Business Reseaarch Paper

Project 1: How Would the Philosophers Handle the Situation? (20%)

In the first assignment, you have the opportunity to gain a better understanding of how to identify different types of ethical dilemmas that occur within business, apply ethical theories to solve dilemmas, and after comparing the results, take a critical stance of determining a theorist who can best address the dilemmas presented in the case scenario.

Read the Case Scenario

Ang Lee owns and operates a well-respected online tutoring firm, Tutoring University (TU). The firm was started in 1996 by a group of Johns Hopkins University college students who wanted to make extra money to help defray their school costs. Originally, students offered their services to only Hopkins students.  Lee sought out the best students in every field at the University and created a team of students that encompassed every major offered by the school. The tutors charged hourly fees. The service proved to be very successful. The student tutors who started with the company were able to pay most of their college expenses by offering tutoring. 

From the outset TU established a code of conduct for its employees.  The code’s underlying principle was that all employees were expected to live up to the traditions of a tutor, namely;

• Tutors are individuals who provide private instruction, coaching, or mentoring to one student or to a small group of students. 
• The role of the tutor is to help the student to learn, think critically, and problem solve on their own.
• Tutors take steps to help the student understand that learning is a process that requires acts of reading, listening, comprehending, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation.  
• Tutors would never agree to do the work for the student. 
• Tutors would never encourage the student to cheat by creating materials that would be presented as the student’s own work or create templates that answered an assessment with little to no work from a student.

Upon graduation in 2000, Lee decided to partner with one of the student tutors, Josh Jenkins.  Jenkins was a business school graduate.  The partners initially expanded the business by setting up tutoring services at other universities across the country. TU became well known and its tutoring services were recommended by the NCAA for teams in the association. The business had $10 million in gross sales by 2004.  Riding high on success, and recognizing the growth of online education, Lee and Jenkins decided it was time to expand the business by offering services to students taking online courses.  

Once the partners established services for students taking online courses, in 2005, the partners once again sought to expand the business by looking into tutoring students for the standard testing programs used by college and university admission boards.  By 2010, the company had increased its gross sales to $20 million and by 2013, the company boasted $35 million in gross sales.  

Although TU’s online tutoring market experienced significant growth, the industry saw many new entrants into the marketplace.  Companies such as Course Hero, Homework Market, and Chegg began to offer tutoring services.  The business model of these companies include several features that TU did not offer.  First, students have access to a document and quiz repository and secondly, students are able to purchase or exchange quizzes or papers from the repository for a fee.  Lastly, students could solicit the assistance of tutor by paying them to enter an online classroom to complete the required discussions and assessments.  

Lee and Jenkins recognized the potential growth for TU, especially since the popularity of these organizations were growing exponentially.  In an effort to compete with the market trend, Lee and Jenkins decided to move the company forward by adding the following services to its model:

• A repository of term papers, flash cards, projects, PowerPoints, videos and exams created by the tutors that can be purchased by students.
• A repository of term papers, projects, PowerPoints, and exams created by the students that can purchased by other students looking for help on current assessments.
• All purchases will earn points that the students can use toward future services.
• A subscription to a citation machine that will perform all academic in-text citation and reference formatting for the student.
• Tutors for hire (these tutors would offer services to write papers for a price per page or for approximately $500, enter an online classroom taking the place of the student completing all graded assessments).

Shortly after the new model was rolled out, the Marketing Department came out with a promotion of the new services called “Let Us Do Your Homework for you.”   Television and radio commercials entice students to purchase the papers, videos, etc. by telling customers that the product would be customized to the assignment requirements. 

Further, some of the services are advertised as being less costly since many of the papers are written by students submitting his or her work into the repository.  Tutoring services are marketed as top quality individuals knowledgeable in many disciplines.  One commercial features a tutor seated at a computer working while the student is at home watching the TV. 

Spencer Tracy, a former tutor and Director of Tutors is worried about the promotion and finds the content unethical. Further, he is concerned that this promotion will place the tutors in a compromising position with respect to the expectations of the customer – the student!

Instructions

Step 1:  Write the Introduction 

Create the introductory paragraph.  The introductory paragraph is the first paragraph of the paper and tells a reader the main points covered in the paper.  To help you know how to write an introduction, view this website to learn how to write an introductory paragraph:  

http://www.writing.ucsb.edu/faculty/donelan/intro.html

Step 2:  Answer the following 

• Identify and discuss the two business dilemmas presented in the case scenario.  Identify the facts relied upon to make the selection.  Use the course material to support your reasoning and conclusions.
• Explain the role “Code of Conduct” played in the dilemma selection process. Did the presence of the Code of Conduct create either of the dilemmas? If so why, if not why?
• Identify and discuss the two common ethical issue categories to which each of the business dilemmas belong.  Use the course material to support your reasoning and conclusions.
• State the dilemma in question form and then apply the ethical theories of Rand, Kant and Bentham to answer the question: How would each of these theorists solve the dilemma?  Explain in detail the reasoning and conclusions using the facts from the case scenario, and any additional resources necessary to respond to the answer.

• In a final paragraph, compare the results and select one theorist who would best solve each dilemma.   What this means is that there is one theorist for each dilemma so you will discuss two theorist in total.  Since this last part is reflective of your personal opinion be sure to support the conclusion with the class material and facts from the case scenario.

Step 3:  Review the Paper 

Read the paper to ensure all required elements are present.  Use the grading rubric to ensure that you gain the most points possible for this assignment. 

Proofread the paper for spelling and grammatical issues, and third person writing. 

• Read the paper aloud as a first measure;
• Use the spell and grammar check in Word as a second measure;
• Have someone who has excellent English skills proofread the paper;
• Consider submitting the paper to the Effective Writing Center (EWC).  The EWC will provide 4-6 areas that may need improvement.

Step 4:  Submit the paper in the Assignment Folder (The assignment submitted to the Assignment Folder will be considered the student’s final product and therefore ready for grading by the instructor.  It is incumbent upon the student to verify the assignment is the correct submission.  No exceptions will be considered by the instructor).

How to Set Up the Paper

Create a Word or Rich Text Format (RTF) document that is double-spaced, 12-point font.  The final product will be between 5-6 pages in length excluding the title page and reference page.  Write clearly and concisely.

Completing the Paper 

• Read the grading rubric for the project.  Use the grading rubric while completing the project to ensure all requirements are met that will lead to the highest possible grade.  

• Third person writing is required.  Third person means that there are no words such as “I, me, my, we, or us” (first person writing), nor is there use of “you or your” (second person writing).  If uncertain how to write in the third person, view this link:  http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/first-second-and-third-person.  

• Contractions are not used in business writing, so do not use them.  

• Paraphrase and do not use direct quotation marks.  Paraphrase means you do not use more than four consecutive words from a source document, but put a passage from a source document into your own words and attribute the passage to the source document.  Not using direct quotation marks means that there should be no passages with quotation marks and instead the source material is paraphrased as stated above.  Provide the page or paragraph number when using in-text citations.  Note that a reference within a reference list cannot exist without an associated in-text citation and vice versa.  

• You may not use books as source material. 

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE PROJECT – PAPER ON DIABETES

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EVIDENCE -BASED PRACTICE PROJECT-PAPER ON DIABETES

Evidence- Based Practice Project- Paper on Diabetes

Ishwari Basnet

Grand Canyon University: NRS-410V

February 13th 2016

Evidence -Based practice project- Closed Loop Insulin Delivery System on Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1diabetes is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease with increased morbidity and mortality leading to low quality life and its prevalence is sky-rocketing. Different methods and technology have been implemented to control the diabetes. This paper will describe about the research project which is about treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes with close loop insulin delivery system. A closed-loop insulin delivery system (also known as artificial pancreas) is one of the best therapeutic approaches by the researchers for the control of blood glucose level in type 1 diabetes till now. “The artificial pancreas is a system of integrated devices containing only synthetic materials, which substitutes for a pancreas by sensing plasma glucose concentration, calculating the amount of insulin needed, and then delivering the correct amount of insulin” (Sasi & Elmalki, 2013).

Research and Clinical Findings:

Among the various research articles on diabetes, “Home Use of an Artificial Beta Cell in Type 1 Diabetes” by Thabit et al is a very resourceful paper that was published in The New England Journal of Medicine in 2015. This research paper tests the practicability, efficiency and safety of artificial pancreas in the home settings. It is crossover, randomized controlled studies which included the 58 people of two age group [(6-18 years) – 25 participants & above 18 years- 33 participants] with type 1 diabetes and the duration of the study is 12 weeks. During the tenure of this study, closed-loop insulin delivery system was compared with the sensor-augmented pump therapy; adult group used the closed-loop day and night while the children group used overnight only for 12 weeks while the sensor augmented pump therapy for control group for a similar period. However, continuous glucose-monitoring device (CGMD) has been wore by both study and control group. By the use of CGMD, glucose level ranging 70 to 180 mg per deciliter is considered as the primary end point for adult group and 70 to 145 mg per deciliter for children group (Thabit et al., 2015).

This study illustrates the efficacy of CLIDS over SAP in both adult and children population for controlling blood glucose level. The glucose level was maintained at the target level with the use of CLIDS, in comparison to SAP, during day and night for adults and during night for children. In addition to this, the use of CLIDS resulted in reduced hypoglycemia and it also lowered the mean glycated hemoglobin level in adults during the study period. The use of CLIDS helps the diabetes patients (adults and children) to control glucose level and diminish the burden of hypoglycemia at home under free living condition without supervision (Thabit et al., 2015).

Significance of the Study in Diabetes and Nursing Practice

Diabetic patients before 1920s were confined to lead a poor quality life and a shortened life span due to the lack of treatment options. However, with the advancement in diabetes technology (insulin therapy and modern insulin regimens), diabetic patients have begin to lead a quality of life with improved care (Hay, 2010). Furthermore, to overcome the different drawbacks and challenges with the intensive insulin therapy, to enhance the blood glucose control, hypoglycemia prevention, postprandial control and to maintain a standard life style including exercises, closed-loop insulin delivery system is introduced (Thabit & Hovorka, 2012). This research paper is very important as the CLIDS used by type 1 diabetic patients in free living home settings without supervision has been efficiently working with the reduction of risk of hypoglycemia. Moreover, Young children are susceptible to the effects of neuroglycopenia such as seizures, which are related to hypoglycemia when they sleep. Thus, overnight closed-loop delivery helps to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia in children.

With the increase in diabetes cases, nurses have a key role as specialists or as part of general care to play in the prevention, treatment and management of diabetes. Diabetes causes many complications such as kidney, eye and nerve problems. Therefore, its control and management is very crucial. Screening for the early diagnosis of diabetes, recommendation of patients to respective doctors for treatment, help patients to achieve therapeutic goal and evaluate the further long-term complications are some of the major responsibilities of nurses. This paper concludes that “extended use of a closed-loop system at home over a period of 12 weeks during free daily living without close supervision is feasible in adults, children, and adolescents with type 1 diabetes” (Thabit et al., 2015). And this result helps in nursing practice by recommending CLIDS over SAP and it may also help in educating patients about the efficacy of CLIDS which may lead to improved quality of life.

To conclude, this paper brings a radical change in the treatment of Type I diabetic patients which will ultimately improve the lifestyle of patients.

References

Hay, K. E., (2010). The roles of open loop insulin delivery system and the artificial pancreas in diabetes treatment. Master’s and Doctoral Projects. Paper 328.

http://utdr.utoledo.edu/graduate-projects/328

Sasi, A., & Elmalki, M. (2013). Design and Analysis of a Sliding Table Controller for Diabetes. ICA, 04(03), 301-308.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ica.2013.43035

Thabit, H., & Hovorka, R. (2012). Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery in Type 1 Diabetes. Endocrinology And Metabolism Clinics Of North America, 41(1), 105-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2011.12.003

Thabit, H., Tauschmann, M., Allen, J., Leelarathna, L., Hartnell, S., & Wilinska, M. et al. (2015). Home Use of an Artificial Beta Cell in Type 1 Diabetes. New England Journal Of Medicine, 373(22), 2129-2140.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1509351