Technology Project Part 2

Assignment #2
Technology Project pertinent to their practice environment
Part 2:
*8 to 10 pages, double spaced, APA format style
• Financial Proposal analysis (4 points)
• Alternative plan of actions (4 points)
• Proposed project plan to include: (8 points)
o Project activities
o Timeline
o Budget
o Evaluation Plan
• Executive Summary at end of project (4 points)Assignment #2
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
1
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Computerized Provider Order Entry Systems (CPOEs) in
Reducing Medication Errors in Healthcare Settings
Yanay Lara
Florida National University
January 21st, 2023
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
2
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Computerized Provider Order Entry Systems (CPOEs) in
Reducing Medication Errors in Healthcare Settings
Introduction
The health and security of the patients are the primary concerns during the process of
providing healthcare. Reducing some errors that can be avoided, such as medication mistakes,
will improve the health of the patients. To guarantee that preventable health problems are
addressed, various strategies have been tried. Technology use has been a focus of some
evidence-based therapies. The usage of healthcare technology has accelerated and grown within
the healthcare industry. They have simplified the healthcare delivery processes and eliminated
problems, such as drug mistakes. Telehealth, electronic health records, and automated physician
order input are three healthcare technologies Tanwar & Bhardwaj (2022) claim are being
employed for service delivery more and more (CPOEs). These innovations have been
demonstrated to raise positive patient outcomes, lower costs, and enhance the overall quality of
healthcare.
Telemedicine, for instance, allows healthcare professionals to remotely diagnose and treat
patients, which can improve access to care, especially in remote or underserved areas. Electronic
health information allows for easy and secure sharing of patient data between healthcare
providers, which can improve continuity of care and reduce medication errors. CPOEs, on the
other hand, allows for the electronic ordering of medications, lab tests, and other treatments. This
can reduce errors caused by handwriting or transcription mistakes and ensure that the right
medication is prescribed at the right dose and frequency. This study concentrates on the
technological project relevant to the practical environment. The initiative, in this instance,
focuses on the CPOEs’ function in resolving pharmaceutical mistakes in healthcare settings. The
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
3
objective of the project is to evaluate the effectiveness of CPOEs in reducing medication errors
and to identify any barriers or challenges to their implementation. The project will involve a
literature review, a survey of healthcare professionals, and an analysis of data from electronic
health records. Healthcare technology has played a significant role in addressing preventable
errors in healthcare delivery (Tigard, 2019). The increasing use of telemedicine, electronic health
information, and CPOEs has improved the quality of care, and improved patient satisfaction. The
project discussed in this paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CPOEs in reducing
medication errors and identify any challenges to their implementation. With the help of
technology, healthcare providers can continue to strive for the safety and well-being of their
patients.
Description of the Project
Medication errors are instances that should have been avoided but happened because the
patient was harmed or the medication was misused. These mistakes may occur during the
medication-use system’s prescription, dispensing, preparation, administration, and consuming
phases. The National Coordinating Council for Drug Error Reporting and Prevention states that
patients, consumers, and healthcare professionals can make medication errors. According to
studies, drug errors are a frequent problem in the healthcare system. Schifano et al. (2022), for
instance, reported more than 100,000 alleged pharmaceutical errors to the US Food and Drug
Administration each year. Serious repercussions of these mistakes may include life-threatening
circumstances, fatalities, hospitalizations, impairments, and congenital malformations.
Healthcare systems should put policies in place to lower the frequency of drug errors and
enhance patient safety.
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
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The chosen technology for this project is Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE).
CPOE is a procedure that enables medical providers to enter instructions for treating patients
using a computer (Rai et al., 2022). It acts as a tool for enabling healthcare professionals to use
computers to control medicinal orders. In order to avoid drug mistakes during the ordering and
dispensing process, this technology is combined with other systems, such as the clinical decision
support system (CDSS). Additionally, by minimizing the time and effort needed for ordering and
distributing pharmaceuticals, this technology can increase the effectiveness of the healthcare
system. It can also help to improve communication and coordination among healthcare providers
by providing real-time access to patient information.
The Rationale for the Topic Chosen
According to Senders (2018), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is actively
working to prevent medication errors by reviewing the names, labels, packaging, and design of
drugs before approving them for marketing purposes. The FDA is also responsible for
monitoring and assessing medication error reports after approval. If necessary, the FDA will
advise revising the proprietary name, labels, packaging, and design to ensure a reduction of
medication errors. Service users and professionals are expected to ensure that suitable procedures
are implemented at the facility or personal scale to deal with the issue of medication mistakes.
The security and welfare of the patients are the main concerns in the provision of healthcare.
Consequently, it is crucial to ensure that safe and effective methods are promoted to
guarantee that patients receive high-quality care. Due to the serious concerns about the adverse
effects of medication errors, technology has been chosen to decrease medication errors through
the deployment of CPOEs. Medication mistakes are a significant issue in healthcare since they
can result in serious injury, even death. By giving healthcare professionals immediate access to
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
5
patient data and decision-support tools, CPOE systems can reduce prescription errors (Corny et
al., 2020). Although essential evidence-based therapies and technology like CPOEs are readily
available, more realistic, implementation is still required. The requirement for additional
knowledge, abilities, and resources to assist the technology implementation process, such as the
CPOEs, also contributes to the gaps in adopting these technologies.
Moreover, the healthcare system is a complex entity, requiring a multifaceted approach to
tackle the challenge of medication errors. The adoption of CPOEs is just one part of the solution;
other efforts include education and training, implementation of best practices, and ongoing
monitoring and evaluation. The FDA works to prevent medication errors by reviewing drug
names, labeling, packaging, and design before approving a medication for marketing. They also
monitor and assess medication error reports after the medication is approved. If necessary, the
FDA will advise revising the proprietary name and other elements to reduce errors. Patients and
healthcare providers also have a role in preventing errors by implementing safety measures at the
facility or individual level. The FDA has chosen to focus on technology such as CPOEs to
address medication errors due to the significant harm they can cause (Amato, 2018). However,
there are often gaps in implementing these technologies due to a need for knowledge, skills, and
resources.
Many healthcare facilities need help to finance the adoption of new technology.
However, because of the deficiency of informaticists in some healthcare institutions, it is more
challenging for professionals to apply evidence-based interventions, which increases the
likelihood of adverse outcomes like mortality, congenital malformations, incarceration, and lifethreatening situations. The implementation of technology like CPOE can help reduce the number
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
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of reported medication errors during the prescription process, computerized information entry,
medication preparation, dispensation, and administration to patients.
Research Supported by The Evidence-Based Recent Literature.
Providers prioritize ensuring that patients receive proper healthcare and avoid
complications. Utilizing a Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) system, in conjunction
with a decision support system, is expected to provide various benefits. A study by Shahmoradi
et al. (2020) found that using a CPOE system with diabetic patients reduced documentation
errors and provided information on allergies, drug interactions, and potential side effects of
medications promptly. This can help reduce errors, improve physician efficiency, increase
patient satisfaction, and enhance the overall quality of healthcare services.
A study by Hayavi-haghighi et al. (2021) found that nurses believe that their role and the
use of Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems can impact medication errors. The
study employed a combination of descriptive and analytical techniques to investigate the
participants’ beliefs. The findings revealed that the participants believed that the actions of nurses
pertaining to medication errors have a direct impact on the safety and well-being of patients.
Additionally, the participants also believed that the utilization of computerized physician order
entry systems affects medication errors. This implies that the perception and attitude of nurses
towards medication errors plays a significant role in determining the healthcare outcomes and
safety of patients. It highlights the importance of nurses’ perceptions and the implementation of
IT systems in healthcare facilities to improve patient safety and overall healthcare outcomes.
Technology is playing an increasingly important role in the decision-making process of
healthcare providers, particularly in the use of Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE)
systems to support the successful implementation of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS).
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
7
A systematic review by Moghadam et al. (2021) found that using CDSS has positive outcomes,
such as being user-friendly, following clinical guidelines, and making it easier for patients and
providers to work together. The CDSS supports actions that involve integrating medical records,
pharmaceutical systems, and physician considerations and providing real-time alerts when
prescribing. This can improve the quality of care by reducing errors, increasing efficiency, and
providing more accurate and up-to-date information to healthcare providers. Furthermore, it can
also help in increasing patient satisfaction, as well as reducing overall healthcare costs. It is vital
for healthcare facilities to continuously evaluate the use of technology and its positive impact on
the care provided to patients.
Srinivasamurthy et al. (2021) found that implementing Computerized Provider Order
Entry (CPOE) systems is a strategy used to reduce medication errors. The study aimed to collect,
collate, and review research studies to evaluate the effects of CPOEs on the incidence of
chemotherapy-associated medication errors (CMEs). The study found a consistent decrease in
CMEs following the implementation of CPOEs, with the exception of one study that indicated an
increase in CMEs.
Alanazi’s (2020) conducted a study whose goal was to evaluate how the CPOEs affected
the mortality rates in inpatient pediatric and newborn care settings. The author searched all
English-language literature that seemed important to understanding how the CPOE affected the
mortality rate. The study’s findings demonstrate that CPOE can give physicians instructions.
The Institute of Medicine estimates that drug mistakes result in the loss of 7,000 lives
annually. One of the methods recommended to help with the problem of pharmaceutical errors is
the CPOE. To find published SRs from February 12, 2018, the author conducted a literature
search utilizing a database like Medline, Embase, CINAHL, or Cochrane. The effects of the
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
8
CPOE application for drug orders were the main focus of the search for the SRs. According to
the combined research from the SRs, using the CPOE results in a statistically significant
decrease in medication mistakes and unfavorable occurrences.
Project Clinical Goals and Objectives
The explicit goal of obtaining a decrease in prevalence incidence of medication errors
after the innovation has been installed serves as a yardstick for how well this initiative has done
in that regard. Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) technology is used in the intervention
that has been selected to accomplish this goal. Implementing this research-based strategy is
anticipated to contribute to a decrease in drug mistakes, a significant issue in the healthcare
industry. Other goals also influence how this initiative is carried out, in addition to lowering
prescription errors. These include enhancements to the standard of care and safety of patients, a
decline in the number of hospital stays brought on by avoidable pharmaceutical errors, a drop in
the price of healthcare due to errors, and a rise in patient and provider satisfaction. All these
goals are anticipated to benefit from CPOE technology, which gives healthcare professionals
immediate access to patient data and decision-support tools. This will enable medical
professionals to make wise choices and raise the standard of patient care as a whole.
Market Or Financial Project Analysis
Healthcare providers work hard every day to keep patients safe, but patient safety errors
can have a significant impact on the financial stability of the organization. Like any other
business, healthcare facilities need revenue to survive. When they lose money through fines,
lawsuits, and patients leaving, it can put the facility’s ability to remain profitable at risk. Without
enough revenue, it becomes difficult to hire enough staff and provide high-quality healthcare,
which can lead to management problems. Each year in the United States, around 100,000 people
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
9
die due to medical mistakes (White ET AL., 2020). This causes tragic loss of life and incurs a
cost of $20 billion for the country. When a facility does not handle medication errors, it can harm
patients, decrease nurse satisfaction and harm the facility’s reputation. This can also reduce
reimbursement from organizations such as insurance companies, causing a financial loss for the
facility.
However, addressing these errors through the proposed project will increase the facility’s
income. By reducing medication errors, patient safety and healthcare quality will improve. This
will attract more patients seeking services, which will, in turn, generate more income for the
facility. The facility will also receive a higher rating for reimbursement based on the caliber of
the services provided. In the region or nation in question, this will increase the hospital’s level of
competition, making it more marketable in terms of patients seeking medical care there. This can
be accomplished by concentrating the suggested development’s efforts on putting stringent rules
and processes in place to ensure minimal health problems. This could include implementing
barcode scanning systems, electronic prescribing, and computerized provider order entry (CPOE)
systems. These systems will help improve medication administration’s safety and accuracy and
reduce the risk of errors. In addition, regular training and education programs should be offered
to staff to keep them updated on the latest best practices in medication management. It is
essential for healthcare facilities to realize that addressing medication errors is not only an ethical
responsibility but also an economic one. By improving patient safety and reducing medication
errors, facilities can attract more patients, improve their reputation, and increase their
reimbursement rates. This can ultimately lead to better financial performance for the facility and
improved patient healthcare.
Plan For Evaluation
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
10
The project’s success is of utmost importance and must be closely monitored to ensure it
is heading in the right direction. The evaluation process is crucial in this regard as it helps us
identify any areas of improvement and make necessary changes that can ultimately lead to the
achievement of the end outcome, reducing the number of reported medication errors. This will be
achieved by comparing the outcomes of putting the suggested evidence-based intervention into
practice to the baseline data in the assessment plan. In this instance, the final medication rate
findings will be compared to the information produced from the baseline data before
implementing the suggested intervention. This will make it easier for us to evaluate the
intervention’s success and spot any areas that still require development. Data on medication
administration errors at the designated facility will be gathered before the deployment process to
assess whether there has been a decrease in the number of reported medication administration
errors. This baseline information will act as a standard by which we can measure the
effectiveness of the intervention. Medication mistakes are predicted to decline significantly after
the introduction. The baseline data will be juxtaposed with the statistics on medical errors after
the CPOE’s performance to identify the areas that still need improvement to produce favorable
results.
In addition, we will conduct regular surveys and interviews with the staff to gather their
feedback on the implementation process and identify any challenges they may be facing. This
will help us address any issues promptly and ensure that the intervention is being implemented
effectively. Overall, the evaluation process is an ongoing and integral part of the project. It will
help us to ensure that we are on track to achieving our goal of reducing medication errors. By
closely monitoring the project’s progress and making necessary adjustments, we can ensure that
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
11
the proposed evidence-based intervention successfully reduces medication errors and improves
patient safety.
Plan For Alternative Assumptions and Strategies
The strategy for addressing the potential need for more knowledge about the use of
CPOE among healthcare providers and nurses is to implement an education program. This will
ensure that the implementation of CPOE becomes a regular procedure in preventing medication
errors. The program will involve ongoing training for providers, including nurses, especially new
ones, to equip them with the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively implement the
proposed evidence-based intervention aimed at reducing medication errors while caring for
patients.
How the project applies to the present healthcare system in terms of the issues about
healthcare access, quality, and cost with the inclusion of the MSN Essentials
The MSN essentials are crucial for enhancing healthcare outcomes and preventing health
issues (Luther et al., 2019). These essentials comprise four main areas, which include quality
improvement and safety, informatics and technology, interprofessional collaboration, and clinical
intervention. Quality improvement and safety are essential for nurses as they learn to use various
tools and performance measures, such as CPOEs, to ensure standard practice. Informatics and
healthcare technologies are crucial for nurses to understand as they aid in the delivery of
healthcare and improve communication and coordination. Interprofessional collaboration is vital
for the successful implementation of CPOEs, as it helps deal with challenges encountered during
the process. The clinical intervention focuses on preventing health issues and promoting health.
It can be achieved through various interventions such as CPOEs, which are used in resolving
practice issues such as medical errors. One specific project that is vital in enhancing the quality
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
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of healthcare services is adopting the CPOE system in managing diabetic patients (Almarhoon et
al., 2022). This system minimizes documentation errors and provides information on allergies,
medication interactions, and potential side effects. This leads to a reduction in medication errors,
increased physician effectiveness, and patient satisfaction.
Additionally, it reduces the risk of readmission and lowers healthcare costs. Furthermore,
it enables nurses to successfully implement safety improvement initiatives using CDSS during
medical administration, which provides instructions and helps prevent medication errors. Across
the board, the implementation of MSN essentials and the use of CPOEs in diabetes management
is a crucial step in improving population healthcare outcomes and preventing health issues.
Furthermore, the project confirms the ability of CPOE to improve client safety and
disorder management. It is also essential for nurses to address medication errors by using CPOE
as an evidence-based intervention. Overall, the implementation of CPOEs in healthcare services
can bring about significant improvements in the quality of care provided to individuals.
Conclusions
The incorporation of technology into the healthcare industry is bringing about undeniable
changes in the way medical services are delivered. Technological advancements have affected
several sectors internationally, and the department of healthcare is no exception. The use of
technology has promoted the delivery of better medical services and improved the safety and
security of patients’ data. Technology has also revolutionized the way that healthcare
professionals communicate with one another. Additionally crucial are the responsibilities that
technology plays in making healthcare decisions. The administration of medications is one area
that technology has focused on particularly. The implementation of technologies such as
Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems has been shown to reduce medication
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
13
errors significantly. CPOE systems are computer-based systems used to manage and process
medication orders. The system ensures that all medication orders are accurate and complete, thus
reducing the chances of medication errors.
Research has shown that the implementation of CPOE systems in healthcare institutions
has resulted in a significant reduction in medication errors. The system checks for possible drug
interactions, allergies, and dosage errors, thus reducing the chances of medication errors.
Additionally, the system enables healthcare providers to access patients’ medical records and
medication history, which helps in making informed decisions about medication. Ultimately, the
role played by technology in the healthcare industry must be addressed. The use of technology
has improved the delivery of medical services and has also ensured the safety and security of
patients’ data.
Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
14
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Running Head: EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTERIZED PROVIDER
ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
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ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS (CPOES) IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS IN
HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
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