Need a final powerpoint on the varroa destructor parasite affects on honey bees

I need a final powerpoint 8 page slide of my rough draft of the varroa destructor affects on honey bees. I have the rough draft already done and will attach that, I just need the sources that I have already sourced used and the information on some of the slides expanded where it says things like “talk about this more” and so on.

The Impact of the Varroa Destructor
Parasite on the Apis Mellifera Population
: Specifically with the Larvae
Emily Shoaff
Dr. Shepherd
ENTO 320: Honey Bee Biology
Texas A&M University
March 31, 2023
INTRODUCTION
–
Introducing the topic of the presentation: the impact of the Varroa Destructor
parasite on the Mellifera population, specifically with the larvae.
Talk about the importance of honeybees and their role as pollinators in our
ecosystem.
Provide background information on the Varroa Destructor parasite, such as its
origin, transmission, and lifecycle.
Mention the impact that the Varroa Destructor has had on honeybee
populations worldwide.
Conclude with the research question : How does the Varroa Destructor
parasite cause death and decline in Apis Mellifera population specifically with
the larvae?
Honeybee Biology and Varroa Destructor Parasite
–
Honeybees play a crucial role in pollinating a variety of crops, making them an essential part of agriculture.
Understanding their biology is important in protecting them from threats like the Varroa Destructor parasite
(Harwood & Dolezal, 2020).
Honeybees have a complex lifecycle that includes four distinct stages: the egg, the larva, the pupa, and the adult.
Each stage is critical in the development of the hive, and the brood is especially vulnerable to the Varroa
Destructor parasite.
The Varroa Destructor parasite is a significant threat to honeybees, and its impact can be devastating, especially
to the larvae stage.
The parasite can reduce the size of brood cells, which affects the development of honeybee larvae, and can also
decrease the lifespan of adult honeybees.
Varroa Destructor increases the likelihood of viral infections, which can result in the decline of entire honeybee
colonies.
It is crucial to understand the impact of this parasite to develop effective strategies to control its spread and
minimize its damage to honeybee populations.
Varroa Destructor Parasite and the Honeybee
Larvae
–
This slide will dive deeper into the specific impacts of the Varroa Destructor on honeybee
larvae.
First, it will provide more detailed information on how the parasite infects the larvae.
The slide will explain how Varroa Destructor reproduces in the brood cells of honeybee hives
and feeds on the hemolymph of developing larvae.
It will then discuss the various physiological changes that occur in the larvae as a result of
Varroa Destructor infestation.
These changes include reduced weight, delayed development, and reduced immune function
(Vilarem et al, 2021).
It will explain how the mites affect the growth and development of the larvae, including their
ability to pupate and emerge as adult honeybees.
Lastly, it will also mention the effects on the overall health of the honeybee population, as the
larvae are critical to the growth and survival of the hive.
Mechanisms of Varroa Destructor-Induced
Larval Mortality
–
Discuss the mechanisms of the Varroa Destructor-induced larval mortality,
including the direct parasite damage and viral transmission.
Provide specific examples of the types of damage caused by the Varroa
Destructor parasite, such as physical damage to the hemolymph loss.
The slide will talk about the various viruses that the Varroa Destructor parasite
can transmit, such as deformed wing virus and acute bee paralysis virus.
Effects of Varroa Destructor Infestation on
Colony Survival
–
Talk about the overall effects of Varroa Destructor infestation on colony
survival.
Talk about the impact that the Varroa Destructor has on the overall
productivity of the colony, including honey production and pollination services.
Discuss the various management strategies that beekeepers use to control
Varroa Destructor infestations, such as chemical treatments and genetic
selection (Floris et al., 2020; Jack & Ellis, 2021).
Significance of Varroa Destructor Research
–
Discuss the significance of research into Varroa Destructor infestations and
honeybee health.
Talk about the potential implications of honeybee decline on our ecosystem and
agricultural practices.
Provide some examples of ongoing research and potential solutions for Varroa
Destructor infestations, such as the use of RNA interference and natural
predators.
The study of Varroa Destructor infestations in honeybee populations is crucial
to develop sustainable control methods to ensure the long-term survival of
honeybees and the ecological systems they support (Noel, Conte, & Mondet,
2020).
Significance of Varroa Destructor Research
Continued…
–
The decline in honeybee populations due to Varroa Destructor infestations has
significant economic and ecological consequences.
Honeybees are responsible for pollinating many crops, contributing billions of
dollars to the global economy annually (Vilarem et al., 2021).
Therefore, a decline in honeybee populations can result in food shortages and
price increases.
Honeybees play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity by pollinating wild
plants.
The decline in honeybee populations can have adverse effects on ecosystems.
Conclusions
–
Varroa Destructor is a significant threat to honeybees and can cause death and
decline in the Apis Mellifera population, particularly the larvae.
The parasite feeds on the hemolymph of the larvae, which leads to the
weakening of the immune system and eventual death.
Various control methods are available to manage the Varroa mite infestation in
honeybee colonies, such as chemical treatments are the use of natural
predators.
A sustainable approach is necessary to ensure the long-term health of
honeybee populations.
Further research is needed to develop new control methods that do not harm
honeybees or other beneficial insects.
References
–
–
–
Floris, I., Pusceddu, M., & Satta, A (2020). How the Infestation Level of Varroa Destructor Affects the Distribution
Pattern of Multi-Infested Cells in Worker Brood of Apis Mellifera. Veterinary Sciences, 7(3).
Doi:10.3390/vetsci7030136
Harwood, G.P., & Dolezal, A. G. (2020). Pesticide-Virus Interactions in Honey Bees: Challenges and Opportunities
for Understanding Drivers of Bee Declines. Viruses, 12 (5). doi:10.3390/v12050566
Jack, C.J., & Ellis, J.D. (2021). Integrated Pest Management Control of Varroa Destructor (Acari: Varroidae), the
Most Damaging Pest of (Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) Colonies. Journal of Insect Science, 21(5).
doi:10.1093/jiesa/ieab058
Noel, A., Conte, Y., & Mondet, F. (2020). Varroa Destructor: how does it harm Apis mellifera honey bees and what
can be done about it? Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, 4(1), 45-57. doi:10.1042/ETLS20190125
Vilarem, C., Piou, V., Vogelweith, F., & Vetillard, A. (2021). Varroa Destructor from the Laboratory to the Field
Control, Biocontrol and IPM Perspectives-A Review. Insects, 12(9). doi:10.3390/insects12090800