Culture in nursing ( Powerpoint 11 to 15 slides needed)

Topic :   People of Korean Heritage. People of Mexican Heritage

PowerPoint presentation. Preparation for the presentation will include synthesizing the information from assigned readings, the scientific literature, Internet resources, and other sources.

This presentation should address the following: History, values and worldview, language and communication patterns, art and other expressive forms, norms and rules, lifestyle characteristics, relationship patterns, rituals, degree of assimilation or marginalization from mainstream society, and health behaviors and practices. In addition to describing the these characteristics, the presentation must include (a) a comparative and contrast analysis of common characteristics and distinguishing traits between the groups,(and (b) a discussion of differential approaches needed by health care professionals. 

By: Faanda Desir

NUR 3655—Culture in Nursing Practice

Professor: Eddie Cruz, RN MSN

BSN HC 0517

Culture and Socio-culture groups

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Haitians are people who are living in Haiti. Their ancestors were slaves from Africa and were taken to the nation by Spaniards (Laguerre, 2016).
In the 1790s, the slaves decided to revolt against the French colonies and they fled to American seaports.
The immigrants were very determined to survive in the new land, United States of America.
African-Americans are particular ethnic group of Americans who are totally of partially having an ancestry from the Black racial group in Africa.
Most of them descended from the enslaved Africans (Fatma et al., 2013).
African Americans is the third largest ethnic group in United States of America after White Americans and Latino Americans.
History
Black-Americans
Haitian Heritage

African-American history is the part of American history that looks at the African-American or Black American ethnic groups in the United States.
According to the United States Census of 1990, there were about 290,000 people who claimed Haitian ancestry.
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This is the reason why they are called the Haitian Americans (Jackson, Maurice & Jacqueline, 2013).
The history of the Black Americans starts when people from West Africa were being taken as slaves to Spanish America in the 17th century.
Some of them were freed after the Civil war in 1865.
History cont.
Black-Americans
Haitian Heritage

Most African Americans are the descendants of Africans forcibly brought to and held captive in the United States from 1555 to 1865.
It was then that the black populace of the island revolted against slavery and there was a panicked exodus.
3

The Haitian American have strong belief in their homeland culture and traditions.
They believe that illness are from supernatural origin and they are caused by angry spirits (Laguerre, 2016).
A Haitian American family is supposed to provide a niche that would allow their descendants practice cultural continuity.
The distinct identity of African-American culture is rooted in the historical experience of the African-American people.
The culture is both distinct and enormously influential on American culture as a whole.
The Culture of African American people is majorly rooted in the Central and West Africa (Wizdom, 2012).
Values and worldview
Black-Americans
Haitian Heritage

Elaborate rituals and ceremonies were a significant part of African Americans’ ancestral culture. Many West African societies traditionally believed that spirits dwelled in their surrounding nature.
Through the medium of the family, which influences the behaviors of Haitian American family members through the mechanism of socialization.
4

Haitian Americans speak three languages; French, English and Creole.
A great number of them speak only Creole.
This is a language which developed when the Africans slaves were taken from various places to Caribbean island (Jackson, Maurice & Jacqueline, 2013).
They interacted with each other and with the Europeans.
The hardships African American people passed through during the time slavery made them have various patterns of language.
This was due to the intentionally mixing of the Africans who spoke different African languages.
The slave owners were doing this to discourage any form of communication other than English.
African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is a variety of the American English language closely associated with the speech African Americans (Fatma et al., 2013).
Language and communication patterns
Black-Americans
Haitian Heritage

Generations of hardships imposed on the African-American community created distinctive language patterns.
The term Creole derives from the Portuguese word “crioulo” meaning an individual of European ancestry who was born and reared abroad.
5

The Haitian arts are strongly rooted with the African traditions (Laguerre, 2016).
The arts are also influenced with the indigenous Americans and European aesthetic and religious influences.
Most Haitian American children go through schools of painting to acquire the skills left by their ancestors.
A cultural explosion done by the Black Arts Movements in 1960s made the African American people come up with their own culture of attire.
The elements they used to built their own dressing mode come from both the modern fashion and the West African traditional clothing
This led to a unique African American traditional style.
Art and other expressive forms
Black-Americans
Haitian Heritage

These festive woven patterns, which exist in numerous varieties, were originally made by the Ashanti and Ewe peoples of Ghana and Togo.
Such schools are like the Cap-Haïtien school, which features depictions of daily life in the city and the Jacmel School, which reflects the steep mountains and bays of that coastal town.
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The Haitian American families are supposed to spend their leisure time within their own families and visit their friends and relatives in the weekends.
Visitors are supposed to be warmed by offering them food and drink (Jackson, Maurice & Jacqueline, 2013).
Crime like murder is illegal and a great offence in the society and its penalty is death.
In most cases, the social norms of African American people go hand in hand with the religious rules.
After every festivals, games, sports, and dances, sacrifices are supposed to be made.
Their customary laws also back their social norms. This culture has strongly been built in the foundation of strong moral consideration.
Norms and rules
Black-Americans
Haitian Heritage

These activities are carried out by the society because they are seen to be necessary.
Immigrants were able to retain some of their cultural heritage and develop an awareness of their ethnic legacy.
7

The marital relationships among the urban and rural lower classes was plasaj.
Plasaj was a traditional common-law applied to all unions in Haiti (Jackson, Maurice & Jacqueline, 2013).
However, the plasaj arrangement is not recognized by the United States.
Most Black-American people are very committed in their relationship.
They practice monogamous patterns in their relationships.
The strong commitment in their romantic relations is propelled by the trust and respect they have.
Relationship patterns
Black-Americans
Haitian Heritage

However, many African American adolescents living in urban areas have poor access to health care; this, compounded with sexual risk behaviors.
In Haitian Heritage, man and woman often make an explicit agreement about their economic relationship at the beginning of the marriage.
8

Beliefs in health care greatly differ among the Haitian Americans.
Most immigrants from the rural parts of America usually do not rely on the physicians but on folk healers (Laguerre, 2016).
On the other hand, the immigrants living in the urban areas rely on the physicians and other professional health care providers.
African Americans have poor self-rated health (SRH).
Their consumption of fruits and vegetables and involvement in the physical activities is very low (Wizdom, 2012).
Black-Americans health characteristic and behaviors always worsen with declining SRH.
Big percentage of their population have chronic health conditions.
Health behaviors and practices
Black-Americans
Haitian Heritage

Self-reported health is generally accepted as a useful indicator of individuals’ perceptions of their overall health status.
Those who have not attained legal status in the United States rely on health care that is readily available to them such as home remedies and family recommendations.
9

Comparative analysis of the common characteristics
The two groups have a revolutionary history. The African American people can tell their history during the time of colonies. The same way, Haitian Americans can tell theirs.
Both Black-Americans and Haitian Americans recognize the importance of religion and tradition in their culture.
In both groups, the artistic culture like paintings, dance, literature, music among others is greatly observed and practiced (Wizdom, 2012).
Both Black-Americans and Haitian Americans have history of slavery. Horrific history of slavery is a tragic thing the two groups share.

The two groups have a lot of things in common since it is assumed that their great ancestors were brothers, they were all Africans.
10

Contrast analysis of the common characteristics
Currently, African American people have lost their culture and origin due to lot interaction with the White Americans while the Haitian American have maintained their culture regardless of their surroundings.
Most African Americans seek medical help or health care from physicians while most Haitian Americans seek medical provision from folk healers (Fatma et al., 2013).
Haitian Heritage allows polygamy while most African Americans respect and have commitment in their marriage relationships thereby practice monogamy.

Since the Haitians Americans are still in touch with their tradition, most of them who come from the rural side of the country do believe in medical professionals and physicians.
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Differential approaches needed by health care professionals
There are major elements that are needed to accurately access health problems (Laguerre, 2016).
First is the symptoms that are associated with each disorder; are they acute symptoms, potential drug-related problems or chronic diseases.
Second specific type of diagnostic criteria. This an be a list of all possible conditions which can cause sore in the throat or other condition associated with throat.
The third and most important is the patient’s history. The published medical literature greatly supports the old adage (Jackson, Maurice & Jacqueline, 2013).

Regardless of profession, the processes taught and used for identification of clinical problems are almost identical, with small differences in terminology, focus, and structure.
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Reference
Jackson, Maurice, and Jacqueline Bacon, eds. African Americans and the Haitian revolution: selected essays and historical documents. Routledge, 2013.
Laguerre, Michel S. Diasporic Citizenship: Haitian Americans in Transnational America. Springer, 2016.
Fatma, Huffman G., et al. “Perceived stress and self-rated health of Haitian and African Americans with and without Type 2 diabetes.” Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 18.3 (2013): 198.
Hammond, Wizdom Powell. “Taking it like a man: Masculine role norms as moderators of the racial discrimination–depressive symptoms association among African American men.” American Journal of Public Health 102.S2 (2012): S232-S241.