The Process of Consolidation of Memories Worksheet

Indicate the correct order of the following statements to show the process of consolidation of
memories via Long Term Potentiation. This means the letter of the first step in the process will
be placed in box 1 and the letter of the second step will go in box 2, etc.
1.
A. Increased amounts of glutamate are released, even in the absence of action
potentialS, and long-term potentiation is maintained.
2.
B. High frequency stimulation of the CA1 neurons from the Schaeffer collaterals of
the CA3 pyramidal neurons.
3.
C. AMPA receptors are recruited so there are now more receptors to be
activated.
4.
D. Stimulation of the perforant pathway in the Dentate gyrus of the
5.
hippocampus.
E. Sufficient amounts of Na+ enters through the non-specific AMPA receptor that
Mg++ pops out of the NMDA receptor.
6.
F. Arginine is converted to Nitric oxide by Nitric oxide synthase.
7.
G. Nitric oxide activates guanylyl cyclase.
8.
H. Ca++ enters through the NMDA receptor.
9.
I. Guanylyl cyclase increases the rate of release of vesicles containing glutamate.
10.
J. Glutamate binds with NMDA and AMPA receptors on the CA1 neurons.
11.
K. AMPA receptors are phosphorylated and so they have increased conductivity
to positive ions.
12.
L. Stimulation of the CA3 pyramidal neurons results in the release of glutamate.
13.
M. Ca++ activates α- Ca++/calmodulin.
14.
N. Nitric oxide diffuses from the CA1 neurons back to the terminal buttons of the
CA3 neurons.
15.
O. Ca++ activates Nitric oxide synthase.
16.
P. α- Ca++/calmodulin activates α- CaMKII.