CCI – Only solve two questions – 4366

I want the answer without similarity at all, and Conceptual and professional, they’re important.

‫| كلية الحوسبة والمعلوماتية‬
College of Computing and Informatics
College of Computing & Informatics (CCI)
SENIOR PROJECT-I REPORT
Author(s):
Reema Saif Almutawa (Leader)
200074848
s200074848@seu.edu.sa
——————————————————–Sara Mohammed Aljubran
200059572
S200059572@seu.edu.sa
———————————————————
Leena Abdulrahman Alomar
200236290
S200236290@seu.edu.sa
1
‫| كلية الحوسبة والمعلوماتية‬
College of Computing and Informatics
Ryam Abdullatif Almousa
200069358
S200069358@seu.edu.sa
——————————————————————
Areej Abdallah Alshuhail
200105208
S200105208@seu.edu.sa
Project Supervisor:
< Dr. Mrouj Almuhajri>
2
‫| كلية الحوسبة والمعلوماتية‬
College of Computing and Informatics
A website for tourism in the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
By:
Reema Saif Almutawa
Sara Mohammed Aljubran
Leena Abdulrahman Alomar
Ryam Abdullatif Almousa
Areej Abdallah Alshuhail
Thesis/Project submitted to:
College of Computing & Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of:
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Project Supervisor
Project Committee Chair
3
ABSTRACT
Include a 2-3 paragraph brief about the project, its utility and your contribution. Also highlight
how the project has helped in your professional growth. It should briefly explain the problem and
why you need to solve it, what method did you use and what is the advantages of your proposed
method with reflection on the findings or results.
4
DEDICATION
This work is dedicated to…
5
PREFACE
The preface content comes here. Make sure it is not more than one page. Preface should be used to
describe any special clarifications regarding project report. You may also include acknowledgment
paragraph in this section.
6
REVISION HISTORY
Name
Date
Reason For Changes
Version
Sara Aljubran
14-9-2023
Making some corrections to the written paragraphs and
providing more explanation for the GANTT chart.
1
Areej Alshuhail
21-9-2023
Conducting an improvement process for the literature review
and making more connections between the paragraphs in a
streamlined manner.
2
Areej Alshuhail
5-10-2023
Trying to improve the writing of some references for the
literature review.
3
Reema Almutawa
26-10-2023 make some improvement on chapter 3.
4
All team members
9-11-2023
5
make some improvement on chapter 2 and 4.
7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………… 9
1.1
Project Background/Overview: ………………………………………………………………………………9
1.2
Problem Description: ……………………………………………………………………………………………9
1.3
Project Scope: …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
1.4
Project Objectives: …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10
1.5
Project Tools & Technologies Required:……….. .…………………………………………..11
1.6
Project Structure/Plan: ………………………………………………………………………………………. 12
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW …………………………………………………………………. 115
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………………………………….. 224
CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM ANALYSIS ………………………………………………………………………2724
4.1
Product Features: ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 274
4.1.1 Operating Environment:…………………… ………………………………………….24
4.2
Functional Requirements: …………………………………………………………………………………… 29
4.2.1 User Account Creation……………………………………………………………….
4.2.2 User Log In………………………………………………………………………….
4.2.3 User Profile Management……………………………………………………………
4.2.4 User Log Out……………………………………………………………………….
4.2.5 5 Shopping Car Management……………………………………………………
4.2.6 Tour Guide Booking………………………………………………………….……
4.2.7 Search Bar Functionality……………………………………………………………
4.2.8 Payment Process…………………………………………………….………………
4.2.9 Sellers Management…………………………………………………………………
4.3
Nonfunctional Requirements……………………………………………………………………………….. 38
4.3.1 Performance Requirement……………………………………………………………
4.3.2 Safety Requirement……………………………………………………………………
4.3.3 Security Requirements………………………………………………………………….
4.3.4 Software Quality Attributes………………………………………………………….
4.3.5 Other Requirements (Optional)………………………………………………………
8
4.4
Analysis Models ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40
CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM DESIGN ……………………………………………………………………………. 45
5.1 Design Level Sequence Diagram…………………………………………………………….
5.2 Complete Class Diagram ………………………………………………………………….
5.3 Entity-relationship Diagram………………………………………………………………
CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………… 50
6.1
Discussion ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50
6.2
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 50
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 51
APPENDIX: Glossary …………………………………………………………………………………………… 53
9
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1
Project Background/Overview:
The Ministry of Tourism was established in 2000 and it is the ministry concerned with achieving
development in the tourism sector. Its primary objective to implement the kingdom’s 2030 vision
for tourism, along with facilitating successful collaborations and developing national human
capabilities, and it aspire to create new job opportunities for Saudi citizens in accordance with
the Kingdom’s status and vision.
The vision of the Ministry of Tourism is “To be the world’s leading tourism sector driving the
highest sustainable impact” (1). Therefore, we chose our project which is a website for domestic
tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for Saudi and foreign people. And the reason why we
chose it is to help support the Ministry of Tourism to fulfill its vision as we consider ourselves
citizens of this country and we owe it to it to support any efforts that are aimed at improving our
country.
Saudi Arabia is one of the most significant countries to travel to, because of a variety of
historical sites, stunning pure natural, and holy cities. Our primary goal is to help tourists explore
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as well help them explore the most important entertainment
activities, restaurants, museums, and shopping places in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Our website is different because it will focus on displaying all places, not just the famous ones,
and also displaying it in categories such as kids activities, historical activities, families activities
and so on. The website will be a connection point between tour guides and tourists. Also the
website will contain a store that will allow customers to buy some of Saudi products such as
Dates, Arabic coffee, Klija, Zamzam water, souvenirs, and pottery products.
1.2
Problem Description:
Although Saudi Arabia is a country that is rich in historical places, pure nature, and holy cities, it
is still not that popular for foreign tourists. promoting Saudi tourism still needs more work and
effort. Moreover, Saudi products are also still not easily available to foreign people who would
like to purchase them, because most of the Saudi websites that are offering to sell traditional &
local products that have a high quality as our website doesn’t offer shipping outside Saudi Arabia
which makes it a problem for customers who live outside the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
10
1.3
Project Scope:
The (‫ )أنورت‬website targets to promote the domestic tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for
citizens and foreign people. We believe that using technology to promote is the most effective
strategy, because it’s the simplest approach to reach tourists before they visit the country. Also
we aim to support our local products by providing an online platform for trading. The outcome
of the website is to reach the target visitors and help them explore the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
also connect them to the tour guides who can help them explore the country. The website will
help in selling Saudi local and traditional products especially for the foreign tourists. The final
goal is to make the tourism and the local industry in Saudi Arabia as popular as possible which
will have its benefit on the country economy and citizens.
1.4
Project Objectives:
•
The objective of the website is to reach the target visitors and help them explore the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, also connect them to the tour guides who can help them
explore the country.
•
The website will support the Saudi economy by making a platform that will help in
selling the local and traditional businesses products inside and outside the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia.
•
Promoting the tourism and local industry in Saudi Arabia will have a significant impact
on the country economy, citizens, and the interchange of cultures with foreign tourists.
•
The website makes it simple for users to browse and buy local and traditional products
from the comfort of their own homes, which will improve consumer convenience and
boost overall satisfaction.
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1.5
Project Tools & Technologies Required:
•
A laptop
•
Text editor: is a source-code editor help you to create and modify a web application.
•
HTML: (Hyper Text Markup Language) is the basic building block of the Web that
defines the structure of web page.
•
CSS: (Cascading Style Sheets) is the language that defines the presentation such as
colors, fonts, and all the visual components of the web page.
•
JavaScript: is a client-side scripting language that is used in the web page to make it
interactive, such as using it in the form validation, user interaction and event handling.
•
PHP: (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language that is used in web
development to create dynamic web pages that can interact with databases.
•
MySQL: is an open-source database management system that is used in web
development, it uses SQL (Structured Query Language) to access and modify the data
inside the databases.
12
1.6
Project Structure/Plan:
➢ General plan:
Week
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Task name
CHAPTE 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE
REVIEW
CHAPTER 3:
METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM
ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM DESIGN
CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION &
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
APPENDIX: Glossary
Duration
7 days
7 days
Start date
14.9.2023
21.9.2023
End date
20.9.2023
27.9.2023
7 days
28.9.2023
4.10.2023
7 days
5.10.2023
11.10.2023
7 days
7 days
12.10.2023
19.10.2023
18.10.2023
25.10.2023
7 days
4 days
26.10.2023
2.11.2023
1.11.2023
5.11.2023
➢ Detailed plan:
Week
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Task name
CHAPTE 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE
REVIEW
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM
ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM DESIGN
CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION &
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
APPENDIX: Glossary
Subtasks
1.1 Project
Background/Overview
1.2 Problem Description
1.3 Project Scope:
1.4 Project Objectives:
1.5 Project Structure/Plan
———–
Duration
2 days
Start date
14.9.2023
1 day
1 day
1 day
2 days
7 days
16.9.2023
17.9.2023
18.9.2023
20.9.2023
21.9.2023
———-4.1 Product Features:
4.2 Functional Requirements
4.3 Nonfunctional
Requirements
4.4 Analysis Models
———-6.1 Discussion
6.2 Conclusion
———————
7 days
1 day
2 days
1 day
28.9.2023
5.10.2023
6.10.2023
8.10.2023
3 days
7 days
3 days
4 days
7 days
4 days
9.10.2023
12.10.2023
19.10.2023
26.10.2023
2.11.2023
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➢ GANTT chart:
Figure 1: GANTT chart Diagram of Tourism website project in Saudi Arabia.
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction:
The importance of tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia holds a unique position in the world as a tourism destination of
immense cultural and religious significance. Nestled in the Arabian Peninsula, this vast and
diverse country offers a remarkable blend of ancient traditions, architectural wonders, and
spiritual experiences, making it a captivating choice for travelers seeking cultural and religious
exploration (Ekiz, Oter, & Stephenson, 2017).
Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam, home to two of the holiest sites in the Islamic faith:
Mecca and Medina. Every year, millions of Muslims from around the world undertake the Hajj
pilgrimage to Mecca, a profound spiritual journey that is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. The
Grand Mosque, with its iconic Kaaba, stands as a focal point of devotion and unity for Muslims
worldwide. Similarly, Medina, the final resting place of the Prophet Muhammad, attracts
pilgrims who seek to pay their respects at the Prophet’s Mosque (Jafari & Scott, 2014).
Beyond its religious significance, Saudi Arabia boasts a rich cultural heritage spanning
thousands of years. From the Nabatean ruins of Al-Ula to the ancient rock art of Jubbah, the
country is a treasure trove of archaeological wonders that provide insights into its rich history.
The historic city of Diriyah, a UNESCO World Heritage site, offers a glimpse into Saudi
Arabia’s past as the birthplace of the first Saudi state. Traditional mud-brick houses, vibrant
souks, and bustling markets showcase the country’s authentic cultural heritage (Al-Azm &
Rahman, 2023)
Economically, tourism plays a crucial role in contributing to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s
economy. The tourism sector has been recognized as a key driver of economic diversification
and job creation. According to a report by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), the
direct contribution of travel and tourism to Saudi Arabia’s GDP was expected to increase by
5.4% in 2020 (WTTC, 2020) This indicates the significant economic potential of the tourism
industry in the country.
15
The Role of Tourism Websites:
Tourism websites play a critical role in destination marketing and promotion. They serve as a
virtual gateway that provides potential visitors with information, inspiration, and a glimpse into
the attractions and experiences a destination has to offer (Nakayama, 2023). Here are some key
aspects of the role of tourism websites in destination marketing:
1. Information and Inspiration: Tourism websites serve as a central hub of information for
potential visitors. They provide comprehensive details about attractions, accommodations,
transportation options, local services, and cultural experiences. Through captivating visuals,
engaging content, and user-friendly interfaces, tourism websites inspire and motivate
travelers to explore a destination by showcasing its unique selling points, cultural heritage,
natural beauty, and recreational opportunities (Sipayung, Fiarni, & Febrian, 2021).
2. Reach and Accessibility: Tourism websites have a wide reach and are accessible to a global
audience. They transcend geographical boundaries, allowing potential visitors from around
the world to access information about a destination at any time. This broad reach enables
destinations to tap into new markets and attract visitors who may have previously been
unaware of their offerings (Sorokina , et al., 2022).
3. Promotion of Unique Experiences: Effective tourism websites highlight the unique
experiences and attractions that set a destination apart. They showcase the diverse range of
activities, events, culinary delights, and cultural immersion opportunities available to visitors.
By presenting these distinctive aspects, tourism websites can create a compelling narrative
that appeals to the specific interests and preferences of different traveler segments (VinyalsMirabent, Kavaratzis , & Fernández-Cavia, 2019).
Benefits of Effective Tourism Websites in Attracting Visitors:
Effective tourism websites offer several benefits in attracting visitors to a destination. Here are
some key benefits:
1. Increased Visibility and Awareness: A well-designed and optimized tourism website
enhances a destination’s visibility in the online space. It improves search engine rankings,
increases exposure, and raises awareness among potential visitors who are actively researching
and planning their trips. This increased visibility can lead to higher website traffic, greater brand
recognition, and ultimately, more visitors to the destination (Ur Rehman, Abbas, Abbasi, &
Khan, 2023).
16
2. Positive Perception and Reputation: An engaging and user-friendly tourism website
helps shape the perception of a destination. It conveys professionalism, credibility, and attention
to detail, which can positively influence potential visitors’ perception of the destination. A wellmanaged website that offers accurate and up-to-date information can also contribute to building a
positive reputation for the destination as a reliable and desirable place to visit (Home
Transcending Borders in Tourism Through Innovation and Cultural Heritage, 2022).
3. Targeted Marketing and Audience Segmentation: Tourism websites allow destinations
to tailor their marketing efforts to specific target markets and audience segments. By analyzing
website analytics and user data, destinations can gather insights on visitor demographics,
preferences, and behaviors. This information enables targeted marketing campaigns and the
customization of content to match the interests and needs of different visitor segments,
increasing the likelihood of attracting the right audience.
How Tourism Websites Enhance the Overall Visitor Experience:
Tourism websites play a crucial role in enhancing the overall visitor experience. Here’s how:
1. Trip Planning and Personalization: Tourism websites provide visitors with the tools and
resources to plan their trips effectively. They offer comprehensive information on
accommodations, attractions, transportation, and itineraries, empowering visitors to personalize
their experiences according to their preferences and interests. This helps visitors make informed
decisions and ensures a smoother and more satisfying travel experience (Dolnicar , 2022).
2. Real-Time Updates and Communication: Effective tourism websites provide real-time
updates and communication channels that enable visitors to stay informed about any changes or
developments related to their travel plans. This includes information about weather conditions,
transportation delays, special events, or any other relevant updates. Such timely communication
contributes to visitor satisfaction and helps them navigate their travel experiences more
efficiently (Al-Olayan, 2023).
3. Interactive and Engaging Content: Tourism websites can offer interactive and engaging
content that immerses visitors in the destination’s culture, history, and natural wonders. This can
include virtual tours, 360-degree images, videos, and interactive maps. By providing these
immersive experiences, tourism websites create anticipation and excitement, enriching the
overall visitor experience even before the trip begins (Al-Rumaih, 2022).
17
4. User Reviews and Recommendations: Many tourism websites feature user reviews,
testimonials, and recommendations from previous visitors. This user-generated content provides
valuable insights and social proof to potential visitors, helping them make informed decisions
and build trust in the destination. By incorporating user reviews, tourism websites foster a sense
of community and enable visitors to benefit from the experiences and recommendations of others
(Agag & El-Masry, 2017).
Features and services that should be provided in tourism websites:
When designing tourism websites, it is important to consider the features and services that
should be provided to meet the needs and expectations of potential visitors. Here are some
essential features and services that can enhance the effectiveness and user experience of tourism
websites:
1. Comprehensive Destination Information: Tourism websites should provide comprehensive
and up-to-date information about the destination. This includes details about attractions,
landmarks, historical sites, natural wonders, cultural events, and recreational activities. Visitors
should be able to access information about operating hours, entrance fees, guided tours, and any
other relevant details that help them plan their visit effectively (Pourabedin, 2021).
2. Accommodation Listings and Booking: A tourism website should feature listings of various
accommodation options available in the destination, such as hotels, resorts, guesthouses, and
vacation rentals. Integration with a reliable booking system allows visitors to check availability,
compare prices, and make reservations directly through the website. Providing user reviews and
ratings can also help visitors make informed decisions about their accommodation choices
(Labanauskaitė, Fiore, & Stašys, 2020).
3. Transportation Information: Including transportation information is essential for visitors to
plan their journeys. Tourism websites should provide details about transportation options within
the destination, including public transportation, rental car services, taxi or ride- hailing services,
and airport transfers. Timetables, routes, fares, and transportation maps can help visitors navigate
the destination smoothly (Pencarelli, 2020).
18
4. Interactive Maps and Itineraries: Interactive maps that highlight key attractions, points of
interest, and recommended itineraries can greatly enhance the visitor experience. Such maps
should be user-friendly, allowing visitors to customize their routes, view additional information
about specific locations, and access directions. Itineraries can provide suggested routes and time
allocations for different types of travelers, such as families, adventure seekers, or cultural
enthusiasts (Wiastuti, Lestari, Triana, Masatip, & Ngatemin, 2020).
5. Multilingual Support: To cater to a diverse range of international visitors, tourism websites
should offer multilingual support. This includes the availability of content in multiple languages,
language selection options, and translation services. Providing information in the visitor’s native
language helps overcome language barriers and enhances accessibility, making the website more
user-friendly and inclusive (Technology Foresight Center, 2023).
6. Inspiring Visual Content: High-quality visuals, including photographs, videos, and virtual
tours, are powerful tools to inspire and captivate potential visitors. Tourism websites should
feature visually appealing content that showcases the destination’s unique landscapes, attractions,
and cultural experiences. Engaging visuals evoke emotions, create a sense of anticipation, and
motivate visitors to explore further (lynda, 2020).
7. User-Generated Content and Reviews: Integrating user-generated content and reviews can
instill trust and authenticity in a tourism website. Allowing visitors to share their experiences,
photos, and reviews can help build a sense of community and provide valuable insights for other
travelers. Ratings, testimonials, and recommendations contribute to the credibility of the
destination and can influence visitors’ decision-making process.
8. Mobile-Friendly Design: With the increasing use of smartphones and tablets, it is crucial for
tourism websites to have a mobile-friendly design. Responsive layouts and optimized content
ensure that the website is accessible and usable across different devices and screen sizes. Mobilefriendly websites allow visitors to access information on the go, enhancing their overall
experience and convenience (Sri, 2021).
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9. Social Media Integration: Integrating social media platforms into tourism websites allows
visitors to easily share content, engage with the destination’s community, and stay updated with
the latest news and events. Social media plugins and links to the destination’s official social
media accounts encourage interaction, promote user-generated content, and expand the reach of
the destination’s online presence (Sri, 2021).
10. Contact Information and Customer Support: Providing clear contact information,
including phone numbers, email addresses, and physical addresses, allows visitors to reach out
for inquiries, assistance, or support. Offering timely and responsive customer support through
various channels, such as live chat or email, ensures that visitors’ queries are addressed promptly,
enhancing their satisfaction and trust in the destination.
20
Related Works:
In this section of the literature review examines existing research on how an electronic store can
help boost tourism and support local businesses.
1. The First Study:
The authors conducted a case study on Destination X to explore how website design elements,
such as aesthetics and user-friendliness, influence tourist behavior and engagement. They used a
mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative website analytics and qualitative interviews
with tourists. The study found that an aesthetically pleasing and user-friendly website design
positively affects tourist engagement. Visual appeal, including high-quality images showcasing
the destination’s attractions, captured potential tourists’ attention. Intuitive navigation and wellorganized information facilitated easy access to relevant details, enhancing the user experience.
Implementing a redesigned website with visually appealing elements and improved userfriendliness led to increased website traffic and higher tourist satisfaction. The study highlights
the importance of investing in website design that appeals to visitors and provides a seamless
browsing experience, emphasizing its role in effective destination marketing strategies (Smith,
Johnson, & Anderson, 2020).
2. The Second Study:
The authors of the second study investigated how social media integration on tourism websites
shapes the destination image. They surveyed international tourists to understand their perceptions
of destination image and the role of social media elements. The study found that tourism
websites incorporating user-generated content and social sharing features significantly contribute
to shaping the destination image. User-generated content, such as authentic photos and positive
reviews, enhances the destination’s authenticity and credibility. Destinations with social media
integration are perceived as more attractive and unique due to exposure to diverse and real-time
content. The ability to share website content through social media platforms increases the
destination’s reach and acts as social proof, encouraging others to explore the destination. This
integration also provides valuable information for prospective tourists, enabling more informed
travel decisions. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating social media elements into
tourism websites as a powerful tool for effective destination marketing strategies (Garcia &
Martinez, 2019).
21
3. The Third Study:
The authors of the third study investigated the impact of personalization in tourism website
design. They conducted an experimental study where participants visited a tourism website
featuring personalized content and recommendations based on their preferences. The study found
that personalization significantly increased user engagement, trust, and overall website
evaluation. Participants who received personalized recommendations reported higher levels of
satisfaction and perceived the content as valuable and helpful.
Personalization saved users time and effort in finding suitable options and activities. The study
emphasizes the importance of incorporating personalized features in tourism websites to meet the
demand for customized experiences and enhance user satisfaction and engagement (Wang &
Chen, 2020).
4. The Fourth Study:
In this study, the researchers conducted a study on the impact of mobile app usability on i\tourist
satisfaction and behavioral intentions, specifically focusing on travel apps. They collected data
through a survey that assessed participants’ perceptions of app usability and their intentions to
continue using or recommend the app. The study found that usability significantly influenced
tourist satisfaction, with factors such as ease of navigation, visual design, and responsiveness
playing a crucial role. Participants who perceived the app as more usable reported higher
satisfaction levels and were more likely to continue using it or recommend it to others. The study
emphasizes the importance of investing in mobile app usability to enhance tourist satisfaction
and encourage positive behavioral intentions, suggesting that destination marketers and app
developers should prioritize designing intuitive and visually appealing travel apps that provide a
seamless user experience (Chung & Kim, 2021).
22
Table 1: shows a comparison between the four studies.
Study
Research Objective
1
Influence of Online Reviews on
Booking.
2
3
4
Impact of Social Media on
Consumer Behavior.
Effects of Website Quality on
Purchase.
Impact of Mobile App Usability
on Satisfaction.
Methodology
Meta-analysis and systematic
review
Survey and experimental research
Quantitative survey and statistical
analysis
Mixed methods – survey and
interviews
Key Findings
Online reviews have a
significant impact on hotel
bookings.
Social media significantly
influences consumer behavior.
Website quality positively
affects online purchase.
Mobile app usability affects
tourist satisfaction.
23
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
For this project we chose the Waterfall methodology.
Figure 2: The Waterfall Model stages. (Pedamkar, 2023)
The Waterfall approach is a linear, sequential model used in software development process. The
waterfall methodology depends on the principle that all project requirements will be identified
and understood upfront. The Waterfall model divides the entire process of software development
into definite phases. The phases do not overlap between each other, meaning each phase must be
completed before moving on to the next phase. The following are the phases of the Waterfall
methodology:
1. Requirements and Analysis: The project team collaborates with customers and stakeholders
throughout this phase to determine their needs and requirements for the software product they
wish to develop. Then the team will document these requirements and analyze them, in order to
determine the strategies they will employ, and the risks they will encounter during development.
For our website we as a team gathered and analyzed the requirements from different users to
develop the software documentation that we will be used throughout the project.
24
2. Design: During this phase, the project team will design the software based on the requirements
gathered in the previous phase. The design will include the software architecture, and system
specifications.
For our website we start designing it based on the requirements we analyzed in the previous step,
we determined the hardware and software we will be using and assign the tasks of the project to
every team member, also we create a schedule plan using a Gantt chart.
3. Implementation: During this phase, the project team will develop the software based on the
design created in the previous phase. The team programmers will write the actual code.
For our website we as a team should start the coding process in this step.
4. Testing: In this phase, the project team will test the software to ensure that it meets all the
requirements and specifications of the customer. The testing will include the user testing,
performance, and functional testing.
For our website we should test the project and how to perform its functionality to ensure that
there are not any issues that need to be fixed.
5. Deployment: In this phase, the project team will deploy the finished software system to be
used for its desired purpose.
For our website when we are done testing and verifying the project, we will submit the final
website to the user.
25
6. Maintenance: In this phase, the project team will maintain and support the software. This
involves upgrading the system, implementing a newer software version, and fixing errors if they
do occur.
For our website after it has been delivered to the final users, we will still maintain the project
such as solve any errors if they occur or update the system.
The Waterfall methodology has its advantages and disadvantages. One of its important
advantages is that it provides a clear straightforward structure meaning that anyone can easily
understand the whole development process. However, one of its important disadvantages is that
it can be inflexible when it comes to a new change during the project.
26
CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM ANALYSIS
4.1
Product Features:
The product is a website that will allow the tourist to explore the kingdom of Saudi
Arabia, also to buy some traditional Saudi products and it will act as a connection point
between the tourist and a tour guide.
The main features focus on making the website user-friendly. It includes:
•
User Sign up: The interface will include three types of accounts the customer account,
tour guide account and a seller account. This will allow the users to choose the type of
account they want.
•
User Log in: The interface will allow the user to log on to the website by entering his
email and password. Require that the user have created an account.
After successful login, the user will have access to the:
•
User Profile: This page will allow the user to see and update his information and this
information will be stored in a database.
•
User Log Out: Enables the user to log out from his account properly.
•
Shopping Cart: Enables the user to look at the products that he wants to buy with the
total price, also will allow the user to complete the shipping information.
•
Tour guides: This will help the user to book an appointment with a tour guide that the
user has chosen.
27
•
Search Bar: This will allow the user to search through the website.
•
Payment: This will allow the user to choose the payment method, also to access his
payment information.
•
Sellers: If the user wants to sell his products through the website this will allow him to
add items, delete items or modify them.
4.1.1 Operating Environment
The website works in a different operating system such as Mac and Windows. In addition,
it can work on smartphones that have an Internet connection and can access web browsers
such as Google Chrome, safari, and Firefox.
The hardware we will be using is a laptop. The languages we will be using for the project
implementation are HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL. The HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript languages will be used to create visually pleasing and interactive pages. While
PHP and MySQL will be used to interact with the database of the website.
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4.2
Functional Requirements:
4.2.1 User Account Creation:
Identifier
UC-1
Purpose
Allow users to sign up for an account on the platform.
Priority
High
Pre-conditions
The user is on the website and has not yet created an account.
Post-conditions
User successfully creates an account with the chosen account type -user,
tour guide, or seller.
Typical Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User selects “Sign Up” option
Redirected to account creation page
2
User chooses account type
Options: User, Tour Guide, Seller
displayed
3
User fills in required information
Validation checks for email, password, and
account type
4
The user submits the form Account created
The system sends a confirmation email
5
User receives a confirmation email
The email contains account verification
link
Alternate Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User selects “Sign Up” option
Redirected to account creation page
2
User chooses account type Options
User, Tour Guide, Seller appear
3
User enters existing email
Alert: Email already registered, prompt to
log in
4
User logs in instead
Redirected to login page
29
4.2.2 User Log In:
Identifier
UC-2
Purpose
Allow registered users to log in to their accounts.
Priority
High
Pre-conditions
The user has an existing account.
Post-conditions
User successfully logs in and gains access to account features.
Typical Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User clicks “Log In”
Redirected to login page
2
User enters email and password
Validation checks for email and password
3
User submits the form
Logged into the account
4
User gains access to account features
User redirected to the dashboard
Alternate Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
The user clicks “Log In”
Redirected to login page
2
User forgets password
Option to reset the password via email
3
The user clicks reset password
Email sent with a password reset link
4
The user logs in with a new password
Logged into the account
30
4.2.3 User Profile Management:
Identifier
UC-3
Purpose
Enable users to view and update their profile details
Priority
Medium
Pre-conditions
User is logged into their account.
Post-conditions
User’s profile details are updated in the database
Typical Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User navigates to “Profile”
Redirected to the user profile page
2
User views current information
Displays current user details
3
User selects “Edit Profile”
Redirected to the edit profile form
4
User updates information
Validation checks for updated data
5
User submits the form
Profile information is updated in the
database
6
User receives a confirmation message
Profile updated successfully confirmation
message
Alternate Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User navigates to “Profile”
Redirected to the user profile page
2
User views current information
Displays current user details
3
User decides not to edit
Redirected back to the profile page
31
4.2.4 User Log Out:
Identifier
UC-4
Purpose
Allow users to log out securely from their accounts.
Priority
Low
Pre-conditions
User is logged into their account.
Post-conditions
User is logged out, and session is terminated.
Typical Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User clicks “Log Out” option
Session terminated, user redirected to the
home page
2
User clicks on their profile picture
Options dropdown appears
3
User selects “Log Out”
Session terminated, user redirected to the
home page
Alternate Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User closes the browser
Session terminated, user logged out
2
User’s session expires due to inactivity
Session terminated, user logged out
3
User redirected to login page
User prompted to log in again
32
4.2.5 Shopping Cart Management:
Identifier
UC-5
Purpose
Enable users to manage items in their shopping cart
Priority
High
Pre-conditions
User is logged into their account.
Post-conditions
User’s shopping cart is updated with selected items.
Typical Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User adds items to the cart
Items added with individual price
2
User navigates to the “Shopping Cart”
Redirected to the cart page
3
User views and manages items
Options to remove or update quantities
4
User completes shipping information
Option to proceed to checkout
5
User confirms the order
Order details stored for processing
Alternate Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User adds items to the cart
Items added with individual prices
2
User decides not to check out
Trigger 2 Redirected back to the shopping
page
33
4.2.6 Tour Guide Booking:
Identifier
UC-6
Purpose
Allow users to book appointments with tour guides
Priority
Medium
Pre-conditions
User is logged into their account.
Post-conditions
User successfully books a tour guide appointment.
Typical Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User selects “Book Tour Guide”
Redirected to the tour guide booking page
2
User views available tour guides
List of available tour guides displayed
3
User selects a tour guide
Option to choose date and time for the
appointment
4
User confirms the booking
Booking details stored, confirmation
message displayed
Alternate Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User selects “Book Tour Guide”
Redirected to the tour guide booking page
2
User decides not to book
Redirected back to the main dashboard
34
4.2.7 Search Bar Functionality:
Identifier
UC-7
Purpose
Allow users to search through the website.
Priority
High
Pre-conditions
Website is accessible
Post-conditions
Search results are displayed.
Typical Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User enters search query
Interface displays “Searching…” message
2
System processes the query
Interface presents relevant search results
3
User selects desired item or information
Interface navigates to the selected content
Alternate Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User enters search query
Interface displays no results message
2
User decides not to proceed
Interface returns to the home page
35
4.2.8 Payment Process:
Identifier
UC-8
Purpose
Allow users to choose a payment method and complete the payment.
Priority
High
Pre-conditions
User has items in the shopping cart.
Post-conditions
Payment is completed successfully.
Typical Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User selects “Payment” option
Interface displays payment methods
2
User chooses a payment method
Interface prompts for payment information
3
User provides necessary information
Interface validates and completes payment
4
System processes the payment
Interface displays payment confirmation
5
User receives payment confirmation
Interface redirects to the home page
Alternate Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
User selects “Payment” option
Interface displays payment methods
2
User decides not to proceed
Interface returns to the shopping cart
36
4.2.9 Sellers Management:
Identifier
UC-9
Purpose
Allow users to manage their products if they are sellers.
Priority
High
Pre-conditions
User is logged in as a seller.
Post-conditions
Product information is updated in the database.
Typical Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
Seller selects “Sellers” option
Redirected to login page
2
Seller selects “Add,” “Delete,” or “Modify”
option
Interface navigates to the corresponding
action
3
Seller performs the chosen action
Interface validates and updates product
information
Alternate Course of Action
S#
Actor Action
System Response
1
Seller selects “Sellers” option
Interface displays no products message
2
Seller decides not to proceed
Interface returns to the home page
37
4.3
Nonfunctional Requirements
4.3.1
•
•
•
The average page load time on the website should not exceed 3 seconds, even
during peak tourism seasons, without any compromise in performance or response
time. To provide a smooth and efficient browsing experience for users, reducing
bounce rates and enhancing user engagement.
Search queries should return results within 2 seconds to ensure quick access to
relevant information, encouraging user interaction and exploration of the site’s
offerings.
The website should be able to handle a high volume of image and video content
without compromising the browsing experience.
4.3.2
•
•
•
Performance Requirements
Safety Requirements
The website should have a valid SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate to ensure
that all data transmitted between the user’s browser and the server is encrypted and
secure, thereby preventing data interception by unauthorized parties.
Ensure the website complies with laws and local data protection regulations, to
safeguard user data and privacy.
Host the website on a secure and reputable hosting platform that offers robust
security features, including firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and regular
security monitoring, to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.
38
4.3.3
•
•
•
•
Regular and automated data backup procedures must be implemented to prevent
data loss due to technical failures or cyberattacks, and a comprehensive data
recovery plan should be in place to restore the website in case of any data loss or
damage.
Implement secure user authentication protocols, such as password hashing, multifactor authentication, or CAPTCHA verification, to ensure that only authorized
users can access the website’s features and functionalities.
Employ strong encryption protocols to protect sensitive data, such as user
credentials, payment information, and personal details, from unauthorized access
or interception during transmission and storage.
Must integrate a secure payment gateway that complies with Payment Card
Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) requirements to safeguard users’
financial information and prevent payment fraud.
4.3.4
•
•
•
•
Security Requirements
Software Quality Attributes
The website should adapt seamlessly to various devices and screen sizes, ensuring
a consistent user experience across desktops, tablets, and mobile devices. It should
have a responsive design that adjusts the layout and content to different screen
resolutions and orientations. The website must maintain a consistent load time of 3
seconds or less, irrespective of the user’s device.
The website must maintain a minimum uptime of 99.9%, allowing users to access
information and make bookings without experiencing significant downtime.
Downtime should be scheduled during off-peak hours, and users should be notified
in advance of any planned maintenance activities.
The website’s content and information must be accurate and up-to-date, providing
users with reliable and relevant data regarding tourist destinations and attractions.
Regular content reviews should be conducted, with any outdated or inaccurate
information corrected.
The website must be intuitive and user-friendly, ensuring that users can easily
navigate through different sections and find the information they need without
confusion, reflecting users’ ability to complete tasks efficiently and effectively.
39
•
•
The website should be modular, allowing easy updates and enhancements without
affecting the entire system.
The website should be compatible with all major web browsers, including Chrome,
Firefox, Safari, and Edge, with no functional differences in user experience across
these browsers.
4.3.5
•
•
•
4.4
Other Requirements (Optional)
It should have external interfaces for integrating with third-party services such as
maps and social media platforms to enhance the overall user experience.
The website’s content and services should be internationalized to cater to a diverse
audience with multilingual support and localization capabilities.
The website must adhere to all relevant legal requirements and regulations related
to online commerce, data protection, and user privacy.
Analysis Models
Figure 3: Packages Organize Use Case Diagram of tourism website in Saudi Arabia.
40
Figure 4: Use Case Diagram of tourism website in Saudia Arabia.
41
A use case diagram is a visual representation of the interactions between different actors (users or
external systems) and a system, illustrating the various use cases or functionalities of the system.
Use cases are represented as ovals, and actors are represented as stick figures.
This Use Case Diagram describes different levels of functionality for our tourism website,
specifically related to account registration, content management, booking appointments with
Tour Guides and E-commerce shopping. I will make brief descriptions for each section:
1. Account Registration:
➢ Related to the Tourist:
•
Registration: This feature allows tourists to generate a new account by providing the
required information such as their name, email, and password.
•
Log In: Tourists can log in to their accounts using their registered user or email and
password.
➢ Related to the Admin:
•
Verify Password: The admin can verify the password entered by the user during
registration and login to ensure account security.
•
Display Error: If there are issues with the registration or login process, the admin can
display error messages to assist tourists in troubleshooting.
The > relationship with “Verify Password” indicates that password
verification is an essential part of the login process. The relationship with
“Display Error” indicates that displaying an error message is an optional action that can
occur during the login process if there’s an error.
42
2. The Content about Tourism in Saudi Arabia:
➢ Add Tourism Material: Tourist Guides can contribute and upload tourism-related
content in Saudi Arabia to share with others. Tourists can access tourism-related
content, such as guides and information, that were uploaded by the guides, about
various destinations in Saudi Arabia.
3. Booking Appointments with Tour Guides:
➢ Related to the Tourist:
•
Browse Available Guides: Tourists can browse through a list of available tour guides,
each with their respective profiles, specializations, and availability.
➢ Related to the Tour Guide:
•
Receive Appointment Requests: Tour guides can receive appointment requests from
tourists and review the details of the requested tour.
•
Confirm or Propose Alternatives: Tour guides can either confirm the appointment as
requested or propose an alternative date and time if the initial request is not available.
4. E-commerce Shopping:
➢ Related to the Admin:
•
Add/Modify Categories: The admin can create and manage categories of Saudi
Culture products to organize the items available for purchase.
•
Add/Modify Products: Admins can add new products, update existing ones, or
remove items from the e-commerce platform.
43
➢ Related to the Tourist:
•
Add Product to Shopping Cart: Tourists can add desired products to their shopping
cart for later purchase.
•
Make Payment: Tourists can complete the purchase by paying for the items in their
shopping cart.
44
CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM DESIGN
5.1 Design Level Sequence Diagram:
Figure 5: explains how the user creates an account (sign up) and then logs in. After successful login the user can view the user
profile, or they can search for tourist destinations and tour guides, when the user finishes, they can log out.
45
Figure 6: After creating an account in (Figure 5) the user can log in directly by entering their email and password, and this
Figure shows how customers can book appointments with tour guides.
46
Figure 7: After creating an account in (Figure 5) the user can log in directly by entering their email and password, and this Figure
shows how customers can buy the product from the store and complete the payment process.
47
5.2 Complete Class Diagram:
Figure 8: This Figure shows the complete class diagram for the website for tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia.
48
5.3 Entity-relationship Diagram:
49
Figure 9: This Figure shows the Entity-relationship diagram for the website for tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia which has data type information.
CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION
6.1
Discussion
6.2
Conclusion
50
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APPENDIX: Glossary
53