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2020/2/25Quiz: Exam 2, Part 1
Exam 2, Part 1
Started: Feb 25 at 2:48pm
Quiz Instructions
Covers materials from the lectures The Moon 1 and 2.
Question 1
1 pts
Which of the following phases of the Moon is most likely to be VISIBLE at 3 PM?
waning half
full moon
first quarter
new moon
Question 2
1 pts
Which of the following is NOT a phase of the Moon?
full moon
last quarter
waning half
waxing gibbous
Question 3
1 pts
Each day that a moon is waxing, it is moving farther away from the Sun.
True
False
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 1
Question 4
1 pts
The image below demonstrates how the Moon goes through different phases. Choose
the BEST description of how this happens.
When the Moon is closer to the Sun, it is easier to see from Earth.
The phases are caused by the shadow of the Earth.
The amount of the Moon lit by the Sun changes over time.
The phase of the Moon depends on the position of the Moon, Earth, and Sun.
Question 5
1 pts
In the image below, what time is it if the Moon phase is at third quarter and it is at its
highest point in the sky?
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 1
midnight
sunset
noon
sunrise
Question 6
1 pts
What is the phase of the Moon at position F?
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 1
third quarter
waxing gibbous
waning gibbous
first quarter
Question 7
1 pts
Using the image below, what phase of the Moon is farthest from the Sun in the sky?
full moon
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 1
waxing crescent
waxing gibbous
first quarter
Question 8
1 pts
What time is it if you see the Moon at the same phase and in the same position as the
image below?
sunrise
sunset
noon
midnight
Question 9
1 pts
What time is it if you see the Moon at the same phase and in the same position as the
image below?
sunrise
midnight
sunset
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 1
noon
Question 10
1 pts
The image below shows that the Moon is an example of ________________ rotation,
where the time it takes to complete one rotation is __________ the time it takes to
complete one orbit.
synchronous, longer than
synchronous, shorter than
synchronous, the same as
syncopated, the same as
Question 11
1 pts
Why is the force of gravity from the Moon on the Earth different depending on where you
are on the Earth, as in the picture below
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 1
?
The Moon has less mass than the Earth.
The force of gravity increases with distance.
The Earth has more mass than the Moon.
The force of gravity decreases with distance.
Question 12
1 pts
Water responds the most to the changes in gravity compared to the solid surface of the
Earth because water is liquid.
True
False
Question 13
1 pts
How does the Sun influence the tides that we experience on Earth?
The Sun is much too far away to any significant tides on our planet
The Sun’s tides depend on what season we are in, and are very different in winter than in summer
The Sun has a much greater mass than the Moon, so its tides on Earth are much larger than the
tides raised by the Moon
The Sun also raises tides on Earth, but its effect is smaller than that of the Moon
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 1
Question 14
1 pts
Over time, the Moon will move further from the Earth, and therefore total eclipses will
occur more often.
True
False
Question 15
1 pts
What phase of the Moon must it be to have a solar eclipse?
full moon
waxing gibboud
waning gibbous
new moon
Question 16
1 pts
What phase of the Moon must it be to have a lunar eclipse?
waning gibbous
waxing gibbous
full moon
new moon
Question 17
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1 pts
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 1
From a particular location on Earth, why can we see many more total eclipses of the
Moon than total eclipses of the Sun?
the line-up of the Earth, Moon, and Sun needed for a lunar eclipse happens many, many times
more often than the line-up needed for a solar eclipse
the Moon is much bigger in the sky than the Sun
the Moon is always in the same place in our sky, while the Sun moves around the sky
a total lunar eclipse is visible over a much larger part of the Earth’s surface than a total solar
eclipse
Question 18
1 pts
Which of the following statements about eclipses of the Sun is true?
When a total eclipse of the Sun is visible, it can be seen over half the Earth each time
The ancient Greeks and Romans could not see eclipses of the Sun, they are a modern sight that’s
only become visible to us recently
During a total eclipse of the Sun, the Sun moves into the Earth’s shadow
For a total eclipse of the Sun to happen, the Moon must get directly in front of the Sun, as seen
from Earth
Question 19
1 pts
Why does the Moon look reddish to us when there is a total lunar eclipse?
All the total eclipses of the Moon are annular eclipses, where a ring of moonlight still remains
around the Moon during the eclipse. This ring is red.
The Earth’s atmosphere bends different colors of light to a different degree. During a total lunar
eclipse, the red light of the Sun, filtering through the Earth’s atmosphere colors the Moon red
During a total eclipse of the Moon, we see the Sun’s faint corona, and because it is red, the Moon
looks red too
The red color is an optical illusion. Our eyes, used to seeing the full moon, have a “memory” of all
the light, and the red color is the one the lasts the longest
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 1
Question 20
1 pts
In the image below, assume that the blue sphere is the Moon. Which position does the
Earth have to be in for there to be an annular eclipse?
2
3
4
1
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 2
Exam 2, Part 2
Started: Feb 25 at 4:37pm
Quiz Instructions
Covers materials from the lectures Light and the Observing.
Question 1
1 pts
Which of the following statements about the nucleus of a typical atom is FALSE?
the nucleus contains both protons and neutrons
the nucleus repels the electrons which move around it
the nucleus contains most of the mass of the atom
the nucleus has an overall positive charge
Question 2
1 pts
How could you make an ordinary atom that is minding its own business into an
ion?
remove one or more electrons from the atom
send an electron from the ground state to an excited state
add more neutrons to its nucleus
have all the electrons in the atom drop down to the lowest available orbits
Question 3
1 pts
Which of the following statements about electromagnetic radiation is FALSE?
the radiation consists of tiny charged particles given off by the nuclei of atoms
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 2
it always spreads out at the speed of light
different waves of electromagnetic radiation differ in their wavelength or frequency
it is typically produced when charged particles oscillate
Question 4
1 pts
Which of the following has the highest frequency?
visible light
gamma rays
microwaves
infrared light
Question 5
1 pts
Which of the following statements about photons is FALSE?
a photon of visible light cannot pass through the atmosphere of the Earth, and thus
cannot be seen at the Earth’s surface
photons each carry a specific amount of energy
a gamma-ray photon carries more energy than a visible light photon
photons always travel at the speed of light in vacuum
Question 6
1 pts
Which of the following is NOT a type of electromagnetic wave with lower energy
than visible light waves?
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 2
radar waves
X-rays
the waves that carry AM or FM broadcasts
microwaves
Question 7
1 pts
You are alone in a large, completely dark auditorium on Earth. What kind of
telescope should someone use from the other side of the auditorium to detect the
electromagnetic radiation emitted by your body?
radio
X-ray
ultraviolet
infrared
Question 8
1 pts
Why is an absorption spectrum especially useful for astronomers?
It has bright lines in it which allow astronomers to determine how bright the star is
It shows that the stars are transparent; we can see right through them
It helped astronomers to understand the rainbows we see on Earth after storms
It has dark lines in it that allow astronomers to determine what elements are in the star
Question 9
1 pts
What happens as an electron falls from a higher level to a lower level in an atom?
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 2
another electron from the lower level takes its place
a photon is given off
a photon is absorbed
the color of the wave involved shifts to the red
Question 10
1 pts
When a star or galaxy is moving away from us, we observe the Doppler effect by
seeing the lines in its spectrum
red-shifted (shifted toward the red end of the light spectrum)
become darker and darker (like a blackbody)
blue-shifted (shifted toward the blue or violet end of the light spectrum)
yellow-shifted (shifted so all the colors become a little bit yellower)
Question 11
1 pts
Astronomical observatories have been available since ancient times, and many
cultures set aside special sites for astronomical observations. The thing modern
observatories have that was missing from these older observatories until about
1610 was __________________.
a dark site, where lights did not get in the way
telescopes
a method of keeping good records
a way of measuring from what general direction in the sky a beam of light was coming
Question 12
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1 pts
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 2
The most important function of an astronomical telescope is to ______________.
enhance the violet colors of an object, which our eyes have trouble seeing
pierce through the clouds so a cloudy night is not wasted
bring distant objects closer by pulling on the light
collect as much light as possible and bring it to a focus
Question 13
1 pts
The earliest telescopes used by astronomers were ____________________.
refractors
radio telescopes
reflectors
spacecraft
Question 14
1 pts
From an astronomical perspective, where would be the best location to put such a
telescope?
on the west coast of the U.S. very close to sea level (a location like Seattle, for example)
on a tall, dry mountain peak
in a dark spot right on the campus
close to a large city where there are many astronomers to use it
Question 15
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1 pts
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 2
At the largest and most modern astronomical observatories on Earth today, which
of the following regularly happens to the image formed by the telescope?
it is viewed by a group of graduate students who then make a sketch of it to have a
permanent record
it is recorded using an electronic detector called a CCD for later analysis
it is recorded on a piece of black & white film, which is then developed in a bath of
chemicals
it is reflected by a special arrangement of mirrors back into the beam and up into the sky
Question 16
1 pts
To break up light into the component colors that it contains, astronomers use a
device called ________________.
interferometer array
a telescope
a CCD
a spectrometer
Question 17
1 pts
Why is an image recorded with a CCD better for astronomers than an image
recorded on photographic film or plates?
CCD’s allow more accurate measurements of the brightness of each part of the image
CCD’s are more efficient; more of the light is recorded and not wasted
all of these answers are correct
CCD’s have digital output that can go directly to a computer
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 2
Question 18
1 pts
Which of the following is NOT an advantage that the Hubble Space Telescope has
over large telescopes on Earth?
the Hubble is above the Earth’s atmosphere, while on the ground star images twinkle and
jiggle
the Hubble has a better resolution than visible-light telescopes on Earth (not counting
adaptive optics)
the Hubble is larger than any visible-light telescope on Earth
the Hubble can observe at wavelengths (such as UV) which cannot be seen from the
ground
Question 19
1 pts
The SOFIA Project is ________________.
a balloon designed to fly above the ozone layer and search for ultraviolet radiation from
space
an airplane with an infra-red telescope on board designed to fly above much of the water
vapor in the Earth’s atmosphere
a NASA aircraft used only by Hollywood movie-makers to teach what it’s like in free fall
an x-ray telescope flying many kilometers up (so high that it had to be automated)
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 3
Exam 2, Part 3
Started: Feb 25 at 5:22pm
Quiz Instructions
Covers materials from the lectures The Solar System and Earth.
Question 1
1 pts
In the far future, a visiting tourist from another planetary system asks to see the
most massive object in our solar system. Where would you take him/her/it?
Halley’s comet
the Sun
the asteroid belt
Jupiter
Question 2
1 pts
All the planets (without exception) ______________.
orbit around the Sun in the same direction
have moons orbiting around them
have solid surfaces
have atmospheres much thicker than Earth’s
Question 3
1 pts
Which of the following ways that jovian (giant) planets differ from the terrestrial
planets is NOT CORRECT?
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 3
jovians are further from the Sun than terrestrials
jovians (being larger) rotate significantly more slowly than terrestrials
jovians have more mass than the terrestrials
jovians have rings while terrestrials do not
Question 4
1 pts
The smaller objects in the solar system made of rock and metal (most of which
orbit between Jupiter and Mars) are called ______________.
asteroids
satellites
comets
silicates
Question 5
1 pts
A planet in our solar system whose composition resembles that of our Sun is
_________.
Venus
Mercury
Jupiter
Pluto
Question 6
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1 pts
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 3
What is one way that astronomers have actually gotten an idea of the age of the
surfaces of terrestrial PLANETS other than the Earth?
counting craters
measuring the thickness of the atmosphere above each surface
bringing back samples and run radioactive dating tests
looking at the colors different surfaces show
Question 7
1 pts
On Earth, we can get the age of various parts of our planet by finding rocks that
contain radioactive atoms. Which other object do we have a good number of
rocks from to do this kind of age analysis?
Venus
Jupiter
the Moon
Mars
Question 8
1 pts
Radioactive dating techniques have revealed that our Earth and Moon are
approximately how old?
about 2 million years
about 6,000 years
about 100 million years
about 4.5 billion years
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 3
Question 9
1 pts
Our best evidence and theoretical calculations indicate that the solar system
began with a giant spinning system of gas and dust that scientists call
___________.
a planetesimal
a galaxy
the asteroid belt
a nebula
Question 10
1 pts
The inner planets are made mostly of rock and metal because _______________.
Jupiter’s large gravity immediately attracted all the lighter materials, and so there were
few light atoms left by the time the inner planets were ready to form
it was so hot where the inner planets formed that the lighter materials did not solidify
lighter materials cannot orbit the Sun; they would fall in immediately
the Sun is made mostly of rock and metal and the inner planets are closest to the Sun
Question 11
1 pts
An important way that scientists have been able to study the interior of the Earth is
by _______________.
there is no way we can study’s the Earth’s deep interior at the present time
measuring how seismic waves are transmitted through the Earth
studying the exterior, which is made of exactly the same material
using spacecraft that can detect strong radio waves coming from the center
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 3
Question 12
1 pts
Which part of the Earth has the greatest density?
mantle
core
continental crust
crust
Question 13
1 pts
Scientists now understand that the Earth consists of layers, with the densest
materials in the core. What allowed the differentiation of the Earth’s layers to
happen?
the early Earth must have been so hot it was like a liquid and heavier things sank to the
middle
this is an unsolved problem; scientists have no good ideas about this at all
continental drift and plate tectonics made this happen
a giant rock from space hit the Earth and made a huge hole almost to the center, through
which material could move
Question 14
1 pts
Any rock in the Earth’s crust that has cooled from an originally molten state is
called _____________.
igneous
metamorphic
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 3
sedimentary
silicate
Question 15
1 pts
What is the most common type of rock on Earth’s surface?
igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary
primitive
Question 16
1 pts
According to the theory of plate tectonics, ____________________.
the continents are moving but the ocean floor is not, leading to great friction
slow motions within the mantle of the Earth move large sections of the crust around
the rubbing of the waters of the Earth across its crust is speeding up its rotation
earthquakes are caused by huge waves that come up from inside the molten core of the
Earth
Question 17
1 pts
What kind of structure forms at a convergent plate boundary?
ocean
crater
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 3
subduction zone
mid-ocean ridge
Question 18
1 pts
Regions where the continents or the sea floor are pulling apart are called
___________.
mid-ocean ridges
convection zones
magnetospheric zones
subduction zones
Question 19
1 pts
A spot where magma rises to the surface can be seen as a ________________.
fault
continental plate
volcano
swamp
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 4
Exam 2, Part 4
Started: Feb 25 at 5:43pm
Quiz Instructions
Covers materials from the lecture The Moon and Mercury.
Question 1
1 pts
What is one important way in which both the Moon and Mercury are different from
Earth?
they are made mostly of frozen gases, not rock
they are both significantly larger than the Earth
they are both much further from the Sun’s heat than Earth is
they do not have an atmosphere
Question 2
1 pts
Which of the following statements about our Moon is FALSE?
on Earth, we can see all its sides in the course of a month as it goes around us
most of what we know about its geology is the result of the Apollo landings
its mass is less than that of the Earth
its average density is less than that of the Earth (it seems to have fewer heavy materials)
Question 3
1 pts
The large, roughly circular, dark, and somewhat younger regions on the Moon are
called _____________.
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 4
tectonic blobs
rilles
highlands
maria
Question 4
1 pts
These days the theory of the Earth’s Moon’s origin that best fits with the facts we
have about the Moon is ______________.
the Moon was formed elsewhere and was later captured by the Earth
a large object hit the Earth and the collision produced a mass of ejecta in space that
formed the Moon
the Moon was formed in the same area of space and at the same time as the Earth
the Moon came out of the Earth
Question 5
1 pts
Which of the following is a way that the planet Mercury is similar to the Moon?
the highest temperature on the two worlds is the same
it has a significant atmosphere
the time they take to spin once on their axis is the same
its surface is heavily cratered
Question 6
1 pts
Which of the following statements about Mercury’s orbit is TRUE?
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 4
Mercury has the highest speed in its orbit of any planet
Mercury takes 88 Earth years to orbit the Sun
Mercury is the most distant planet from the Sun
Mercury’s orbit is the closest to a perfect circle of any planet
Question 7
1 pts
The most recent models of the planet Mercury indicate that more than half the
planet’s mass may be composed of ____________.
the element mercury
metals
very light and porous rocks
water
Question 8
1 pts
Which of the following statements about temperature changes on Mercury is
correct?
it is always hot everywhere on Mercury, because the planet is so close to the Sun
the difference in temperature between Mercury’s daylight side and its night side is the
greatest difference of any planet in the solar system
it is always cold all over Mercury, because the planet has no significant atmosphere
we suspect Mercury must be warm, but we have not been able to measure any
temperatures on the planet with our instruments
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Quiz: Exam 2, Part 4
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