When providing a sectional heading, the heading should have two blank
single-line spaces above the heading and one blank single-line space below the heading.

First Level: Centered, Boldface, Headline -Style Capitalization

Second Level: Centered, Regular Type, Headline-Style Capitalization

5 Note, when including two or more works from the same author in the bibliography, Turabian 8th edition

calls for a long dash, called a 3-em dash; however, this is a point where LBTS digresses from the recommendation
of Turabian. For more on this see Turabian, Manual for Writers, 151.

Third Level: Flush Left, Boldface, Headline-Style Capitalization

Fourth level: Flush left, regular type, sentence-style capitalization

Fifth level: Indent ½ inch for run in at beginning of paragraph (no blank line after),
boldface, sentence-style capitalization, terminal period. Start first sentence here.

Footnote Citations

Book with a Single Author or Editor

1 Gary R. Habermas, The Risen Jesus and Future Hope (Lanham, MD: Rowman &

Littlefield Publishers, 2003), 65.

Book with Multiple Authors

1 David Bagget and Jerry L. Walls, Good God: The Theistic Foundations of Morality

(New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 79.

Kindle/E-Reader Book

1 Dave Earley and Rod Dempsey, Disciple Making Is . . . : How to Live the Great

Commission with Passion and Confidence (Nashville: B&H Publishers, 2013), 103, Kindle.

Journal Article in Print

1 Klaus D. Issler, “Inner Core Belief Formation, Spiritual Practices, and the Willing-

Doing Gap,” Journal of Spiritual Formation & Soul Care 2, no. 2 (Fall 2009): 180.

Journal Article Online

1 Brian T. Scalise, “Perichoresis in Gregory Nazianzen and Maximus the Confessor,”

Eleutheria 2, no. 2 (2012): 72, accessed August 8, 2013, http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/eleu/

vol2/iss1/5/.

6 Break the http address at a logical breaking point (after a period, /, etc. to go to the next line).

Dissertation

1 A. Chadwick Thornhill, “To the Jew First: A Socio-Historical and Biblical-Theological

Analysis of the Pauline Teaching of ‘Election’ in Light of Second Temple Jewish Patterns of
Thought” (PhD diss., Liberty University Baptist Theological Seminary, 2013), 189.

Volume in Multi-volume Set with Translator

1 Aloys Grillmeier, From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon (451), vol. 1 of Christ in the
Christian Tradition, 2nd rev. ed., trans. John Bowden (Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1975), 260.

Volume in Multi-Volume Commentary Set

1 Edward F. Campbell, Jr., Ruth, vol. 7 of The Anchor Bible (New York: Doubleday,
1975), 116.

Article or Chapter in an Edited Book

1 Sergius Bulgakov, “The Virgin and the Saints in Orthodoxy,” in Eastern Orthodox
Theology: A Contemporary Reader, ed. Daniel B. Clendenin (Grand Rapids: Baker Books,

1995), 68.

Reference Works (Omit from Bibliography):

1 Peloubet’s Bible Dictionary, 6th ed., s.v. “Romans, Epistle to the.”

Bibliography Citations

Book with a Single Author or Editor

Habermas, Gary R. The Risen Jesus and Future Hope. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers, 2003.

Book with Multiple Authors

Bagget, David and Jerry L. Walls. Good God: The Theistic Foundations of Morality. New York:

Oxford University Press, 2011.

Kindle/E-Reader Book

Earley, Dave and Rod Dempsey. Disciple Making Is . . . : How to Live the Great Commission

with Passion and Confidence. Nashville: B&H Publishers, 2013, Kindle.

Journal Article in Print

Issler, Klaus D. “Inner Core Belief Formation, Spiritual Practices, and the Willing-Doing Gap.”
Journal of Spiritual Formation & Soul Care 2, no. 2 (2009): 179-198.

Journal Article Online

Scalise, Brian T. “Perichoresis in Gregory Nazianzen and Maximus the Confessor.” Eleutheria 2,
no. 2 (2012): 58-76. Accessed August 8, 2013. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/eleu/

vol2/iss1/5/.

Dissertation

Thornhill, A. Chadwick. “To the Jew First: A Socio-Historical and Biblical-Theological Analysis

of the Pauline Teaching of ‘Election’ in Light of Second Temple Jewish Patterns of
Thought.” PhD diss., Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary, 2013.

Volume in Multi-Volume Set with Translator

Grillmeier, Aloys. From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon (451). Vol. 1 of Christ in
Christian Tradition. 2nd rev. ed. Translated by John Bowden. Atlanta: John Knox
Press, 1975.

Volume in Multi-volume Commentary Set

Campbell, Jr., Edward F. Ruth. Vol. 7 in The Anchor Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

Article or Chapter in an Edited Book7

Bulgakov, Sergius. “The Virgin and the Saints in Orthodoxy.” In Eastern Orthodox
Theology: A Contemporary Reader, 65-75. Edited by Daniel B. Clendenin. Grand
Rapids: Baker Books, 1995.

7 When consulting an anthology where all of the chapters are written by different authors, insert the

inclusive page numbers of that particular chapter in the bibliographic entry. If citing from a book within a collection

of books such as C. S. Lewis’ The Complete C. S. Lewis Signature Classics, also insert the inclusive page numbers
of that particular book in the bibliographic entry.

Bibliography Tips

 Use the term Bibliography for your final list of bibliographic entries. Other terms such as
References or Works Cited are not acceptable.

 Bold the title, center it, and begin a new page with normal page numbering.
 Use a one-half inch hanging indention.

 Use single-line spacing between (or 12-pt. line spacing after) entries.
 Only cite sources directly referenced in the body of your paper. Do not cite works that

have only been consulted. For every reference there should be a footnote and vice-versa.

Appendix A

Sacred Book References

Spell the name of biblical books in their entirety when referred to in the main body of the paper

(outside of a parenthetical reference). When used in a parenthetical reference within the main
body of the paper or in a footnote, the biblical book should be abbreviated. To cite a specific
biblical passage within the text or notes, follow the guidelines given in Turabian 17.5.2, but use
the following abbreviations instead of the ones given in Turabian 24.6.

Old Testament

Gen Genesis Song or (Cant) Song of Songs (or Canticles)
Exod Exodus Isa Isaiah

Lev Leviticus Jer Jeremiah

Num Numbers Lam Lamentations

Deut Deuteronomy Ezek Ezekiel

Josh Joshua Dan Daniel
Judg Judges Hos Hosea

Ruth Ruth Joel Joel

1-2 Sam 1-2 Samuel Amos Amos

1-2 Kgs 1-2 Kings Obad Obadiah

1-2 Chr 1-2 Chronicles Jonah Jonah
Ezra Ezra Mic Micah

Neh Nehemiah Nah Nahum

Esth Esther Hab Habakkuk

Job Job Zeph Zephaniah
Ps/Pss Psalms Hag Haggai

Prov Proverbs Zech Zechariah

Eccl (or Qoh) Ecclesiastes (or Qoheleth) Mal Malachi

New Testament

Matt Matthew 1-2 Thess 1-2 Thessalonians
Mark Mark 1-2 T im 1-2 T imothy

Luke Luke T itus T itus

John John Phlm Philemon
Acts Acts Heb Hebrews

Rom Romans Jas James

1-2 Cor 1-2 Corinthians 1-2 Pet 1-2 Peter

Gal Galatians 1-2-3 John 1-2-3 John
Eph Ephesians Jude Jude

Phil Philippians Rev Revelation

Col Colossians

Apocrypha and Septuagint

Bar Baruch Jdt Judith

Add Dan Additions to Daniel 1-2 Macc 1-2 Maccabees

Pr Azar Prayer of Azariah 3-4 Macc 3-4 Maccabees
Bel Bel and the Dragon Pr Man Prayer of Manasseh

Sg three Song of the Three Young Men Ps 151 Psalm 151

Sus Susanna Sir Sirach/Ecclesiasticus

1-2 Esd 1-2 Esdras Tob Tobit
Add Esth Additions to Esther W is W isdom of Solomon

Ep Jer Epistle of Jeremiah

Appendix B

Capitalization Glossary8

Abrahamic Covenant
Age:
AD (Latin abbreviation for “in the year of our Lord”) goes before the date (AD 2014)

church age
nuclear age
Apostolic Age
Bronze Age Iron Age

Stone Age
Almighty God
amillennial, amillenarian
Ancient Near East

the Antichrist
anti-Christian
antichrists (many)
the Apocrypha (but: apocryphal)

apostle(s) (but: the Twelve Apostles, the Twelve)
apostolic
archaeology
ark (any reference)

Ascension (specific biblical event) Atonement (of Christ)
BC (English abbreviation for “before Christ”) goes after the date (586 BC)
Beatitudes
believer-priests’ Bible

biblical
black theology
body of Christ
Book of books (Bible)

book of Job (a book of the Bible)
book of life (mentioned in Rev. 20:15)
Bread of Life
bride of Christ

Calvary
Captivity (the Babylonian; others, lowercase)
Catholics, Catholicism (but: catholic, meaning universal)
chapter (general term)

Chapter 6 (specific chapter) charismatic
chief priest(s) children of Israel Christ Child
Christian education (but: Department of Christian Education)

8 For additional resource, see “Appendix A: Capitalization and Spelling Examples,” in The SBL Handbook

of Style: For Eastern, Near Eastern, Biblical, and Early Christian Studies (Peabody, MA: Henrickson Publishers,
1999), 154-65.

Christlike Christological Christology
Christ’s kingdom
church (both universal and local) church, the early

church fathers (but: the Fathers)
the commandments (capitalize only when referring to the whole Decalogue: Ten
Commandments, but: first commandment)
commencement

communion (the ordinance)
communists, communism (when referring to the political system)
covenant (but: Old Covenant and New Covenant)
Creation (the original)

the Creator
the Cross (figurative sense of Christ’s sacrifice and redemption)
cross (the wooden object)
the Crucifixion (when referring to Calvary in its total significance)

curriculum (plural: curricula, not: curriculums)
Davidic Covenant
Day of Atonement
Day of Pentecost

Day of the Lord the
Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS)
Decalogue
Department of Historical Theology (but: the Historical Theology department)

deity pronouns9
devil
disciple(s) (but: the Twelve)
Easter Day

Epistle (when used in connection with the biblical letters, as “the Epistle to the Galatians,” “the
Epistles,” “the Epistles of Paul,” “the Pauline Epistles,” “the Pastoral Epistles”; but Paul’s
epistles) eternal God
Exile (biblical event) Exodus (biblical event)

Fall (of man, biblical event)
fall season
the Father (God)
the Fathers (meaning the church fathers)

Feast of Tabernacles
Flood (biblical event—but: the flood of Noah’s day)
fundamentalism, fundamentalist
Garden of Eden

Garden of Gethsemane
Gentile
gnostic (when used as an adjective)

9 As a form of respect and less ambiguous reading between human and divine antecedents, all pronouns

(i.e. He, Him, His) referring to the Christian God (God, Yahweh, Father, Jesus Christ, Jesus, Christ, Holy Spirit,
etc.) should be capitalized.

Gnostic(s),
Gnosticism
Godhead

godless
godly
God-Man
gods (plural)

God’s Word
Golden Rule
the Good Shepherd
gospel (when referring to the evangelical message)

Gospel (one of the first four New Testament books)
Gospels (two or more of the first four New Testament books)
Great Commission
great white throne judgment handbook

Father
hell
High Priest (for Jesus, otherwise lowercase)
Holy Land

holy of holies, holy place, most holy place (in the tabernacle and temple)
Holy One (God)
Holy Ghost
Holy Spirit

the Incarnation
the Intertestamental period
Jehovah (but: Yahweh is preferred)
judgment seat of Christ

the Just for the unjust
King of kings
the kingdom
kingdom of Christ

kingdom of God
Last Supper
Law (Pentateuch or the Ten Commandments; lowercase for any other reason)
Law of Moses liberation theology

Lamb of God
Living Water (Jesus)
“living water” (salvation)
Lord of lords

Lord’s Day (Sunday)
Lord’s Prayer (specific prayer taught by Jesus)
Lord’s Supper
Lord’s Table

lordship
Majority Text
Markan priority

marriage supper of the Lamb
Masoretic Text (when used as a singular proper noun)
the Master (Jesus)

Mediator (Christ)
mercy seat
Messiah
messiahship

messianic
midrash (as a body of rabbinic literature; specific works within the collection would be
capitalized and italicized such as Genesis Rabbah)
midrashim (plural)

midrashic (adjective)
millenarian
millenarianism
millennial

millennium
Mosaic Covenant
Mosaic Law
Most High (name of God)

most holy place
New Covenant
New Jerusalem
New Testament

Nicene fathers
Noah’s ark
non-Christian
Northern Kingdom (Israel)

Old Covenant
Old Testament
parable of the prodigal son (and other parables)
Passover feast (Feast of the Passover)

the person and work of Christ
the personhood of Christ
Person (if referencing one of the Trinity) e.g. The third Person of the Trinity
postmillennial

postmillenarian
premillennial
premillenarian
Prince of Peace

Promised Land
prophet (the prophet Amos)
the Prophets (Hebrew division of the Old Testament)
Protestant

Protestantism
proto-Mark
proto-Luke

proto-Matthew
Psalm (specific song or chapter in the Psalms—Psalm 1; but: this psalm)
psalmist (psalmist David)

the psalms (general reference)
Psalms (the biblical book)
rabbi
rabbinical (but: Rabbinical Judaism)

rapture
the Redeemer
the Reformation registration
the Resurrection (Jesus’; otherwise lowercase)

Righteous One
River Jordan
Sabbath Day
Sadducees

Sanhedrin
the Second Temple period
Satan
satanic

satanism
Savior
scribes
scriptural

Scripture (when referencing the Bible, otherwise scripture)
the Second Advent
the Second Coming (biblical event; but: Christ’s second coming)
the Seminary (when referring to Liberty Baptist University Theological Seminary)

Septuagint
Sermon on the Mount
Shekinah
Sin-bearer (Christ)

Son of Man
sonship
Southern Kingdom (Judah)
the Spirit of God

the Spirit of Truth
spring season (summer, fall, winter, spring)
Stoic(s) (member of the philosophy begun by Zeno)
stoic (an attitude)

suffering Servant (Christ)
Sunday school
Synoptics
Synoptic Gospels

systematic theology (unless used as a proper noun such as for a course, Systematic Theology)
tabernacle
Talmud

temple
the Ten Commandments (but: the first commandment)
the two-source (or document) hypothesis (or theory)

Theology
theological
third world (preference: two-thirds world)
throne of grace

Thy holy name
Transfiguration (biblical event)
Tribulation
the Tribulation

the Great Tribulation
Trinitarian
Trinity
Triumphal Entry

triune
TV (not T.V.)
the Twelve (referring to the apostles)
unbiblical

unchristian (but: un-Christlike, non-Christian)
Upper Room
white (Caucasian)
wise men (biblical)

Wonderful One (title of God)
the Word (Bible or Christ)

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DIVINITY

Title of Paper

Submitted to Name and Title of Instructor/Professor

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of

Insert Course Prefix and Number – Section Number

Insert Course Title

Name of Student

Month Day, Year Submitted

RTCH 500

Exegesis Research Paper Instructions

Using Introduction to Biblical Hermeneutics by Kaiser and Silva as a reference guide, you will write an Exegesis Research Paper submitted in 3 parts. You will choose between 3 biblical passages listed below on which to write the paper.

Passage Options:

· Psalm 1:1–6

· Mark 4:26–34

· Ephesians 4:7–16

Each part of the paper will begin the process of helping you gain experience with submitting an Exegesis Research Paper through the following stages:

Part 1: Introduction and Context of the Passage

Part 2: Meaning of the Passage and Bibliography

Rewrite Part 1 as needed, taking into consideration any feedback provided by the professor. In addition, address the meaning of the passage, utilizing resources identified in the accompanying bibliography. List 10 sources relevant to the paper, cited in current Turabian format as interpreted by the

School of Divinity Writing Guide

. The sources must be current and scholarly (written by academics with credentials that qualify them to write, not popular treatments written for laity) using those found in the ATLA database as a guide.

Part 3: Significance of the Passage (Final Version)

Rewrite Parts 1 and 2 as needed, taking into consideration any feedback provided by the professor. In Part 3 of the paper, address the significance and application of the passage to the Christian life and church ministry. Each paper must have a coherent conclusion that summarizes the content of the textual analysis. Submit a 2,500–3,000-word final version of the paper (double-spaced, in 12-point font). You must carefully edit the final version for spelling, grammar, and syntax. Perfection in the implementation of current Turabian format is expected.

Exegesis Research Paper – Part 1 is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 3.

Exegesis Research Paper – Part 2 is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 5.

Exegesis Research Paper – Part 3 is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 7.

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