Discussion

.Discussion/Case Study 1 – RBC…
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Case Study A
An 18-month-old male has been brought to the
emergency department with high fever, shortness of
breath, and cough. The chid had been healthy until he
was six months old. Since then, he has had four ear
infections. He has been on antibiotics for several
months because of the severity and recurrence of ear
infections. He was recently taken off antibiotics. The
boy’s blood culture reveals the presence
of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Immunologic testing
shows depressed levels of IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies
in the serum. Flow cytometry results indicate an
absence of circulating B lymphocytes.
(Adapted from case study by Gary Hammer, MD, PhD; Stephen J.
McPhee, MD; Yeong Kwok, MD)
1. What is the likely diagnosis for this patient and
why?
2. Why was the child generally healthy until 6
months of age?
Case Study B
Mr. Landon a 38-year-old male, who lives in the United
States was infected with SARS-CoV-2 in August of 2021
while working out-of-town within the continental USA.
His symptoms were fortunately mild, and he recovered
without any medical intervention at that location beforeDiscussion/Case Study 1 – RBC…
Z. why was the chira generally healthy until o
months of age?
Case Study B
Mr. Landon a 38-year-old male, who lives in the United
States was infected with SARS-CoV-2 in August of 2021
while working out-of-town within the continental USA.
His symptoms were fortunately mild, and he recovered
without any medical intervention at that location before
returning home to his family. He was unvaccinated for
Covid at the time. None of his family members were
exposed to Covid during his illness. Mr. and Mrs.
Landon got their Covid shots in early November along
with their 7-year-old son, Robert. Mrs. Landon does
daily Covid tests to go to work and has never tested
positive in 2021. In January of 2022 Robert developed
a runny nose and was sneezing a lot, and complained of
leg pains. A covid antigen test done with a home test
kit indicated that he was positive for Covid. Several
days later both Mr. and Mrs. Landon showed Covid
symptoms of body ache, headache, runny nose, and
also tested positive. They were all able to recover in a
few days with rest without any medical intervention.
1. Which is the likely covid variant that infected (a)
Mr. Landon in August 2021 and (b). the whole
family in January 2022?
2. How do you think a particular variant of the virus
becomes dominant over another and blocks the
spread of a previously dominant strain? (form your
answer in terms of the viral evolution as well as
the host immune response)
3. If a physician orders blood tests to detect
antibody titers for SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein,
membrane (M) protein, envelope( E) protein and
the nucleocapsid (N) protein, how do you think
the antibody titers for each will differ between
each of the following? (You do not need to includeDiscussion/Case Study 1 – RBC…
because he most likey stopped getting
breastfeed and a mothers breast milk contain
antibodies in which helped him for a while to
fight off his ear infections.
Reply
Manasi Roy
Sep 15, 2022 10:52 PM
Case Study A:
I think the likely diagnosis for this patient is
pneumococcal disease, because the
symptoms of this disease match the
symptoms that the patient is experiencing.
Individuals that have pneumococcal disease
experience fever, shortness of breath, and
cough all which fit the profile for the list of
symptoms experienced by the patient. The
people most at risk for pneumococcal disease
are children younger than the age of 2 and
adults over the age of 65. Seeing that the
patient is 18 months old, the child fits the
profile for the age factor. I think the patient was
generally healthy up until 6 months because he
probably wasn’t introduced to anything or
anyone outside his immediate family, I am
assuming that as the patient got older the
more he was exposed to the outside world and
that’s how he got pneumococcal disease. He
probably hasn’t gotten a vaccination for
pneumococcal disease either because there is
a vaccination to be protected against the
disease.
ReplyDiscussion/Case Study 1 – RBC…
Daniella Llanos
Sep 15, 2022 10:22 PM
I think this patient potienally has x-linked SCID
because the patient has lack of circulating
lymphocytes, which deficits important cytokine
receptors that are needed for maturation of
lymphocytes. This disorder of the immune
system is exclusive found in males and puts
them at risk for reoccurring infections. X-linked
SCID is found by low amount of IgG, IgM, and
IgA antibodies in the patient’s body. I think the
child started getting sick after six months
because he most likey stopped getting
breastfeed and a mothers breast milk contain
antibodies in which helped him for a while to
fight off his ear infections.
Reply
Manasi Roy
Sep 15, 2022 10:52 PM
Case Study A:
I think the likely diagnosis for this patient is
pneumococcal disease, because the
symptoms of this disease match the
symptoms that the patient is experiencing.
Individuals that have pneumococcal disease
experience fever, shortness of breath, and
cough all which fit the profile for the list of
symptoms experienced by the patient. The
people most at risk for pneumococcal disease
are children younger than the age of 2 and
adults over the age of 65. Seeing that the
patient is 18 months old, the child fits the
profile for the age factor. I think the patient was
generally healthy up until 6 months because he