Community Nursing 3

Communicable Disease and infectious disease.

Sexually Transmitted Disease and HIV/AIDS.

Read chapter20 and 21 of the class textbook and review the attached Power Point Presentations. Also view the attached YouTube video about PrEP/Truvada to prevent HIV.  Once completed answer the following questions;

1. Discuss the school vaccination requirements in your state.  Which vaccines are available that are not required? Why are they not required? How does your state differ from other states? Have there been any recent changes in vaccination requirements? How do students feel about the possibility of including the HPV vaccine as a requirement for school? What are the pros and cons?
2. What has led to the increase in MRSA transmission in the community? What are some of the challenges in addressing this problem in the community? How is it often identified and how can it be passed in communities?
3. Discuss why there is no “typical” STI patient. Why does the presence of an STI greatly increase the risk of HIV transmission?
4. Based on what you saw in the YouTube presentation, do you think that PrEP/Truvada it is effective in preventing HIV/AIDS.

As stated in the syllabus present your assignment in an APA format word document Arial 12 font attached to the forum in the discussion board tittle “week 5 discussion questions”. Assignment must contianed at least two evidence based references no older than 5 years.  A minimum of 2 replies to any of your peers sustained with the proper references are required. A minimum of 500 words without count the first and references page are required.

Below you can find the link for the video about PrEP/Truvada

Chapter 21
Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS

Scope of the Problem
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) affect people of all socioeconomic levels, races, ethnicities, genders, ages, and religions.
In the United States more than 65 million people have an STI.

Common STIs
Syphilis
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Herpes simplex virus
Human papillomavirus

Health Consequences of STIs
Cancers
Reproductive health problems
Health consequences for pregnant women and infants
Health consequences for men

HIV/AIDS
Scope of the problem
Populations at risk for HIV/AIDS
Nursing care of families with HIV

STIs and the U.S
Healthcare System
Problem of access
Health services
Screening and prevention

The Role of the Community Health Nurse
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
Evaluation

Chapter 20
Communicable and Infectious Disease

Communicable Disease
Early 20th century
Typhoid epidemic
Influenza
1930s–1940s
Tuberculosis (TB)
Penicillin
1950s
Penicillin began to lose effectiveness
1970s
Legionnaires’ disease, Lyme disease, toxic shock, Ebola
1980s
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
21st Century
TB, influenza, Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), avian flu, hantavirus

Transmission of Infectious Agents
Three modes of transmission
Direct, indirect, airborne
Chain of infection
Agent
Pathogenicity
Virulence
Reservoir
Colonization
Incubation period
Period of infectivity
Zoonoses

Transmission of Infectious Agents (cont.)
Routes of Infection
Direct transmission
Transfer of an infectious agent from one infected host or reservoir to a portal of entry in the new host
Indirect transmission
Vector-borne transmission
Mechanical
Biological
Fomites
Airborne transmission
Droplet

Susceptibility Versus Immunity
Susceptibility
Immunity
Acquired immunity
Active humoral immunity
Passive immunity
Herd immunity

Communicable Disease Prevention
Three factors:
Removal, elimination, or containment of the cause of infection
Disruption and blockage of the chain of disease transmission
Protection of the susceptible population from infection and disease

Communicable Disease Prevention (cont.)
Primary prevention
Isolation
Quarantine
Segregation
Personal surveillance
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention

Control of Diseases
Vaccine-preventable diseases
Diptheria
Measles
Polio
Influenza
Pneumonia
Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E
Varicella

Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases
Influenza
Healthcare-associated infections
Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
Food-borne diseases
Prevention
Prevention of contamination of food
Prevention of growth of pathogens
Prevention of the spread and survival of pathogens

Food-Borne Diseases
Result of:
Insufficient cooking of food
Preparation of food too many hours before it is eaten
Use of contaminated raw food
Cross-contamination where food is prepared
Food preparation by infected persons
Nurses’ role in prevention:
Know what to look for when purchasing food
Proper storage of food
Good hand-washing, clean utensils and surfaces for food preparation
Proper cooking techniques

Common Food-Borne Diseases
Campylobacteriosis
Listeriosis
Salmonellosis
Escherichia coli

Vector-Borne Diseases
Lyme disease
Malaria
West Nile virus
Zoonoses
Hantavirus
Avian influenza
Pet diseases
Cat scratch fever
Rabies

Vector-Borne Diseases (cont.)
Parasitic diseases
Helminths
Pinworm
Roundworm
Hookworm
Protozoans
Giardiasis
Cryptosporidiosis

Bioterrorism
Attacks occur when viruses, bacteria, and other infectious agents are used deliberately to cause illness
Category A
Category B
Category C

HIV/AIDS
Can be transmitted from person to person through unprotected sexual contact with blood or blood products, through sharing needles or razors, and from mother to baby during gestation or the birthing process

Tuberculosis
One of the leading causes of death worldwide
Transmitted by droplets
Symptoms
Fatigue
Weight loss
Fever
Chills
Night sweats
HIV/TB connection