Manchester Wk 7 Where Are the Dimmest Stars on The Diagram Astronomy Review

All questions answered on the attached worksheets.

Answer sheet for Astronomy Review Part A. Scroll down to see the worksheets. Use as
much room as you need to answer. Do not return the worksheets to me, just your
answers. 22 points
NAME:
Please note that there is only one “Star A” but it is seen at different positions from Earth
depending on the time of year.
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ASTRONOMY REVIEW Part B 32 points
1. Name the 5 layers of the sun starting with the innermost to the outermost. They must be
in the correct order.
(5pts)
2. Stars produce energy by _____ when nuclei of atoms combine.
3. Storms on and above the sun’s surface may form huge loops of gas called _______.
4. The temperature at the center of the sun is approximately _____.
5. The temperature on the surface of the sun is approximately ____.
6. Define sunspots. (2pts)
7. _____ from the sun emit charged particles that can interrupt radio communications and
cause aurorae.
Use the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram on page 499 to answer the following
questions.
8. Which 2 properties of a star are shown? (2 pts)
9. Where are the brightest stars on the diagram? (Give this answer in left/right and
top/bottom orientation)
10. Where are the dimmest stars on the diagram?
11. Astronomers have chosen a standard distance of 10 parsecs or ______ to calculate
absolute luminosities.
12. About 90% of all stars fall in a sinuous band on the Hertsprung-Russell diagram which
is called the _______.
Answer the following questions about stars.
13. A group of stars named for a particular figure or shape is called a ________.
14. What is apparent brightness? (2 pts)
15. What is absolute brightness? (2 pts)
16. As our sun uses up its core fuel it will first become a _____________.
17. The explosion of a star with an average mass will result in a ______.
18. Stars with a large mass explode to form ______.
19. Ultimately our Sun will shrink to form a _________.
20. The remnants of a supernova will form a tightly packed ball called a ______.
21. Some supernova remnants give of radio waves and are called ____.
22. A _____ is so called because no light escapes from it.
23. A _____ is a large volume of space containing many billions of stars held together by a
mutual gravitational attraction.
24. The hypothesis that the Universe will slow down and collapse upon itself and then
expand again to form a new Universe is called the ________ hypothesis.
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Fill in the table on page 2 and use the questions on page 3 as a guide to writing your report.
The table or something similar should be included in your report. 26 points
LAB TOPIC: MOON CRATER FORMATION
Scientists believe that many of the craters on the moon were formed by the impact of
meteorites. Rock particles resulting from the impact often settle to the surface in rays that spread
out from the crater. The size and appearance of a crater formed by a meteorite generally depend
on two factors, the size of the meteorite and its speed.
Problem
To predict the effect of an object’s mass on the formation and appearance of a crater.
Hypothesis
The greater the mass of an object, the larger the crater it will form.
Materials
Sand or flour
Yard stick
Ruler
3 objects of varying sizes
Shoe box
Procedure
1. Half fill the shoe box with sand or flour. Smooth the surface with the ruler. Drop the box
lightly on the table a few times from about a half inch above the table to pack down the
sand or flour.
2. Hold the yard stick so it is positioned vertically next to the shoe box with the zero end
resting on the table.
3. Using the yard stick as a guide, raise the smallest object to a height of 15 inches and drop
it into the shoe box containing the sand/flour.
4. Measure the depth of the crater and its diameter with the ruler. Record your observations
in the data table given.
5. Repeat the experiment with this same object 2 more times.
6. Repeat the entire experiment with a second, different object and record your results.
7. Repeat the entire experiment with a third, different object and record your results.
LAB TOPIC: Moon Crater Formation
Fill in the table with your results. These will be your observations.
Observations
Data Table
Trial
1 of object 1
2 of object 1
3 of object 1
1 of object 2
2 of object 2
3 of object 2
1 of object 3
2 of object 3
3 of object 3
Object
Depth of
crater
Diameter of
crater
LAB TOPIC: Moon Crater Formation
Answer the following questions in a paragraph form.
Analysis
Compare and contrast the depth of the craters formed by the 3 different objects.
Compare and contrast the diameters formed by the 3 different objects.
Explain why you think you had these results. How do size and weight affect the results?
What are “rays” of a crater? (Define what rays are in this context.) Which object caused the
most noticeable “rays” extending from the craters formed in your lab? Why do you suppose
this happened?
How do scientists use their observations to estimate the size of the objects that caused the
various craters on the moon? Have there been any noticeable changes in the moon’s craters
since we started our observations of the moon? Why or why not?