courseworkhero.co.uk

read this article 

http://www.esf.edu/efb/limburg/watershedecology/Readings/Rabalais_et_al_2002

Beyond Science into Policy: Gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi River

By: Colten Nswonger, Michaela Kempf, Cassie Ambuehl, Rébecca Ada Ondo, Shuai Wang, and Bethany Asmus

The Summary
Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico
Hypoxia is the lack of oxygen in the water
At 2.0 mg per liter, aquatic life is disturbed
1.0 mg per liter = death
How does it occur?
High Nitrogen Levels
Starting in the 1950s
Fertilizer application, watershed, and land-use change
Channelization and coastal wetland loss
Over population of phytoplankton
Flux of poorly oxygenated water from offshore
Organic carbon load
Climate Change

Risk Assessment and policy used to accomplish goals
Goals:
Reducing the hypoxia 30% by 2015
Costal Goal: Hypoxia zone to less than 5000km2*
Within basin goal: Restore and protect waters of the 31 states and tribal lands*
Quality-of-life goal: Improve communities and economic conditions*
Education: Informing the researchers, public, and government

* = Action plan

Policy Development

What are the Risks if we don’t act?
Lower biodiversity in the Gulf
Increase harmful bacteria that thrive in the “dead zone”
Harmful to Human health

Differing View points
Fertilizer Institute
Council for Agriculture Science and Technology
Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research
“Can’t be from the Fertilizer”

What happens Next??