Biomedical Science -Independent Project-Edit and improve Article to be published

Requirements

1. Use the Problem 8 Project Rubric attached (Handwritten notes are from classmates and may not be valid). Edit and improve attached article to be published by International Youth Neuroscience Association https://docs.google.com/document/d/112jgcm-E-o9uUiKdR2YRT8QSuO_wHaZ1-AIVMzkBqds/edit?usp=sharing

2. Base on reliable primary and secondary sources (Wikipedia and similar sources are not acceptable). Use Pubmed to find sources.

3. Follow the International Youth Neuroscience Association (IYNA) Editing and Formatting Guidelines https://www.youthneuro.org/journal-submissions

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IYNA Editing Guidelines
These are the guidelines provided to our editors. Keep them in mind while
writing. Guidelines that have been recently added are highlighted in yellow.
General Guidelines:
1.
Article submissions cannot have been previously published elsewhere (partly, entirely, or in
another edited form), and articles may not be republished elsewhere following publication in
the IYNA Journal.
2. You are not permitted to submit an article if you already have an article being edited in the
system. You must wait for that first article to pass through all rounds of editing before
submitting another article (the Editor-in-Chief will email you when this occurs). Similarly,
you are not permitted to submit multiple articles simultaneously, and more than one of your
articles cannot be published in the same issue.
3. All journal entries should not contain grammatical errors.
4. Use primary sources in all articles whenever possible. If an original study is available, be sure
to use the full original study and not a paraphrasing or abstract.
5. Refrain from using personal anecdotes; instead, use established case studies to illustrate the
neurological phenomena in your article.
6. Images must be referenced at least once in the text of the article to ensure its relevance and
to contextualize the image in the broader discussions posed by the article. For instance, a
helpful sentence starter is “As shown in figure X…” or you may refer to the image
parenthetically at the end of a sentence: “(See figure X).”
7. Refrain from citing online sources with URLs that don’t end in .gov, .org, or .edu. If you
would like to cite a source that you believe is reputable (but it doesn’t end in .gov, .org, or
.edu), send an email to swagle@youthneuro.org for further review. This rule only applies to
informational references; reputability is not a concern for image references.
8. If you use an in-line citation, it is preferred that you don’t repeat the citation author’s name
in the preceding sentence itself to avoid redundancy (the author’s name should already be in
the corresponding citation in the references table at the end of the article).
9. All journal entries should be written entirely from a third-person point of view (first-person
and second-person points of view are only permissible if they’re quotations or if permission
is given by the editor-in-chief).
10. All journal entries should reflect a high level of awareness of the subject discussed.
11. Articles may not be shorter than three pages nor exceed seven pages. The References Table
(see 9.ii.) is NOT counted within this page minimum and maximum respectively. The goal is
to be concise and simple, reaching an audience of readers who may not be wholly familiar
with the field of neuroscience. Thus, any jargon and technical language must be clearly
defined, and overall, the diction of the article should align with the aforementioned goal.
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12. All assertions made that are not common knowledge (e.g. that the corpus callosum connects
the cerebral hemispheres, that the typical adult human brain has between 80 and 100 billion
neurons, etc.) should be properly cited in APA format. These citations should be made
public so that readers can access them.
13. A VERY IMPORTANT NOTE ON ACADEMIC HONESTY: IF A PIECE OF
INFORMATION IS NOT 100% YOURS, IT MUST BE CITED! IF IT IS JUST A
SENTENCE, CITE IT. IF IT IS JUST A PARAPHRASED SENTENCE, CITE IT. IT’S
STILL NOT YOUR ORIGINAL WORK.
14. All images used within articles should be cited in the references, as well as with an in-line
citation.
15. All quotations taken should be used only in their intended context and with complete
accuracy. Context should be provided in all articles to ensure that only the intended
meaning is presented.
16. No “clickbait” type headlines should be used, such as “Miracle Drug Found to Cure
Alzheimer’s” to describe a study finding a new treatment or “Doctors Killing Patients” to
begin a discussion on medically-assisted suicide, under any circumstances unless the
situation genuinely warrants such a title.
17. Remember that neither speed nor format excuses inaccuracy.
18. Report and correct any mistakes you find after the journal’s publication promptly and
effectively, explaining to the readers why the correction was made and its implications if
applicable.
19. Follow all guidelines on http://www.spj.org/ethicscode.asp, when applicable (I used this as
inspiration for a few of the guidelines listed here).
20. All articles must pass the Finkbeiner test when reporting on female researchers, scientists,
doctors, or other neuroscientists. The articles MUST NOT MENTION THE FOLLOWING
(See corollary in 13):
a. The fact that she’s a woman
b. Her husband’s job
c. Her child care arrangements
d. How she nurtures her underlings
e. How she was taken aback by the competitiveness in her field
f. How she’s such a role model for other women
g. How she’s the “first woman to…”
21. For any other minority group member, similar protocols should be taken to ensure that the
focus of the article is on neuroscience and gives the subject of the article the same dignity
that other scientists get in the media.
22. No unprofessional or immoral conduct of any type, even if not specifically outlined in the
general guidelines, will be tolerated. Use common sense.
23. We require articles to use inclusive language regarding marginalized identities, especially In
terms of race, gender, and sexual orientation. For example, in an article discussing
menstruation, it’s best practice to use the more inclusive term “people who may menstruate”
rather than “women” to validate and acknowledge the experiences of transgender men and
non-binary people who menstruate but don’t necessarily identify as female.
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Specific Column Guidelines:
1.
Neuroethics
a. All articles should demonstrate a thoroughly-reasoned approach to the subject
matter
i.
Writers are allowed to be persuasive as long as their contentions are
supported by evidence, are respectful (especially regarding the treatment of
marginalized identities), are written in the third-person point of view (no
first-person pronouns), and are unequivocally accurate (no misleading
statements). Writers are encouraged to address counterarguments as well.
ii.
Writers should include all nuances when necessary. Do not create a false
dichotomy!
b. No sweeping generalizations should be made UNLESS there is a VERY VERY
convincing reason to do so (example of an acceptable case: School shootings are bad)
c. No arguments should contain logical fallacies; to review common types, see
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/659/03/ or other websites.
2. Research
a. All articles should describe recent discoveries (since 2010), preferably towards later
dates if available, unless the article is describing a key milestone in neuroscience
history (such as Broca’s discoveries, Penfield’s, Hodgkin and Huxley’s, etc).
b. If complicated terminology or jargon is used, articles should include definitions of
key terms in accessible language at the end of the article just before the references
section or within the article itself.
c. All key figures and data should be included with an accurate interpretation provided
to explain the data.
d. Articles may not contain data collected by the author. The purpose of the Research
column is to shed light on novel research conducted by leading experts in the field
rather than focus on original research conducted by the author.
3. Interview
a. The interviewee’s exact words may not be changed, even for grammatical purposes.
b. All quotations must be taken in context with the precise questions asked included.
c. All questions should be relevant, precise, and clear. No questions about subjects
outside of their work (e.g. family life) should be included (see rules a.9-a.11 for further
instructions).
d. Interview entries should have a proper introduction of the interviewee including
relevant education, achievements and research work.
e. A complete transcript of the interview should be available upon request.
f. Proof of interviewee consent regarding the article publication should be available
upon request, and if preferred, the interviewee may review the finalized copy of the
article before its publication to ensure all of their statements have been presented as
intended.
4. Satire
a. No articles should make explicit criticisms of any person or refer to specific
individuals in a negative light. This is not political satire.
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IYNA Format Guidelines
For an example, see the template on pages 4-5.
1.
IYNA Format begins with the title of each paper, size 26 black Sorts Mill Goudy typeface
aligned right. Type in your titles and subheadings into this smart title capitalization tool, and
then copy and paste the results into your article (still following proper formatting in terms of
font size, type, color, etc.).
2. Beneath the title should come the author’s first and last name in size 15 dark gray 3 Sorts Mill
Goudy typeface, also aligned right.
3. After the author’s name should come one blank line and then the word ‘Abstract’ or
‘Introduction’ aligned center. This should be followed by a 50 – 250 word abstract or
introduction summarizing the article in size 11 black Sorts Mill Goudy italic font with 1-inch
margins on either side of the abstract. The abstract should be center aligned within these
margins. You shouldn’t add in-text citations to your abstract/introduction, since you should
essentially be summarizing the whole article, not stating new information.
4. The body of the article follows the abstract and should be typed in size 11 black Sorts Mill
Goudy with 1.15 spacing between lines.
5.
Contributors are required to have headings for each section of their paper. Section headings
should be in size 11 black bolded Sorts Mill Goudy, aligned left. One blank line should be left
above the section heading and one blank line underneath. The indented first line of the
section should come after this blank line beneath the section heading. Sections may contain
multiple paragraphs as long as a blank line separates each paragraph and the first line of each
paragraph is indented.
1.
The IYNA wants its articles to be engaging to readers. Contributors should include at least
one simple image in their article submissions to break up the text. Images should be created
using the Google Drawing feature. A caption should be added to all images (in the same
Google Drawing itself, NOT typed out directly onto the Google Doc), and the resulting
drawing should be set to “wrap text” and aligned with one of the corners of the page. The
Google Drawing should be expanded to be big enough to make the image and caption
legible.
2. The captions of the images should be in size 9 dark grey 4 Sorts Mill Goudy. They
should begin with “Figure #.” followed by the caption. At the end of the caption, there
should be brackets enclosing the numerical position of the citation in the References table at
the end of the paper. The caption should be center aligned. If the caption is a complete
sentence, it should end in a period. If not, then the caption should not end in a period. An
example is shown below:
Figure 1. Regions differing in fractional anisotropy as shown from machine learning solution [2]
6. When referencing unoriginal material, IYNA Format articles must conform to the following
guidelines:
i.
In-text citations should occur at the end of the sentence in which they are
made. Before the period ending the sentence, authors should include an
opening bracket, followed by the numerical position of the citation in the
References table at the end of the paper, followed by a closing bracket. An
example would be “…in which they are made [1].”
ii.
If the same reference is used in a series of consecutive sentences, only add the
in-line citation at the very end of the last sentence of the consecutive series
of sentences. If there is at least one sentence in between two sentences that
cite the same reference, then you still must add an in-line citation at the end
of both sentences.
iii.
The References Table (RT) should conform to the following guidelines:
1. The RT should follow the body of the paper, and should be set in size
8 black Sorts Mill Goudy aligned left. The word ‘References’ should
be placed on the first line of the two-columned table, with all sourced
materials in the cells beneath.
2. Sources should be included in the RT in order of their appearance in
the article. There is no need to laboriously alphabetize them 🙂
3. Sources should begin with an open bracket followed by their
numerical position in the RT followed by a closing bracket and a
single space. Then comes the source author’s last name, a comma,
then the source author’s first name followed by a period. The format
of “Last Name, First Name” only applies to the first author if there are
multiple authors. The authors following the first author will follow
the format of “First Name Last Name” (e.g. Williams, John and
Andrew Cho). If there are several authors, put “et al.” after the first
author’s name (e.g. Williams, John et al.). Do not abbreviate author
names.
4. The date of publication should follow the preceding period after a
single space and an open parenthesis. The date should be in
DD/MM/YYYY format because that resembles a logical progression
from the smallest unit of time to the largest. The date of publication
should end with a closed parenthesis and another period. (Note: if
only the year of publication of a source is available, but not its date or
month of publication, the year alone will be sufficient).
5. A single space should come after the preceding period, followed by
the Title of the sourced material. Do not surround your title in
quotation marks. This should be followed by another period.
6. After the preceding period should come a single space and one of the
following: 1. the title of the academic journal in which the article
referenced was published, 2. the title of the website from which the
source referenced was published, or 3. the chapter of the book from
which the material was sourced (again, no surrounding quotation
marks). You know what’s coming next. Another period, that’s what.
7. The following should come after a single space that follows the
preceding period: 1. the page of the academic journal on which the
source material can be found, 2. the URL of the website from which
the source material is derived (can be a DOI link if applicable – e.g.
https://doi.org/10.1109/5.771073), or 3. the page(s) of the book from
which the source material is derived. Followed by, you guessed it,
another period.
8. The word ‘Retrieved’, a colon, and the date you retrieved the sourced
material in DD/MM/YYYY format should follow the preceding
period and another space.
9. The references are now complete. They should be arranged in a
two-columned table inserted into your document with as many rows
as necessary. Your references must be in numerical order going from
the top left row to the bottom left row and then continuing on to the
top right row all the way down to the bottom right row. You must
arrange your references in two symmetric columns (e.g. the first eight
references in the left column and the last eight references in the right
column). If you have an odd number of references, then make the left
column one reference longer than the right column. All cells should
be left- and top-aligned.
10. References must all be unique from each other and may not repeat.
Each and every reference must represent a distinct source of
information. If you cite a reference more than once in your article,
the in-line citation must contain the same number at the end of every
sentence in which the reference is cited.
11. If any information is missing (e.g. author name, date of publication,
etc.), skip over it and move on to the next required item in your
reference. Do not put “Unknown”, “N/A”, or something similar.
Title: Optional Subtitle
Author Name
Abstract or Introduction
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Section Heading
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Aliquam elementum elit eget leo ullamcorper vulputate. Suspendisse ultrices nulla at neque
dapibus eleifend. Duis vel venenatis magna. Duis non urna turpis. Etiam in rhoncus purus, at
volutpat purus [2]. Suspendisse lobortis faucibus lacus, eget porta ante. Donec in auctor ipsum, vel
tristique quam. Pellentesque lacinia velit in arcu suscipit, eu dictum nibh ultricies. Nullam in lacus
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Section Heading
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aliquam metus. Nullam dapibus purus mi, sit amet feugiat velit feugiat vel. Aliquam eleifend vel
neque ut consequat. Integer nisi urna, bibendum et pretium a, dignissim id sem [3]. Quisque iaculis
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posuere. Morbi cursus quam non ante volutpat tristique.
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consequat risus at ullamcorper. Integer a risus ex. Etiam luctus consectetur augue vel cursus.
Pellentesque eget scelerisque dolor, sed commodo magna. Maecenas non velit purus. Maecenas
feugiat bibendum felis, vel commodo eros dictum eget. Cras sed enim ligula. Sed in tortor sit amet
diam fringilla vestibulum. Vestibulum ex ex, viverra a urna quis, bibendum tempor lacus. Duis at
dolor lacus [4].
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Aliquam elementum ex vitae nulla condimentum tincidunt. Nunc rhoncus turpis sed dolor cursus
tempus [5][6][7][8][9][10].
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References
[1] LastName, FirstName. (DD/MM/YYYY). Title of the Sourced
Material. Title of journal, website, or book. Page of journal, URL,
or page of book. Retrieved: Date of retrieval.
[6] LastName, FirstName. (DD/MM/YYYY). Title of the Sourced
Material. Title of journal, website, or book. Page of journal, URL,
or page of book. Retrieved: Date of retrieval.
[2] LastName, FirstName. (DD/MM/YYYY). Title of the Sourced
Material. Title of journal, website, or book. Page of journal, URL,
or page of book. Retrieved: Date of retrieval.
{7] LastName, FirstName. (DD/MM/YYYY). Title of the Sourced
Material. Title of journal, website, or book. Page of journal, URL,
or page of book. Retrieved: Date of retrieval.
[3] LastName, FirstName. (DD/MM/YYYY). Title of the Sourced
Material. Title of journal, website, or book. Page of journal, URL,
or page of book. Retrieved: Date of retrieval.
[8] LastName, FirstName. (DD/MM/YYYY). Title of the Sourced
Material. Title of journal, website, or book. Page of journal, URL,
or page of book. Retrieved: Date of retrieval.
[4] LastName, FirstName. (DD/MM/YYYY). Title of the Sourced
Material. Title of journal, website, or book. Page of journal, URL,
or page of book. Retrieved: Date of retrieval.
[9] LastName, FirstName. (DD/MM/YYYY). Title of the Sourced
Material. Title of journal, website, or book. Page of journal, URL,
or page of book. Retrieved: Date of retrieval.
[5] LastName, FirstName. (DD/MM/YYYY). Title of the Sourced
Material. Title of journal, website, or book. Page of journal, URL,
or page of book. Retrieved: Date of retrieval.
[10] LastName, FirstName. (DD/MM/YYYY). Title of the Sourced
Material. Title of journal, website, or book. Page of journal, URL,
or page of book. Retrieved: Date of retrieval.
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