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SPSS Assignment
4
Questions:
1
) Briefly describe a research situation that would call for a chi-square analysis. Be sure to explain each variable and the possible values of each variable.
An example of a Chi-Square study would be valuable is to see if there are alterations between male and female college learners concerning key selections and fields of learning Business and Psychology. The null theory would be:
N
o difference between male and female college learners exists between their choice in taking quantitative vs. qualitative possible courses. Gender and Courses are clear-cut, which is perfect for a Chi-Square. My study concerning the variances between learner’s choices of extracurricular accomplishments would also be perfect for a Chi-Square.
2a) Generate a cross table of Infant_Attachment and Education.
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Case Processing Summary |
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|
Cases |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Valid |
Missing |
Total |
|||||||||||||||
| N |
Percent |
||||||||||||||||
|
Attachment style when measured as infant * Education obtained |
7 5 |
10 0.0% |
0 | 0.0% |
|
Attachment style when measured as infant * Education obtained Cross tabulation |
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|
Count |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Education obtained | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
High School |
Undergraduate Degree |
Graduate Degree |
||||||||||||||||||
| Attachment style when measured as infant |
Secure |
5 |
1 8 |
15 |
3 8 |
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|
Anxious |
9 |
7 | 3 |
19 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Avoidant |
6 |
11 |
1 | |||||||||||||||||
|
20 |
36 |
2b) From these results, which group attachment style seems to be most related with obtaining high levels of education?
Constructed on the outcomes above, in the cross tabularization of attachment styles and education level, the group attachment style that seems to be most connected with elevated levels of education is secure. Total secure participants were
38
, followed by anxious at 19 and avoidant with 18. Secure attachment, however is usually linked with undergraduate and graduate degree achievement. As seen in the above chart, regarding graduate degree, the order of achievement is secure, 15; anxious, 3; and avoidant, 1. Following, with undergraduate degree, is secure, 18; avoidant, 11; and anxious, 7. High school is most shared with Anxious, 9, shadowed by avoidant, 6 and secure, 5. The most shared degree acquired was undergraduate, 36, shadowed by high school, 20 and graduate degree, 19.
3a) Conduct a chi-square test to see if Infant_Attachment and Education are independent from one another.
|
Chi-Square Tests |
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|
Value |
df |
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) |
||||||||||||||
|
Pearson Chi-Square |
13 .556 |
4 |
.009 |
|||||||||||||
|
Likelihood Ratio |
14.522 |
.006 |
||||||||||||||
|
Linear-by-Linear Association |
8.731 |
.003 |
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|
N of Valid Cases |
3b) Write up the results of this test in APA style. Be sure to explicitly state whether or not the two variables are independent. Use the “Chi-square tests of independence” section of
this website
for guidance.
There was not a significant relationship between the level of education and attachment style,
X2 (4, n=74) =13.54, p<.04. More secure attachment was however, associated with higher educational achievment.
Secure attachment individuals obtain graduate degrees significantly more often than did avoidant attachment individuals, X2 (1) =8.72, n=76, p<.06.
Learners who had a secure attachment style were more likely to achieve higher levels of education compared to those with anxious or avoidant attachment styles. (X2 = 14.51, N = 76, p < .06).
4a) Run the chi-square again, but this time add sex as a layer.
|
Attachment style when measured as infant * Education obtained * Sex |
|
Attachment style when measured as infant * Education obtained * Sex Cross tabulation |
|||||||
| Sex | |||||||
|
Male |
2 | 8 | |||||
| 13 |
33 |
||||||
|
Female |
23 |
||||||
| 10 |
42 |
||||||
|
14.229b |
.007 |
|
15.379 |
.004 |
|
5.777 |
.016 |
|
3.423c |
.490 |
|
3.622 |
.460 |
|
3.186 |
.074 |
|
13.556a |
|
|
a. 3 cells (33.1%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.57. |
|
|
b. 7 cells (77.8%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.92. |
|
|
c. 6 cells (66.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.72 |
4b) Based on these results, does the relationship between Infant_Attachment and Education hold for both males and females? How do you know?
Based on the outcomes, I would say these outcomes do not hold for both females and males. Males have been known to have a lower relationship between attachment style and education level, in comparison to females. Males seem to stay roughly the same regardless of style, while females surged, in regards to attachment style. I know this just by looking at the chart, and seeing the levels of education regarding the attachment levels and gender of learners. Females were associated with higher academic degrees such as undergraduate and graduate level, while males were associated with lower academic degrees such as high school. Although males did obtain degrees they were associated with female learners.
SPSS ASSIGNMENT 4 2
SPSS ASSIGNMENT 4 2
SPSS Assignment 4
Sandy Pennington
Capella University
Running head: SPSS ASSIGNMENT 4 1
SPSS Assignment 4
