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Using the Microsoft Word document created in W4 Project, add to it by including the following:
Now that you have created use-case models for your system, you will continue your system design by completing your class diagram and applying behavioral diagrams.
Develop sequence diagrams for two use-case scenarios from your W4 Project.Justify any assumptions on some of the messages passed between objects. Clearly indicate what objects are involved in each diagram.
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Running Head: APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Applied System Analysis
Chernae Dalton
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Applied System Analysis
Company description
Hospitality and tourism represent some of the largest sectors in the world. The sector has
adopted technology extensively which is responsible for its size due to high growth and
expansion. Despite adopting technology extensively, opportunities exist giving room for
innovations. Some of the challenges that tourists find when they visit a new region is an inability
to identify a hospitality establishment that meets their budget. Despite finding accommodation
within their budget, some people still struggle to find a place that will meet their needs as they
lack the support services they desire (Bryson, 2018). Therefore, the need to provide such
information to a client makes it a convenient experience as the customer will not waste time and
incur additional cots moving from one hotel to another seeking the hotel which offers their
needs.
Stakeholders of the project
The hospitality and tourism establishments are major stakeholders that need to be
consulted in the development of the application (Bryson, 2018). These stakeholders will offer
information that will be added to the application allowing the clients to be well informed about
the features of their desired hospitality establishment.
The customers will as well be involved as it will present them with the opportunity to
give their ideas on some of the features that need to be included or dismissed altogether. That
way, the application will be more desirable to them.
The government will as well be involved as it is the main body that regulates companies
by ensuring compliance with the set standards (Bryson, 2018). Involving the government will as
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
well make it possible to identify the basis and means that will be observed when paying taxes
after customer engagement on the platform.
Statement of work
Purpose: To develop an app that will ease the process of finding accommodation that
meets the needs of the client (Bryson, 2018).
Scope of work: The process involves the collection of data from hotels, its organization,
and analysis as well as coding it to ensure it provides meaningful information when included in
the app (O’Reilly et al, 2017).
Period of performance: The project will start from January 5, 2020, to August 11, 2020.
The project will be carried out 8hrs daily 5 days in a week for the 8 months.
Applicable standards: The application meets the standards of a functional application as
required by the government through the IT department.
Acceptance criteria: The app will be accepted upon allowing the hotels and tourism
establishments to interact with each other effectively (O’Reilly et al, 2017).
Feasibility analysis
Ergonomic feasibility of the app will focus on the ability of the user and the service
provider, the tourist and hospitality sector making it possible for the client to solve their
challenges when the need arises (Bryson, 2018).
Organizational feasibility refers to the ability of the application to bring the stakeholders
together making it possible for them to interact in a way that leads to value addition to the parties
involved (Bryson, 2018).
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Technical feasibility of the app focuses on the ability of the app to run effectively without
developing challenges that give one of the stakeholders or both, the opportunity to take
advantage of the other (O’Reilly et al, 2017). For example, there should no lies or hidden
charges. Additional, the app needs to be designed in a way that its functioning is not affected by
a high number of users. That way, it will be possible to meet the needs of the involved parties
leading to their value addition.
References
Bryson, A. E. (2018). Applied optimal control: optimization, estimation and control. Routledge.
O’Reilly, M., Duffin, J., Ward, T., & Caulfield, B. (2017). Mobile app to streamline the
development of wearable sensor-based exercise biofeedback systems: system
development and evaluation. JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies, 4(2), e9.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Project Design Phase.
SDLC Project Plan.
The systems development life cycle also known as application development life cycle describes
activities such as planning, developing and providing an experimentation on an information
system. This will enable me in the application of this skills. Its lifecycle concept is applicable to
numerous software and hardware configurations.
The project schedules.
The system development life cycle is composed of seven stages to be followed effectively to
attain our desired objective. The seven procedural steps are:
i.
Analysis / Analyzing. Input is gathered and the weaknesses / downfalls and strengths are
learned.
ii.
Design. Answers the question, “In which way will we obtain what we want?” Feedback
and opinions are offered.
iii.
Development. The generation of all the actual code is developed in this step.
iv.
Testing / Experimentation. This is done to ensure quality is produced and methods such
as code quality and unit testing are implemented in the process.
v.
Implementation. The system is put in operation to begin the intended purpose.
vi.
Documenting. Describes that the system is in operation.
vii.
Evaluating. Assessing its performance is done to ensure that its performance is in check
and its output is the intended.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Assessment of progress plan.
This assessment ensures careful planning and requires that practicability is observed. In this way
a plan is undertaken effectively and efficiently ensuring that the intended mission, objectives,
goals and visions are attained.
The assessment will involve undertaking the following activities:
A. Creating / forming a team. An active team is beneficial as it encourages innovation and
keeps the undertakings on track. Check-ins are performed within the team all throughout
the life of the project.
B. Goal and objectives visualization. The intended end output imposes reality and makes the
project lively. Procedures to be used to attain the endpoint are brought up.
C. Application of tools. These tools will help in progress measurement since they are simple
in its application and will ensure the team is performing.
D. Future planning’s. This will aid in scheduling into small portions easily to be measured
such as project on a huge scale.
E. Deadline establishment. Due periods are formed to ensure minimal time is utilized and
this will benefit in the attainment of various plans within their specified periods.
A Staffing Plan.
This plan ensures that there are various duties and responsibilities in place and ensures that every
employee is assigned duties and responsibilities according to his or her skills without any
discrimination. The workers are placed in various departments according to the requirements of
the departments. In the creation of the plan the following will be undertaken:
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
i.
Establishment of various job descriptions. As such positions which relate to each other
are established which ensures that visions of every department are attained and makes it
easy for job distribution among the employees.
ii.
Assessment of workers. Association with workers is done to ascertain their skills and
know the areas they can perform best as well as examining their productivity in the
organization.
iii.
Alteration of previous staffing decisions. Undertaking this will ensure that the staff is
operating under the current business trends and the current technology and may be
performed by making calculations on the turnover trends of a company.
iv.
Creation of alternative staffing plans. This back up ensures that estimated number of
workers required during various periods of the year are met and flexibility is achieved.
A Communication Plan.
A proper communication plan ensures that messages disseminated to the audience is delivered.
Measurable results are obtained as information is specified and scrutinized. A proper plan to
attain the objectives includes:
A. Making an analysis of a situation. Gathering of various information should be done and
its analysis performed by brainstorming, taking surveys and issuing questionnaires
including formation of focus groups.
B. Establishment of the main audiences. The key audiences of the information to be
disseminated are defined and may be clients, members and non-members.
C. Establishment of media channels. Numerous channels of passing information are put in
place to make sure that the target audiences receive intended messages.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
D. Time tabling. To ensure intended outcome and objectives attainment, planning on timing
the steps should be prioritized for maximization of the results.
E. Evaluating various outcomes. Measurement of outcomes help identify if the objectives
were met and improvements and corrections may be made again.
A Risk Management Plan.
It includes strategies and various techniques for establishment and the confrontation of threats
that are likely to affect adversely. The plan should be less consuming and inexpensive, the
following should be put in place:
i.
Establishment of risk management philosophy. This will make sure that the company
provides status on the position it is on risk management. Such as ensuring long term
objectives and making sure that the various activities of management are pro-active.
ii.
Creating a risk management policy. This will aid in breaking down a philosophy into
precise with clear actions.
iii.
Formation of a risk management department. This department will be concerned with
identifying risks, undertaking risk control, making records and implementation of control
measures.
iv.
Providing for various techniques of risk identification. Risk identification will determine
risk that may face an organization and their characteristics may be noted. Methods which
will be used to identify such risks include:
a. Physical inspection.
b. Using checklists.
c. Information gathering techniques.
d. Hazard and operability study method.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
e. Documentation review.
v.
Establishment of risk evaluation technique. Likelihood of risk happening is stipulated
and identify which risk will pose great effects. Examples of the methods which will be
used are; the risk maps, probability theory and event tree analysis.
vi.
Managing risks through insurance. This will involve a contractual agreement, premium
payment and a benefit payment between the insurance firm and the organization.
References.
Verschuren, P., Doorewaard, H., &Mellion, M. (2010). Designing a research project (Vol.
The Hague: Eleven International Publishing. Kirkby, M. P., Dost, P., Holdwick, C. C., Poskie,
M., Glaser, D., & Sage, M. (1998). Improving staffing with a resource management plan.
JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 28(11), 25-29.
Ceschi, M., Sillitti, A., Succi, G., & De Panfilis, S. (2005). Project management in plan-based
and agile companies. IEEE software, 22(3), 21-27.
Zwikael, O., &Ahn, M. (2011). The effectiveness of risk management: an analysis of project risk
planning across industries and countries. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 31(1),
25-37.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Requirements of elicitation techniques.
As relevant information is needed in achieving the intended goals and missions, the elicitation
technique should meet various requirements in order forus to obtain our goals.
1. Brainstorming.
This technique aids us in figuring imaginative ideas where the users are at the beginning
of any project and our capabilities may be used to make a documentation out of it.
As it includes refinement and creation of ideas, innovation is brought up and various
ideas could too be obtained among the partners involved.
2. Interviews.
Talking to people involved could help us in obtaining important and very essential
information.
For this to be successful, being active is one of the prioritization to be made and
moreover being active in making numerous inquiries.
Moreover, one should select the kind of interview to be used, both structured or unstructured one and the use of direct open-ended questions to be considered.
3. Questionnaires.
Making a survey would aid in obtaining numerous relevant solutions that we can’t obtain
by ourselvesas it evokes a lot of data from many people.
Forms should be created and assigned to the right individuals and dates should moreover
be determined.
To accomplish this fully, we must be equipped with enough knowledge of our
undertakings to avoid misunderstandings of the inquiries we make.
Consideration of the format of the questionnaire to be used should also be prioritized:
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
i.
The fixed format. This format will involve questions that would require
predefined responses as answers would be chosen from the options provided.
ii.
The free format. In this format, each inquiry made would be answered openly
with a valid response.
4. Prototyping.
Gathering of first initial requirements is done to aid in clarifications. The priorities to be
considered are then utilized to create a solution. Information is then modified and
repeated using the similar process until a satisfaction of the intended needs are met.
5. The document analysis.
This is a requirement which is extremely valuable whereby improvements to existing
structures are made and investigations on the recent documentations made too.
One should begin by studying and deeply understanding the various documentations and
involve them in the issues being determined.
Documentations required by the elicitation plan.
The various documentation required by our elicitation plan are:
i.
Objectives.
A deep and serious clarification of what the elicitation is for and its major
intended purpose. Such as the development of an application system such as an
app.
ii.
Strategies and processes.
What to be used and utilized is provided and the various approaches to be used
are rolled out clearly. Approaches such as interviews and questionnaires.
iii.
Products of elicitation efforts.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Documentations are to be prioritized to make sure that any information is jotted for
future reference and to ease in the process of analyzing.
iv.
Schedule and resource estimates.
A creation of a schedule to be used is made and the resources needed to make the
elicitation process a success is provided.
v.
Risks.
Risks as factors which could hinder the successful completion of the entire
process is considered and the possible mitigation technique to be suggested.
Functional requirements.
i.
Automatic validation.
ii.
Record keeping by the system.
iii.
Integration with banking API involved,
iv.
Availability to pass section 508 requirement.
Non-functional requirements.
•
Integrity of data.
•
Scalability capacity.
•
Availability.
•
Reliability.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
References.
Cooke, N. J. (1994). Varieties of knowledge elicitation techniques. International Journal of
Human-Computer Studies, 41(6), 801-849.
Borgatti, S. P., &Halgin, D. S. (1999). Elicitation techniques for cultural domain analysis. The
ethnographer’s toolkit, 3, 115-151.
Johnson, J. C., & Weller, S. C. (2002). Elicitation techniques for interviewing. Handbook of
interview research: Context and method, 491-514.
Cornips, L., &Poletto, C. (2005). On standardising syntactic elicitation techniques (part 1).
Lingua, 115(7), 939-957.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Use Case Diagram
Is a graphic modified depiction that enhances interactions between the elements in the
software, the method that is used in analyzing, clarification and organization of system needs is
the Use Case (Wolters & Engels, 2016).
Accommodation search system use case diagram
Before the tourists book a room, they first search for available accommodation facility
that meets their needs and are within their budget. Below is a use case diagram for the search
operations.
Below is the uses case description of two cases in the diagram.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Title
Budget
Actor
Tourist
Description
Budget is the amount the tourist is able and willing to spend on
accommodation facility
Special Requirements
Precondition
None
Hotel accommodation costs must be within the tourists’ budget .
Post conditions
Tourist can choose the hotel.
Extensions
None
Relationships
Tourist Budget must be within the hotels service costs.
Title
Hotel Standards
Actor
Hotel
Description
Hotel / accommodation facility provides their standards which are
compared to government’s basic standard for it to qualify to be
listed.
Special Requirements
Precondition
Have government’s basic standards
1. Admin adds or updates government standards.
2. Hotel is registered in the application.
Post conditions
Hotel is certified.
Extensions
Hotels’ standards should be in accordance with the governments
standards.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Relationships
None
The above use case diagram has the following flow of events.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Hotel Booking System
After finding the favorable hotel, the tourist then goes through the process of booking a
room in a hotel. The process is described in the use case diagram below.
Below are the use case description for hotel booking system.
Title
Add Room
Actor
Hotel Manager
Description
Describes the process of adding new room in the system.
Special Requirements
Hotel manager must be authenticated
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Precondition
1. Room is vacant.
2. Hotel is certified.
3. Hotel manager is logged in.
Post conditions
1. New room is added to system.
2. Available rooms are incremented.
3. System updates the database.
Extensions
None
Relationships
Update rooms and login
Title
Make Payment
Actor
Tourist
Description
Tourist makes payment to book a room at the hotel.
Special Requirements
Payment gateway
Precondition
1. Tourist is a registered member.
2. Hotel has vacant rooms.
Post conditions
1. The room is booked.
2. Available rooms are decremented
3. System updates database.
Extensions
Payment gateway
Relationships
Update rooms and available rooms
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Hotel booking module can then be summarized in the following flow of events diagram.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Object-oriented (OO) Class Diagram.
The OO class diagram describes the classes in the proposed system, each class operation,
attributes and relationships between them (Darimont, & Lemoine, 2018). Below is the OO class
diagram of this system.
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APPLIED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
References
Darimont, R., Ponsard, C., & Lemoine, M. (2018). Goal-driven elaboration of OCL enriched
UML class diagrams. In MODELS Workshops (pp. 118-131).
Wolters, D., Gerth, C., & Engels, G. (2016). Modeling Cross-Device Systems with Use Case
Diagrams. In CAiSE Forum(pp. 89-96).
