Roxbury Community College The Evolution of Ski Technology Discussion

SKIING
Colorado Junior Downhill State Champion, 2 years
U.S. Junior Downhill Medalist, 2 years
U.S. Junior Downhill Club Medalist, 2 years
U.S. Junior Slalom Medalist
U.S. National Ski Team, 10 years
U.S. Olympic Team, 3 Olympics
Olympic Downhill Medalist, 2 times
Rocky Mountain Club Skier of the Year
Colorado Skier of the Year, 3 times
COACHING
Coach, Rocky Mountain Club Team
Coach, Junior Olympic Team
Assistant Coach, U.S. Olympic Team
Honorary Coach, Special Olympics
Front Range Action Sports
1926 Quebec Street
Denver, CO 80207
(303) 555-0970
www.frontrangeactionsports.com
June 26, 2019
Michael Dixon, President
Front Range Action Sports
12756 St. Austin Drive
Vail, CO 81658
Dear Michael:
We are preparing materials for the upcoming National Sales Meeting and the Winter Sports Expo in
Denver. We have prepared a packet of information that we will be sending to all company attendees. I
am sending copies of these documents for your approval.
The packet of information includes the following documents:
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A company newsletter for employees with information about both the National Sales Meeting
and the Winter Sports Expo
A resume of Bob Lewis, our guest speaker, featuring the highlights of his career
A research report on the development of ski materials over the past 10,000 years, with a focus
on the materials used in the skis
A sample set of name tags for the employees at the national sales meeting
A flyer that will be posted in and around Denver, sent to all of the recipients of our e-mail list,
and eventually posted on our Web site
If you have any comments or suggestions, please let me know as soon as possible. We must send these
and the other materials I sent you last week to the printer by the end of July.
Sincerely,
Irene Shviktar, Vice President Marketing
Enclosures
Front Range Action Sports
Employee Newsletter
Winter Expo Special Edition
National Sales Meeting
The Front Range Action Sports national sales meeting will be held in Denver on Thursday, September 22,
at the Rocky Mountain Convention Center. All store managers, assistant managers, and department
heads will attend, as well as members of the marketing department and all of our sales representatives.
The all-day event will include a morning of presentations of new products by all of the major Winter
Sports Expo exhibitors. Lunch will be a special event this year. The after-lunch presentation will be given
by former Olympic medalist and motivational speaker Bob Lewis, who will also be giving presentations
and demonstrations at the Winter Sports Expo.
In the afternoon, there will be breakout sessions covering many topics, including employee motivation,
sales techniques, fall and winter marketing plans and goals, and strategies to increase local sales using
the Internet.
Winter Sports Expo
This year’s Winter Sports Expo will run from Friday afternoon (September 23) through Sunday evening
(September 25).
The Expo will include speakers, product demonstrations, vendor exhibits, and workshops. Experts will be
available to answer visitor questions on snowboarding, downhill and cross-country skiing, ice skating, ice
climbing, snowmobiling, and snowshoeing There will also be a new interactive display where visitors can
find the best locations for a wide variety of winter sport activities.
Front Range Action Sports personnel will be assigned to work approximately half of the hours that the
Expo is open and will also be involved in preparations before the event opens. A schedule will be posted
on the company Web site, and all attendees will receive a detailed schedule approximately two weeks
before the event.
Walter Johnson
Irene Shviktar
Marketing
June 5, 2016
The Evolution of Ski Technology
The use of skis probably began near the end of the last ice age, approximately 10,000 years ago.
Remnants of the earliest skis discovered by archaeologists—found in a bog in Russia—date back about
8,000 years, and were made of wood. Skis have also been depicted in cave drawings in Norway and
Russia. The earliest of these drawings, which clearly depict skiers on two skis and using ski poles, date
back between 3,500 and 4,000 years. These early skis were made of single pieces of wood, and tended
to be flat, short, wide, and heavy. Wood skis continued to be made this way well into the 19th century,
when technological improvements changed the shape of skis, the materials used to make skis, and the
fasteners used to laminate dissimilar materials.
The first major improvement in the technology of ski construction took place in Norway around
1850. According to the International Skiing History Association, the use of a camber, or bow, in the
middle of the ski enabled the skier to ski more easily. This design also enabled ski makers to create skis
that were much thinner, narrower, longer, and lighter. This enabled the skier to expend less energy
while skiing, and also enabled the skier to move faster and maneuver better.
The next major improvements in ski technology occurred near the end of the 19th century. First,
modern tools enabled ski makers to make skis out of hickory, a very hard and durable wood, but wood
that was very difficult to work with using standard hand tools. Then, the first laminated skis were
introduced, making the skis stronger, lighter, and much less expensive because a cheaper wood such as
spruce or basswood could take the place of much costlier hickory or ash.
The first serious use of metal in skis began in the 1920s. Steel edges were added to wooden skis
to make the skis grip better while retaining the flexibility of wood. Also in the 1920s and 1930s, the first
solid aluminum skis were designed and produced.
In the 1940s and 1950s, developments in airplane technology led to improvements in ski
technology. Aluminum skis, which had experienced many problems, were refined and improved, and
plastic became increasingly important in skis made of multiple materials, including wood, steel, and
reinforced fiberglass.
Fiberglass skis were perfected in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and by the end of the 1960s,
fiberglass had overtaken both wood and aluminum as the most popular ski material. Another major
improvement in ski technology resulted from the design of better fastener technology, and the
development of far more effective glues for laminated skis.
In the past two decades, improvements in fiberglass technology—and the addition of other
materials to the fiberglass—have resulted in incremental improvements in skis. The use of polyethylene,
carbon fiber, and even steel have also resulted in improvement in the flexibility and durability of
modern skis. (Lund, n.d.)
Works Cited
Winter Sports Expo
Friday, September 23, 1 p.m. to 9 p.m.
Saturday, September 24, 10 a.m. to 9 p.m.
Sunday, September 25, 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.
Once again, Front Range Action Sports presents the Winter Sports Expo at the Rocky Mountain
Convention Center. This yearly event brings together winter sports experts, sports equipment vendors,
and winter sports enthusiasts from all over the country.
Workshops and how-to sessions will be presented throughout the weekend on topics such as:
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Downhill skiing
Cross-country skiing
Snowboarding
Snowshoeing
Snowmobiling
Ice skating
Ice climbing
Many of the vendors will be offering significant discounts on products, and Front Range Action Sports
will be giving away discount coupons for store and online purchases. There will also be hourly drawings
for door prizes.
As a special feature at this year’s Expo, Olympic skiing medalist Bob Lewis will give a presentation on skirelated topics, including a fascinating history of the development of ski technology. This presentation
will be repeated several times, and you won’t want to miss it!
Grader – Instructions
Word 2019 Project
Word_Intro_Cap1_National_Sales_Meeting
Project Description:
In this project, you will apply skills you practiced from the Objectives in Word Chapters 1-3. You will assist Irene Shviktar, the
Vice President of Marketing, to edit and create documents for a National Sales Meeting that will precede a Winter Sports Expo
sponsored by Front Range Action Sports. The documents include a cover letter from the vice president to the company
president. The letter will accompany a packet of materials for the meeting and the expo, which includes a brief resume for the
guest speaker, a flyer that will announce the expo, a newsletter for employees, and a research paper on the history and
development of skis.
Steps to Perform:
Step
Instructions
Points
Possible
1
Open the Word document Student_Word_Cap1_National_Sales_Meeting.docx downloaded
with this Project. Be sure that the rulers and formatting marks display.
0
2
On the letter on Page 1, select the first paragraph—Front Range Action Sports—and increase
the Font Size to 28 pt. Change the Font Size of the next four paragraphs—the address lines
and website—to 12 pt.
2
3
Select the first five paragraph lines that you just formatted, change the Font to Arial, and then
with the text selected, display the Borders and Shading dialog box. Create a 6 pt, Automaticcolored border on the left side of the selected text.
3
In the paragraph that begins If you have any, select the second sentence and move it to the
beginning of the paragraph. Adjust spacing as necessary so that there are no extra blank
spaces at the end of the paragraph.
4
On Page 2, in the newsletter, select the second paragraph of text, which begins with
Employee Newsletter. Display the Borders and Shading dialog box, and then add an
Automatic-colored, 3 pt line below the paragraph.
3
5
Starting with the paragraph that begins National Sales Meeting, select all of the text from that
point to the end of the page, including the paragraph mark after the word event. Do not select
the Page Break. Change the Spacing After to 6 pt, format the text in two columns, and apply
the Justify alignment.
3
6
At the top of the first column, select the paragraph National Sales Meeting. From the Font
dialog box, change the Font Size to 20, apply Bold, and add the Small caps effect. Then
Center the paragraph. Apply the same formatting to the paragraph Winter Sports Expo.
5
7
On the same page, in the blank line above the last paragraph of the newsletter, insert the
picture from your downloaded files wCap1_Powder_Skiing.jpg. If necessary, set the Width of
the picture to 3″ and apply a 10 pt Soft Edges effect.
4
8
In the blank paragraph at the top of Page 3, insert a 2×3 table. In the first cell of the table, type
the following four lines, pressing ENTER after each line:
4
Robert Lewis
1227 Aspen Lake Trail
Vail, CO 81657
www.boblewisskis.com
9
In the second row of the table, in the first cell, type CAREER HIGHLIGHTS and then press
TAB. In the second cell of the second row, insert the text from the downloaded file
wCap1_Career_Text.docx and then press BACKSPACE to remove the blank line at the
bottom of the inserted text.
Created On: 09/30/2019
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GO19_WD_INTRO_GRADER_CAP1 – National Sales Meeting 1.1
Grader – Instructions
Step
Word 2019 Project
Instructions
Points
Possible
10
In the third row of the table, in the first cell, type EDUCATION and then in the cell to the right,
type Mr. Lewis’ educational information as follows, pressing ENTER after each line:
University of Colorado
Ph.D. in Psychology
University of Colorado
M.S. in Psychology
University of Minnesota
B.S. in Psychology
4
11
Insert a new row at the bottom of the table. In the first cell of the new row, type CONSULTANT
and then in the cell to the right, type the following, pressing ENTER after each line:
U.S. Junior Ski Team
U.S. National Ski Team
Special Olympics
4
12
Apply Bold to the headings CAREER HIGHLIGHTS, EDUCATION, and CONSULTANT. Drag
the vertical border between the two columns to the 1.5-inch mark on the horizontal ruler.
4
13
In the first row, merge the two cells, and then Center the text. Select Robert Lewis, increase
the Font Size to 24 pt, apply Bold, and then add 24 pt space Before the text. Select the web
address and add 18 pt space after the text.
6
14
Create a bulleted list, using solid round black bullets, for the items below SKIING and below
COACHING. Apply Bold to the name of each university, and then apply 12 pt spacing after to
the name of each college degree.
4
15
Select the table, and then remove all borders. From the Borders and Shading dialog box, add
a 3 pt solid border to the top of the table.
3
16
Near the top of Page 4, in the paragraph that begins The use of skis, in the third line, position
the insertion point to the right of the period following wood, and then insert the following
footnote: The oldest known ski and pole is more than 4,000 years old.
4
17
Modify the footnote style by changing the Font Size to 11 pt, add a First Line Indent of 0.5″,
and set Line spacing to 2.0 (double).
8
18
In the paragraph that begins The use of skis, position the insertion point to the left of the
period at the end of the paragraph. Using the MLA format, add the following Book citation:
Author: Huntford, Roland
Title: Two Planks and a Passion: The Dramatic History of Skiing
Year: 2008
City: New York
Publisher: Continuum Press
6
In the text, select the Huntford citation and add the page numbers 4-6
19
On Page 6, in the blank line below the Works Cited title, insert the built-in Bibliography. Select
the two references, change the line spacing to 2.0 and change the Spacing After to 0 pt.
Center the Bibliography title. After the bibliography is entered and formatted, delete the Works
Cited paragraph.
10
20
On Page 7, select the two paragraphs below the title that begin Friday and Saturday, and then
change the Spacing After to 0.
3
Created On: 09/30/2019
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GO19_WD_INTRO_GRADER_CAP1 – National Sales Meeting 1.1
Grader – Instructions
Step
Word 2019 Project
Points
Possible
Instructions
21
Select the three paragraphs below the title—the dates—and then from the Borders and
Shading dialog box, apply a Box border using theme color Blue, Accent 1 (fifth column, first
color) and a 3 pt border. Click the Shading tab, and add Shading using theme color Blue,
Accent 1, Lighter 80% (fifth column, second color).
5
22
Click after the colon at the end of the line that precedes the bulleted list. Insert the downloaded
picture wCap1_Downhill_Skiing.jpg. Change the Height of the picture to 3.5″, and then set the
wrapping to Square.
5
23
Position the picture so that the Horizontal Alignment is set to Right relative to Column and the
Vertical Alignment is set to Top relative to Line. Apply a Picture Style using the Soft Edge
Rectangle.
5
24
At the bottom of the flyer, click in the second blank paragraph below the last paragraph of text.
Insert a Basic Process SmartArt (first style under Process). Click the outer rectangle
surrounding the SmartArt to select it, and if necessary, change the wrapping style to In Line
with Text. On the Format tab, set the Height of the SmartArt graphic to 1″ and the Width to
6.5″. Add the following text, in order, to the three shapes:
Exhibits
Speakers
Workshops
3
To the SmartArt graphic, apply the 3-D Polished style.
25
Save and close the file, and then submit for grading.
0
Total Points
Created On: 09/30/2019
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100
GO19_WD_INTRO_GRADER_CAP1 – National Sales Meeting 1.1
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