ANTH 130 Clarence Darrow and His Importance in the Field of Anthropology Presentation

Topics – Section I & Submission PageAll presentations should include the following:A Powerpoint or Google Images format and “saved” as a PDF and upload that, Due 11:59 pm Jan 8. After that date, you get a ZERO. Include LOTS AND LOTS of photos! They can be had at: “google images, basic version” HERE (Links to an external site.)Do NOT “research” by just typing your topic into google when researching the topic – insteadtype in, “Published Articles in Anthropology” or the like – THEN, at one of those websites, typein your topic. If you go straight from google you will get Wikipedia type simplification – NOTcurrent scientific information!

STUDENT PRESENTATION

1) you MUST include the commentary AS PART OF THE PRESENTATION (Just add comments listed “Card 1, Card 2, Card 3, etc. BETWEEN your presentation slides/cards) You can do this between slides, easily number of the slide being discussed. THIS MUST be included between slides, and be PART OF THE PRESENTATION you ignore these instructions and upload without commentary included IN ONE DOCUMENT you will lose 4 of the 10 points right off the bat)2) INCLUDE LOTS of photos! People LOVE photos. You cannot have “too many” photos. Photos can be found of ANYTHING at: Google Images HERE (Links to an external site.) You can use a FREE image capture software you can download from the internet. My preference is “Snagit” (though I hear it is no longer free now – there are plenty of free ones out there – just google “free image download software”4) You want to create MANY cells for your presentation ( cells are like pages or boxes.) 12 to 20 are a good, rough estimate, on average, but use many cards as you like. If the majority of your pages/cells/cards (whatever you want to call them ) are primarily photos ( and they should be! ) use more.5) Limit your TYPED message in the actual cells to 3 “Bullet Points” ( NOT sentences or worse, paragraphs! – you can use those in your personal dialog but NOT on your cards. You can elaborate on your bullet points verbally – DO NOT try to cram all the info into the bullet points! (If you do not present live, YOU MUST include your comments in the written dialog!) (This is one of the most common errors students make when they start) POINTS WILL BE DEDUCTED if you don’t do this.6) The first card MUST include A) The Topic AND B) Your first and last name…as in “by John Doe” USE FORMAL ENGLISH in an academic exercise! Not, “Hey, You Guys!” (Informal English)7) You must have an opening statement such as, “Hi everyone, I am John Doe and today I am going to talk to you about dominant and recessive genes.” (That’s it, easy peezy)8) The following cards should address your topic thoroughly, as though you were educating a group of students. Cover your topic. NOTE: You cannot merely go to google and type in your topic! DO NOT use Wikipedia! (OR any ENCYCLOPEDIA) In most cases, you need to go to google and type in PUBLISHED ARTICLES IN PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (or other appropriate SCIENTIFIC sources! (ie Biology) Otherwise, you get very mundane sources! (“Garbage in – Garbage out”) There are ALSO fantastic library resources connected via CANVAS! Including videos, etc. USE OF CURRENT, SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION will be part of your grade! Failure to follow these suggestions will result in point deductions!9) The 2nd to last card MUST include a “closing statement” – make a smooth transition from presenting to ending – like, “I found this topic fascinating and I hope I have conveyed the information such that you, too, have a deeper understanding and found it as interesting as I.” (Something simple that transitions from giving information to making it clear you are now wrapping it up….NOT, “And that’s all I have” or “The end” – a closing statement. MANY students blow this element and it is EASY if you just give it a little thought to come up with a single sentence! (10% of your grade!)10) The very last card should include your list of references: You MUST have AT LEAST 3 references besides the text, my notes, Wikipedia and google images! (Though you can include those as well) You may NOT use an Encyclopedia! (They are terribly outdated and geared to the non-academic. (Wikipedia IS a good source sometimes for locating valid references, however)

11) Length is: cover your topic – it is VERY difficult to do this in under 4 minutes. After 8 minutes, you had better be giving fascinating information to keep your audience’s attention. I have seen shorter than 4 and longer than 8 that were “A” quality – but not many!

1 Clarence Darrow and Why he is important to the field of Anthropology.

Google has become the lowest common denominator in research. You should use google ONLY to find scientific websites

from which to get your most current and scientific information! (NO Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, etc!) ie: Search Google for:”Published Physical Anthropology Articles on XXX” or “Published Physical or Biological Anthropology Articles” – then go to the respective site and THEN search your topic!Below are some SEARCH ENGINES you might find far more useful in gaining readable academic information (in any course).See in: 1.3.3 Research: Resources OTHER than Google (Module 1)

www.refseek.com (Links to an external site.)

– Academic Resource Search. More than a billion sources: encyclopedia, monographs, magazines.

www.worldcat.org (Links to an external site.)

– a search for the contents of 20 thousand worldwide libraries. Find out where lies the nearest rare book you need.

https://link.springer.com (Links to an external site.)

– access to more than 10 million scientific documents: books, articles, research protocols.

www.bioline.org.br (Links to an external site.)

is a library of scientific bioscience journals published in developing countries.

http://repec.org (Links to an external site.)

– volunteers from 102 countries have collected almost 4 million publications on economics and related science.

www.science.gov (Links to an external site.)

is an American state search engine on 2200+ scientific sites. More than 200 million articles are indexed.

www.pdfdrive.com (Links to an external site.)

is the largest website for free download of books in PDF format. Claiming over 225 million names.

www.base-search.net (Links to an external site.)

is one of the most powerful researches on academic studies texts. More than 100 million scientific documents, 70% of them are free

Sahelanthropus
Tchadensis
BY: MARK LEE
Commentary for Slide 1
Hello. My name is Mark Lee and this is my Presentation 4 for Anthropology 130. My
topic is Sahelanthropus Tchadensis.
Sahelanthropus
Tchadensis
Oldest known hominid
May have been bipedal
Both ape and human-like
characteristics
Commentary for Slide 3
According to our textbook, Sahelanthropus Tchadensis is “The earliest preaustralopithecine species found in central Africa with possible evidence of bipedalism.”
(Larson p. A16). It is a genus named for the region of the southern Sahara Desert known
as the Sahel. “S. tchadensis is currently the oldest candidate for hominin status.” (Klages
2008).
Discovery
French paleontologist
Michel Brunet
2001
Skull and Teeth
Africa
Commentary for Slide 5
It was first discovered by the French paleontologist Michel Brunet and his colleagues in
2001. A skull and teeth were found in the Djurab Desert in Chad, Africa.
Skull Evidence
TM 266-01-060-1,
supraorbital torus
Large brows
sloping face
Commentary for Slide 7
The skull evidence is named TM 266-01-060-1. It was found in one piece but had many
cracks. It had some ape-like qualities such as a massive brow ridge and sloping face. It
was also human-like is that it had small canine teeth and showed some evidence of
bipedalism in the skull base.
Brain
Tiny brain (350 cc)- primitive
Primitive and apelike
Commentary for Slide 9
The brain was much smaller than that of modern humans. It measured 350 cc and is
considered primitive and apelike. “The brows are relatively larger, and absolutely
thicker, than those of male gorillas, yet the cranium is diminutive in size, similar to that
of a female chimpanzee” (Klages 2008).
Teeth
Small canine teeth
Long tooth roots
Non-honing chewing
Commentary for Slide 11
Their teeth were human-like in that they had small canine teeth, a short middle part of
the face, and non-honing chewing complex in the canine-pre-molar. “The canines of S.
tchadensis are reduced, in that they feature small crowns but still retain very long tooth
roots” (Klages 2008).
Bipedal?
Spinal cord opening underneath the skull
Further forward than in apes
Head held upwards
Head may have been on an upright body
Commentary for Slide
“The foramen magnum (the large opening where the spinal cord exits out of the
cranium from the brain) is located further forward (on the underside of the cranium)
than in apes or any other primate except humans. This feature indicates that the head of
Sahelanthropus was held on an upright body, probably associated with walking on two
legs.” (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 2021). However, only cranial
material has been found so it is impossible to know for sure if they were bipedal.
Where did
they live?
Forest
With a lake nearby
7–6 mya Djurab Desert,
Chad
Commentary for Slide 15
They are believed to have lived in a forest setting with a lake nearby in what is now the
Djurab Desert in Chad. They lived there 7 million years ago to 6 million years ago.
Diet?
Plants, leaves, fruit, seeds, roots, nuts, and insects.
Commentary for Slide 17
Although the teeth that were found were too worn to really tell exactly what they ate,
some scientists believe their diet was “mainly plant-based diet. This probably included
leaves, fruit, seeds, roots, nuts, and insects.” (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural
History, 2021).
Conclusion
Commentary for Slide 19
I hope you enjoyed my presentation on Sahelanthropus Tchadensis. Although, there
is not much evidence to study on this ancient hominid, I hope you found the
information intriguing and are motivated to find out more about how they are the
link between apes and humans. I hope more is unearthed in the future.
References
Beauvilain, Alain, and Yves Le Guellec. “Further Details Concerning Fossils Attributed to Sahelanthropus Tchadensis
(Touma&luml;).” South African Journal of Science, vol. 100, no. 3/4, Mar. 2004, pp. 142–44. EBSCOhost,
https://searchebscohostcom.ezproxy.grossmont.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=13701218&site=ehost-live.
Klages, A. (2008). Sahelanthropus tchadensis: AN EXAMINATION OF ITS HOMININ
AFFINITIES AND POSSIBLE
PHYLOGENETIC PLACEMENT. Totem: The U.W.O.
Journal of Anthropology, 16, 31–40. Retrieved May 22, 2022, from
file:///C:/Users/neonf/Downloads/ojsadmin,+fulltext.pdf.
Larsen, C. S. (2016). Essentials of physical anthropology: Discovering our origins. W.W. Norton & Company.
Le Fur, Soizic, et al. “Toros-Menalla (Chad, 7 Ma), the Earliest Hominin-Bearing Area: How Many Mammal
Paleocommunities?” Journal of Human Evolution, vol. 69, Apr. 2014, pp. 79–90. EBSCOhost, https://doiorg.ezproxy.grossmont.edu/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.09.012.
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. (2021, January 22). Sahelanthropustchadensis. The Smithsonian Institution’s
Human Origins Program. Retrieved May 22, 2022, from https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/humanfossils/species/sahelanthropus-tchadensis