UoPX Life Sciences Workbook

Answer and fill in the question in the template document

Life Sciences Workbook
To accompany RPL portfolio for
Pg. Dip/MSc nursing programme.
Candidate Name
Click or tap here to enter text.
Candidate Course
Click or tap here to enter text.
Date of completion
Click or tap here to enter text.
1
Contents
Life Sciences Workbook ………………………………………………………. 1
The Body Compartments, Cells and Homeostasis …………………… 4
The Skin (Integumentary System), Wound Healing and
Temperature Regulation ………………………………………………………. 8
The Musculo Skeletal System …………………………………………….. 13
The Heart ………………………………………………………………………… 18
The Blood and Blood Vessels …………………………………………….. 21
The Respiratory System …………………………………………………….. 25
The Renal System, Fluid and Electrolytes …………………………….. 29
The Gastro Intestinal System ……………………………………………… 34
The Nervous System …………………………………………………………. 38
The Endocrine System ………………………………………………………. 41
The Reproductive System ………………………………………………….. 43
Learning Resources ………………………………………………………….. 45
2
Workbook on Body Systems
The aim of this workbook is to enable our Pg Dip / MSc nursing
applicants, who have been offered a place on the programme and
who have not studied a health/science related degree before, to
develop and enhance their knowledge of the structures and
systems of the body.
It is essential to have a good understanding of the anatomy and
physiology of the body prior to commencing your programme of
study as one of your modules will build upon this knowledge.
The completed workbook must be submitted with your RPL
portfolio as evidence that you have acquired this knowledge.
You may use any resources you wish to help you with its
completion and at the back of this workbook you will find a
recommended reading list.
3
The Body Compartments, Cells and
Homeostasis
1) Define the following terms:Cell
Cell is the smallest unit of life
Organ
Click or tap here to enter text.
System
Click or tap here to enter text.
Body compartments
2) Identify the location of the following organs in the body
cavities:
Spinal
cord
Click or tap here to enter text.
Lungs
Click or tap here to enter text.
Kidneys
Click or tap here to enter text.
Heart
Click or tap here to enter text.
Liver
Click or tap here to enter text.
Stomach
Click or tap here to enter text.
4
Cells
3) Insert the appropriate words in the blank spaces against
the correct description below:Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Centrioles
mitochondria
is where production of energy in the form of
ATP occurs
Centrioles
are found near the nucleus and are
involved in cell division
Ribosomes
is an intracellular factory that manufactures
protein
Golgi Apparatus
is the processing and packaging station for
the protein from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Nucleus
is essential for all cellular activities and
contains genetic materials
4)
Insert the following appropriate words in the blank
space against the correct description below:-
Osmosis
Active transport
Pinocytosis
Simple diffusion
Lysosomes
Click or tap here to enter
text.
Click or tap here to enter
text.
is the movement of water through a semi
permeable membrane from a region of low
solute
is the movement of solutes/gas through a
semi permeable membrane from a region
of higher solute/gas
5
Click or tap here to enter
text.
Click or tap here to enter
text.
Click or tap here to enter
text.
is a mechanism by which cell membrane
indents and actually engulf the substance
to be absorbed into the cell
requires energy derived from cellular
chemical reactions to move molecules or
ions against their concentration gradient
contains digestive enzymes which digest
bacteria and cellular debris
5) Which word fully describes the cell structure; please enter
your response in the spaces provided under each heading?
Cell structure
Location
Function
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Forms the external
boundary of cells
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Found in the
cytoplasm
Serves as a selectively
permeable membrane
which regulate material to
and from the cell
Contains digestive
enzymes
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Scattered
throughout the cells
Control release of energy
from food and forms ATP
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Found in all cells
Manufactures protein
Found in the
cytoplasm
Contains ribosomes and
is involved in protein
synthesis
6) Describe the structure of the cell membrane
Click or tap here to enter text.
7) Explain the function of the cell membrane
Click or tap here to enter text.
8) Explain briefly what occurs during osmosis
Click or tap here to enter text.
6
9) Explain how diffusion across the cell membrane occurs
Click or tap here to enter text.
Homeostasis
10)
What are ‘receptors’?
Click or tap here to enter text.
11) What are the receptors that detect body temperature
called?
Click or tap here to enter text.
12) The ‘pathway’ that conveys messages towards the control
centre is known as the Click or tap here to enter text.
pathway.
13) The ‘pathway’ that conveys messages away from the
control centre is known as the Click or tap here to enter text.
pathway.
14) What are ‘effectors’?
Click or tap here to enter text.
.
15) The 2 most important systems involved in regulation and
the maintenance of homeostasis are:
1
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
Click or tap here to enter text.
16) Explain how the body strives to maintain homeostasis.
Click or tap here to enter text.
7
The Skin (Integumentary System), Wound
Healing and Temperature Regulation
The Skin
1) Select the correct term with the definition given.
Stratum basale
Hypodermis
Stratum corneum
Papillary layer
Stratum granulosum
Epidermis (whole)
Stratum lucidum
Dermis (whole)
Term
Click or tap here to enter text.
Click or tap here to enter text.
Description
Layer of cells present only in thick skin
Layer containing all dead cells
Click or tap here to enter text.
Layer that sloughs off
Click or tap here to enter text.
Contains the blood vessels
Click or tap here to enter text.
Click or tap here to enter text.
Epidermal layer undergoing mitosis (cell
division)
Cells with most keratin in them
Click or tap here to enter text.
Outer layer of skin
Click or tap here to enter text.
Deeper layer of skin
Click or tap here to enter text.
Click or tap here to enter text.
Layer where accessory structures are
found
Epidermal layer where most melanocytes
are found
Layer that produces lipid rich secretion
Click or tap here to enter text.
Epidermal layer containing the oldest cells
Click or tap here to enter text.
Largely adipose tissue and anchors skin
to underlying tissue
Click or tap here to enter text.
8
2) Name the 5 layers of the epidermis starting with the
innermost layer
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
4
Click or tap here to enter text.
5
Click or tap here to enter text.
3) For the protective functions of skin, match the term
given with the definition of the role each part plays in
providing protection. Choose an answer from the
following:
Melanin, Sweat, Normal flora, Skin, Macrophages,
Lipids, Langerhans cells, Keratin
Answer
Click or tap
here to enter
text.
Click or tap
here to enter
text.
Click or tap
here to enter
text.
Click or tap
here to enter
text.
Description
Involved in the sensation of touch
Resist invasion by organisms by preventing harmful
bacteria from colonising
Prevent some evaporation on skin, protects hair and
skin from drying out, antibacterial due to low pH
Protects from UV light
9
Click or tap
Increases heat loss
here to enter
text.
Click or tap
Forms a protective barrier and protects underlying
here to enter tissues
text.
Click or tap
Phagocytose bacteria and viruses
here to enter
text.
Click or tap
A tough fibrous protein
here to enter
text.
4) What is an exocrine gland?
Click or tap here to enter text.
5) List some of the structures found in the dermis
Click or tap here to enter text.
6) List the cells found in the epidermis and briefly describe
their function
Click or tap here to enter text.
Wound healing
7) If the epidermis is damaged during injury, which layer of
the epidermis enables new cells to grow?
Click or tap here to enter text.
8) Name the cells found in the skin that protect the skin from
pathogenic organisms
Click or tap here to enter text.
10
9) State what happens during each stage of wound healing.
Inflammation
Click or tap here to enter text.
Regeneration
Click or tap here to enter text.
Maturation
Click or tap here to enter text.
Homeostatic control of temperature
10) Using the key choices, select the terms that match the
following descriptions pertaining to body temperature
regulation.
Key choices
Hypothermia, Hyperthermia, Heat, Sensory (afferent pathway),
Thermoreceptors, Blood, Hypothalamus, Sweating, Shivering,
Temperature control centre, Motor (efferent pathway),
Vasoconstriction, Vasodilation
Answer
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Description
Produced as a result of cell metabolism
Thermoregulatory centre
Medium that distributes heat to all the tissues
and carries it to the skin
Site of the body’s temperature control centre
Nerves that carry information about
temperature to the hypothalamus (control
centre)
Nerves convey impulses away from the control
centre and activate the effectors
Means of liberating excess body heat
Extremely low body temperature
11
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Extremely high body temperature
Receptors that detect temperature
Generates heat when temperature falls too low
Increases blood flow to the skin
Reduces blood flow to the skin
12
The Musculo Skeletal System
1) How many bones does the adult human body have?
Click or tap here to enter text.
2) Name 3 substances that bone contains when fully
developed
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
3) Name, and give examples of the four main types (shapes)
of bone
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
4
Click or tap here to enter text.
4) State the main function of a:
i) ligament
Click or tap here to enter text.
ii) tendon
Click or tap here to enter text.
13
5) List the main functions of the skeleton
Click or tap here to enter text.
6) What are the two types of bone tissue?
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
7) What are the functions of:
i)
Osteoblasts
Click or tap here to enter text.
ii)
Osteoclasts
Click or tap here to enter text.
8) Name the 5 main regions of the vertebral column and state
how many vertebrae there are in each region
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
4
Click or tap here to enter text.
5
Click or tap here to enter text.
14
Joints, Tendons and Ligaments
9) Name the three types of joint
Click or tap here to enter text.
10) Give two examples of where in the body each of the
three types of joint can be found
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
11)
What type of joint allows most movement?
Click or tap here to enter text.
12)
What type of joint does not allow movement?
Click or tap here to enter text.
13)
What attaches muscle to bone?
Click or tap here to enter text.
14)
Outline the function(s) of ‘tendons’
Click or tap here to enter text.
15)
Outline the function(s) of ‘ligaments’
Click or tap here to enter text.
15
Muscles
16) Complete the following table, identifying the type of
muscle
Type of muscle
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Click or tap here to
enter text.
Description
Is under the control of the will (voluntary)
Moves substances such as food through the
gastrointestinal tract
Enables movement and ability to hold the
body upright
Is activated by a specialised conducting
system in the heart
Causes blood vessels to constrict
Has short branching fibres
2 types of muscle not under the control of
the will (involuntary)
17) The 3 types of muscle tissues exhibit certain similarities
and differences. Tick the appropriate one in the following
table to indicate the specific characteristic of each muscle
type
Voluntary controlled
Involuntary
Controlled
Single nucleus in
each cell
Found attached to
bone
Allows the
movement of your
eyeball
Found in walls of
stomach uterus and
arteries
Skeletal
☐
Cardiac
☐
Smooth
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
16
Contain cylindrical
cells with branching
end
Concerned with
locomotion of the
body
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
17
The Heart
1) The site in the thoracic cavity that the heart occupies is
called Click or tap here to enter text.
2) The structure that separates the right side of the heart from
the left side is called the Click or tap here to enter text.
3) Oxygenated blood found is found on which side of the
heart?
Click or tap here to enter text.
4) Name the tiny muscle that anchors the chordae tendinae to
the inner wall of the heart.
Click or tap here to enter text.
5) What are Chordae Tendinae and what are their functions?
Click or tap here to enter text.
6) Explain the reason why the atria has thinner muscle
compared to that of the ventricles
Click or tap here to enter text.
7) Describe the function of the conducting system in the
heart.
Click or tap here to enter text.
18
8) Explain why one chamber of the heart has a much thicker
muscle wall compared to other chambers and give a
reason for this difference.
Click or tap here to enter text.
9) Describe the flow of blood through the heart starting from
the right atrium, ending with the left ventricle. (Name the
chambers, valves and blood vessels that enter and leave
each chamber).
Click or tap here to enter text.
10) Name the 3 layers of the heart and explain each of their
functions
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
11) Describe pulmonary circulation; where does it start and
where does it finish (name the blood vessels, heart
chambers and heart valves)?
Click or tap here to enter text.
12) Name the blood vessel(s) that carry blood away from the
left ventricle
Click or tap here to enter text.
13) Name the blood vessel(s) that carry blood away from the
right ventricle
Click or tap here to enter text.
19
14) Name the blood vessel(s) that carry blood into the left
atrium
Click or tap here to enter text.
15) Name the blood vessel(s) that carry blood into the right
atrium.
Click or tap here to enter text.
16) Name the parts of the conducting system numbered 1-5
on the diagram below
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
4
Click or tap here to enter text.
5
Click or tap here to enter text.
20
The Blood and Blood Vessels
1) Match the description with the relevant term below:Tunica externa
Tunica media
Tunica intima
Term
Description
Click or tap here to enter text.
single thin layer of endothelium
Click or tap here to enter text.
bulky middle coat, containing
smooth muscle and elastin
Click or tap here to enter text.
anchors blood vessels to
surrounding structures
Click or tap here to enter text.
the innermost layer
Click or tap here to enter text.
also called the adventitia
Click or tap here to enter text.
which is in contact with blood in the
lumen
Click or tap here to enter text.
a supporting and protecting coat
2)Define the term ‘vein’
Click or tap here to enter text.
3)Define the term ’artery’
Click or tap here to enter text.
4)Define the term ‘ capillary’
Click or tap here to enter text.
21
5) Artery walls have three layers; name these layers
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
6) Vein walls have three layers; name these layers
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
7) Insert the appropriate words/letter against the description
below:Cardiac output, Blood pressure, Korotkoff sounds, pressure
points, diastolic blood pressure, Systolic blood pressure,
pulse
Term
Description
Click or tap here to enter text.
an expansion and recoil of an artery
following a heart beat
Click or tap here to enter text.
pressure exerted by blood against
the blood vessel wall.
Click or tap here to enter text.
maximum blood pressure following
left ventricular contraction
Click or tap here to enter text.
minimum blood pressure following
cardiac relaxation.
22
Click or tap here to enter text.
point at body surfaces where a
pulse may be felt
Click or tap here to enter text.
the sounds heard over an artery
when blood pressure is determined
by the auscultation.
Click or tap here to enter text.
one of the factors contributing to the
maintenance of blood pressure.
8) List the characteristics of blood
Click or tap here to enter text.
9) Name the two main components in whole blood and the
percentage of each one
Click or tap here to enter text.
10) List the functions of a red blood cell.
Click or tap here to enter text.
11) What is the blood volume of an average size adult?
Click or tap here to enter text.
12) List the main blood groups.
Click or tap here to enter text.
13) Which cells are more numerous in the blood?
Click or tap here to enter text.
14) What is/are the general function(s) of white blood cells?
Click or tap here to enter text.
23
15) What is/are the general function(s) of red blood cells?
Click or tap here to enter text.
16) Describe the formation, structure, shape and life span of a
red blood cell
Click or tap here to enter text.
24
The Respiratory System
1) In the correct order, list the structures that air passes
through before it reaches the lungs.
Click or tap here to enter text.
2) List the structures that help to change the characteristic of
inspired air before it reaches the lungs.
Click or tap here to enter text.
3) Explain the changes that occur to the characteristics of
inspired air before it enters the lungs
Click or tap here to enter text.
4) List the structures that air passes through as it passes
from the trachea to the alveoli
Click or tap here to enter text.
5) Where are the cilia found in the respiratory tract?
Click or tap here to enter text.
6) Explain the functions of the:
Cillia
Click or tap here to enter text.
Goblet
cells
Click or tap here to enter text.
Mucus
Click or tap here to enter text.
25
7) What is an alveolus?
Click or tap here to enter text.
8) What is the ‘respiratory membrane’?
Click or tap here to enter text.
9) How many cells thick are capillary walls?
Click or tap here to enter text.
10)
What type of cells form the walls of the capillary?
Click or tap here to enter text.
11)
What type of cells form the walls of the alveolus?
Click or tap here to enter text.
12)
How many cells thick are alveoli walls?
Click or tap here to enter text.
13)
Explain the changes that occur to the chest cavity
during
Inspiration Click or tap here to enter text.
Expiration Click or tap here to enter text.
26
14) Explain the mechanism which causes air to move in and
out of the lungs (chest movement)
Click or tap here to enter text.
15) Describe the location and functions of the pleural
membrane.
Click or tap here to enter text.
16)
What is the function of pulmonary fluid?
Click or tap here to enter text.
17) Name the layers of the pleural membrane and state
where each layer is situated
Click or tap here to enter text.
18) Explain how the pleural membrane enables the lungs to
expand as the thoracic cavity expands
Click or tap here to enter text.
19) Explain how gases move across the respiratory
membrane
Click or tap here to enter text.
20) Explain how oxygen is transported in the blood stream
(give percentages)
Click or tap here to enter text.
27
21) Explain the thee ways by which carbon dioxide is
transported in the blood stream (give percentages)
Click or tap here to enter text.
22)
Describe diffusion
Click or tap here to enter text.
23) Explain why diffusion is important for the movement of
gases
Click or tap here to enter text.
28
The Renal System, Fluid and Electrolytes
1) Label the diagram below.
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
Click or tap here to enter text.
B
Click or tap here to enter text.
C
Click or tap here to enter text.
D
Click or tap here to enter text.
E
Click or tap here to enter text.
F
Click or tap here to enter text.
29
2) List the functions of the renal system
Click or tap here to enter text.
3) List the three processes by which urine is formed
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
4) Describe what occurs during each of the three process of
urine formation
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
5) List the contents of urine
Click or tap here to enter text.
6) List the parts of a nephron
Click or tap here to enter text.
7) What helps urine flow down the ureters?
Click or tap here to enter text.
8) Name the blood vessels that take blood to and away from
the glomerulus
Click or tap here to enter text.
30
9) What is the function of the bladder?
Click or tap here to enter text.
10) List the structures urine flows through after it leaves the
collecting duct until it leaves the body
Click or tap here to enter text.
11) Describe six different functions of the kidney
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
4
Click or tap here to enter text.
5
Click or tap here to enter text.
6
Click or tap here to enter text.
Fluid Balance
1) State the 3 ways by which we acquire water
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
2) How much should the average sized adult drink per day?
Click or tap here to enter text.
31
3) How much water do we lose per day?
Click or tap here to enter text.
4) State the 3 main ways fluid body fluid is lost (in health) and
state how much is lost by each way
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
5) Explain what electrolytes are
Click or tap here to enter text.
6) What are the 2 fluid compartments of the body?
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
7) Explain where each fluid compartment is located
Click or tap here to enter text.
8) What is a cation?
Click or tap here to enter text.
9) What is an anion?
Click or tap here to enter text.
32
10)
List some of the cations and anions found in the body
Click or tap here to enter text.
11) Which ion is involved in maintaining the ‘acid balance’
(pH)?
Click or tap here to enter text.
12)
What is the normal pH of blood?
Click or tap here to enter text.
33
The Gastro Intestinal System
1) What is an enzyme?
Click or tap here to enter text.
2) Name the enzyme in saliva that starts the breakdown of
carbohydrates.
Click or tap here to enter text.
3) Name the salivary glands and list their position in the
mouth
Click or tap here to enter text.
4) Name the constituents of saliva.
Click or tap here to enter text.
5) Define a sphincter
Click or tap here to enter text.
6) The Sphincter found between the stomach and the small
intestine is called:
Click or tap here to enter text.
34
7) Name the numbered structures in the diagram below:
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
4
Click or tap here to enter text.
5
Click or tap here to enter text.
6
Click or tap here to enter text.
7
Click or tap here to enter text.
35
8) What type of muscle contraction enables the movement of
food through the digestive tract?
Click or tap here to enter text.
9) Describe the following :The length of the
small intestine
Click or tap here to enter text.
The different
sections of the
small intestine
Click or tap here to enter text.
The functions of
the small
intestine.
Click or tap here to enter text.
10)
Describe the following: –
The length,
position and
different parts of
the large intestine
Click or tap here to enter text.
The functions of
the large intestine
Click or tap here to enter text.
11) Explain the chemical digestion of the following
foodstuffs. Name the enzymes, where they are released
from and how they break down each of the following:
(i)
Protein
Click or tap here to enter text.
36
(i)
Fats
Click or tap here to enter text.
(iii) Carbohydrates
Click or tap here to enter text.
13) Before each nutrient can be absorbed it is broken down
into its smallest component. What are the following
absorbed as:
Nutrient
Absorbed as:
Protein
Click or tap here to enter text.
Fats
Click or tap here to enter text.
Carbohydrates Click or tap here to enter text.
14)
Define the following terms :-
Ingestion
Click or tap here to enter text.
Digestion
Click or tap here to enter text.
Absorption
Click or tap here to enter text.
Excretion
Click or tap here to enter text.
15) Explain the processes that occur during the act of
defecation.
Click or tap here to enter text.
37
The Nervous System
1) Draw and label a typical neurone
2) Name the 2 parts that form the central nervous system?
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3) What are the functions of dendrites?
Click or tap here to enter text.
4) What are the functions of axons?
Click or tap here to enter text.
5) Explain the function(s) of sensory neurones
Click or tap here to enter text.
6) Explain the function(s) of motor neurones
Click or tap here to enter text.
38
7) What is a synapse?
Click or tap here to enter text.
8) What are neuro transmitters? Where are they released?
What are their functions?
Click or tap here to enter text.
9) Name the two branches of the autonomic nervous system.
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
10) What are the coverings of the brain and spinal cord
collectively known as.?
Click or tap here to enter text.
11)
What does CSF stand for and where is it produced?
Click or tap here to enter text.
12)
List the functions of CSF.
Click or tap here to enter text.
13)
The outer part of the brain is the Click or tap here to enter
text.
39
This is subdivided into 4 different lobes. These lobes have
the same names as the portion of the skull that covers that
lobe. The 4 different lobes are called:
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
4
Click or tap here to enter text.
14)
The functions of each lobe are:
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
4
Click or tap here to enter text.
15)
What is the function of the nervous system?
Click or tap here to enter text.
16) Describe the functional effects of the sympathetic
nervous system
Click or tap here to enter text.
17) Describe the functional effects of the parasympathetic
nervous system
Click or tap here to enter text.
40
The Endocrine System
1) Explain the difference between an endocrine and an
exocrine gland.
Click or tap here to enter text.
2) Give examples of some exocrine and endocrine glands.
Click or tap here to enter text.
3) What is a hormone?
Click or tap here to enter text.
4) Explain why hormones only influence specific cells and
tissues of the body.
Click or tap here to enter text.
5) Fill in the names of the hormones produced by the
following endocrine glands and briefly outline their action
Gland
Posterior
Pituitary
Anterior
Pituitary
Hormone
1
Name and Action
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
41
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
4
Click or tap here to enter text.
5
Click or tap here to enter text.
6
Click or tap here to enter text.
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
Parathyroid 1
Glands
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
The
Thyroid
Gland
Adrenal
Medulla
Adrenal
Cortex
Pancreas
42
The Reproductive System
1) Name the hormones released by the anterior pituitary that
act on the ovaries
Click or tap here to enter text.
2) On which day of the menstrual cycle is the mature egg
(ovum) released?
Click or tap here to enter text.
3) Into what area is the ovulated cell released?
Click or tap here to enter text.
4) Describe the structure and explain the function of Fimbriae
Click or tap here to enter text.
5) List the three layers of the uterus, starting with the outer
layer.
1
Click or tap here to enter text.
2
Click or tap here to enter text.
3
Click or tap here to enter text.
6) Explain how the ovum moves along the fallopian tube
Click or tap here to enter text.
7) Where does fertilization usually take place?
Click or tap here to enter text.
8) On what days of the menstrual cycle can fertilisation
occur? Explain why it can only occur on these days.
Click or tap here to enter text.
43
9) Which part of the uterus is broken down and lost during
menstruation?
Click or tap here to enter text.
10) Name the organ that delivers semen to the female
reproductive tract
Click or tap here to enter text.
11)
Name the site of sperm and testosterone production
Click or tap here to enter text.
12)
Name the external sac that houses the testes
Click or tap here to enter text.
13) Name the gland that surrounds the urethra at the base of
the bladder and produces a milky fluid
Click or tap here to enter text.
14) Approximately how much fluid is released per
ejaculation?
Click or tap here to enter text.
15) Approximately how many sperm are there in each 1ml of
ejaculatory fluid?
Click or tap here to enter text.
44
Learning Resources
Marieb, E.N. (2010) Essentials of Human Anatomy and
Physiology (10th Ed) Pearson, Benjamin Cummings San
Francisco.
McKissock, C. (2014) Great Ways to Learn Anatomy and
Physiology (2nd ed). Palgrave. London.
Tortora, G. & Derrickson, B. (2013) Essentials of Anatomy
and Physiology (9th Ed) John Wiley and sons, (Asia)
Thibodeau, G., Patton, K. (2013) The Human Body in Health
and Disease. (6th Ed) Mosby, Inc. USA.
Marieb, E.N., Hoehn, K. (2014) Human Anatomy and
Physiology (9th Ed) Pearson, Benjamin Cummings San
Francisco.
Tortora G.J., Derrickson B (2012) Principles of Anatomy and
Physiology: Organisation, Support and Movement and
Control Systems of the Human Body (13th Ed) John Wiley
45