internship report

 

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I need  report in a professional style of writing. that show what I have learn in the internship.

the intern ship was in the ministry if information in the management of transmitter engineering department.

my major in mechanical engineering. there for the report should be related to mechanical. 

as you can see in the attached file you will find in formation about the report.

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the generators are diesel generators.

the report should be in word document file in English.

Winter2018

School of Engineering

Internship Program

Assignment 1: (Value 30%) Due Date: _11 January 2018_

Work Term Report

Your assignment is to prepare a Work Term reflection report. This report should include what was learned from your internship experience to date, and how well your educational program prepared you. Provide a thoughtful reflection on the course work, skills and abilities you have learned.


Required:

The format and content of the work term report is described below:

Cover Page: The cover page of your work term report should contain the following information, your name, email, student number, title i.e. “Work Term Report”, work term time period, name of supervisor and location.

Location: Summarize where your work term was conducted and where your particular work group fits into the overall organization. Clearly describe the company and general goal of your work group.

Job Responsibilities: Describe your responsibilities during your work term. What are the duties, tasks or major projects you are working on?

Some points to reflect on in this section include:

· Did the tasks you were asked to perform give you a broader understanding of your specialization?

· Were your tasks the tasks you expected to perform? If not, was this a good or a disappointing experience? Why?

· Did you find the job easy to adjust to? Why or why not?

The Learning: You are expected to summarize what you have learned during your work term experience.

Points to consider include:

· What duties and activities did you expect to learn from your internship?

· Did you expect to use more or less of what you learned?

· What courses prepared you most for your internship?

· What was the most important thing you learned so far?

· What was the most surprising or disappointing thing you learned?

· What, if anything, could you have done more to enrich your work experience?

· What, if anything, could your employer have done more to enrich your work experience?

· Did the work term experience affirm your planned career path? Why?

Skills and Knowledge: Describe the skills and knowledge required to fulfil your work term responsibilities. Discuss how your knowledge base and personal skill set evolved during your work term experiences. Explain how your new knowledge and skills are relevant to your academic studies and future goals.

Outcomes: Describe your work term achievements. Give examples of these accomplishments.

Conclusion: The conclusion should include a brief description of the impact your participation in the internship program has had on you personally, academically and professionally.

This process is designed to capture your insights into the transition from classroom to internship. The final report will be a continuation of the first report. We encourage you to be candid in your observations and comments as these reports will
not be
shared with your internship supervisor.

Length: The entire report should be 3 – 5 pages in length.

Marks will be assigned for:

· Over all flow/content of the report and written communications

· Critical analysis of the internship

· Synthesis and application of what you have learned in your Degree Program at ACK

· Grammar and Mechanics

Submission Deadline: Date: _11 January 2018_ via Moodle and Hand in a hard copy to your instructor during your feedback session.

Name:

0 – 3 Mark 3 – 5 Marks 6 – 9 Marks 10 Marks

Errors in spelling, punctuation, word
usage, or grammar interfere with
understandability.

Errors exist in spelling, punctuation,
word usage, or grammar making the
report unprofessional.

Very few, minor errors exist in
spelling, punctuation, word usage, or
grammar.

No errors exist in spelling,
punctuation, word usage, or
grammar.

Use of acronyms or abbreviations
interferes with understandability.

Acronyms or abbreviations are
overused and make the report
unprofessional.

Acronyms are used sparingly and
only when appropriate.

Acronyms are used sparingly and
only when appropriate.
0 – 3 Mark 3 – 5 Marks 6 – 9 Marks 10 Marks

Sentences and paragraphs are
incomplete, rambling, or awkward.

Sentences and paragraphs are
constructed correctly.

Sentences and paragraphs are
purposeful and concise.

Sentences and paragraphs are
purposeful and concise.

Transitions that would help the
reader follow the progression from
one idea to the next are lacking.

Transitions are sometimes missing,
forced, or artificial.

Transitions smoothly: connects each
idea to the next.

Unnecessary words are eliminated,
resulting in the most concise
response possible.

Ideas and points are disconnected;
main points are difficult to identify.

Report is logically organized, but
some key points are difficult to
identify.

Report is logically organized and key
points are clearly stated.

Overly long sentences and
paragraphs are avoided.

Transitions smoothly: connects each
idea to the next.
Report is logically organized and key
points are clearly stated.

0 – 3 Marks 4 -6 Marks 7-10 Marks
Required formatting is not followed
(e.g. cover page, length, headings)

Required formatting is followed. Required formatting is followed.

Inconsistent formatting throughout
the report.

Additional formatting features are
used, but could be used more
effectively to enhance readability.

Additional formatting is used
effectively, making the document
easy to read and helping to convey
meaning.

0 – 3 Marks 4 -6 Marks 7-10 Marks
Language used is unprofessional
(e.g. offensive, overly familiar, or
too casual)

Language used is generally
professional, but some
unprofessional statements are made.

Language used is professional.

Grade (out of 100):

Spelling, Punctuation,
Word Usage, and

Grammar

Sentences,
Paragraphs, and

Organization

Formatting

Tone

0 – 3 Marks 4 -6 Marks 7-10 Marks
Does not clearly and concisely
describe the location, how the work
group fits the organization and, the
company.

Describes the location, how the work
group fits the organization and, the
company, but could be more
articulate and concise.

Clearly and concisely describes the
location, how the work group fits the
organization and, the company.

0 – 4 Marks 5 -7 Marks 8 – 10 Marks

Primarily describes how duties were
performed.

Describes job duties with too much
detail.

Describes job duties clearly and
concisely.

Does not mention how the job
impacted the understanding of the
student’s major.

Mentions the job’s impact on the
understanding of the student’s major,
without adequately explaining how
the impact was made.

Clearly and concisely states the job’s
impact on the understanding of the
student’s major and specifically
explains the factors contributing to
the impact.

Does not mention whether the tasks
performed were expected.

Mentions whether the tasks
performed were expected, but
provides little refection on the
experience.

States whether the tasks performed
were expected and includes
thoughtful reflection on the
experience.

Does not mention whether the job
was easy to adjust to or not.

Acknowledges whether the job was
easy (or not) to adjust to, without
providing specific reasons for the
conclusion.

States whether the job was easy (or
not) to adjust to and provides
specific reasons for the conclusion.

Does not assess training aspect of
job.

Briefly provides an assessment of the
training process and possible
improvements.

Fully provides an assessment of the
training process and reflects on
possible improvements.

0 – 4 Marks 5 -7 Marks 8 – 10 Marks

Most learning objectives are not
specifically addressed.

Most learning objectives are
specifically addressed.

All learning objectives are
specifically addressed.

Little explanation on what
contributed to the success or failure
of meeting the learning objectives.

Some explanation on what
contributed to the success or failure
of meeting the learning objectives.

Thorough and reflective
explanations on what contributed to
the success or failure of meeting the
learning objectives (job
responsibilities, training, experience,
education and temperament).

No assessment on whether the
learning objectives were appropriate
and realistic.

Assessment is provided on whether
the learning objectives were
appropriate and realistic, with little
reflection on contributing factors.

Assessment is provided on whether
the learning objectives were
appropriate and realistic, with good
reflection on contributing factors.

Location

Job Responsibilities

Learning Objectives

0 – 4 Marks 5 -7 Marks 8 – 10 Marks
Does not discuss how the what the
student could have done to enrich
his/her work experience.

Briefly describes what the student
could have done to enrich his/her
work experience.

Specifically describes what the
student could have done more to
enrich the work experience.

Does not discuss how the what the
employer could have done to enrich
student work experience.

Briefly discusses what the employer
could have done to enrich student
work experience.

Discusses what the employer could
have done more to enrich the work
experience.

Does not discuss how the work term
will impact the student’s career path.

Briefly describes how the work term
will impact student’s career path.

Specifically describes how the work
term will impact the student’s career
path.

Discusses what could be done to
ensure a better fit between the
student’s job and major.

Discusses what could be done to
ensure a better fit between the
student’s job and major.

0 – 4 Marks 5 -7 Marks 8 – 10 Marks
Shows no or little evidence of deep
reflection to link:

Sometimes shows evidence of
reflection to link:

Consistently shows evidence of deep
reflection to link:

– classroom education with the
work experience.

– classroom education with the
work experience.
– classroom education with the
work experience.

– work experience to the student’s
major.

– work experience to the student’s
major.
– work experience to the student’s
major.

– work experience to future
studies.

– work experience to future
studies.
– work experience to future
studies.

Contemplates a limited scope of
factors as useful in assessing what
has been learned.

Contemplates what was learned that
was not related to the student’s
major.

Deeply reflects on what was learned
that was not related to the student’s
major.

Provides little evidence of personal
growth.

Provides some evidence of personal
growth.

Provides significant evidence of
personal growth and reflects on its
impact in future studies and jobs.

0 – 3 Marks 4 -6 Marks 7-10 Marks
Does not describe work term
acheivements.

Briefly describes work term
acheivements.

Specifically describes work term
acheivements.

Does not provide examples of
accomplishments.

Provides brief examples of
accomplishments.

Provides significant examples of
accomplishments.

0 – 3 Marks 4 -6 Marks 7-10 Marks
Does not describe the impact the
internship program has had on the
student:

Describes the impact the internship
program has had on the student:

Clearly and concisely describes the
impact the internship program has
had on the student:

– personally. – personally. – personally.
– academically. – academically. – academically.
– professionally. – professionally. – professionally.

Points made are repetitive and/or
could be more concise.

Skills and Knowledge

Conclusion

The Position and Fit

Outcomes

Page

1

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:

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ATS (7. &’ا� !;.

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Page

8

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Page

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Page

10

2LT1 , LT- ز.0 ا��� ل @:O � � ت

<�a0 أ*�a م Eأن .� ن ا�� O�U�� 7$1 �&*( -� ن ذات ��ا��L+ 16&ات ا���U+ة و

)FULLY REDUNDUNT SYSTEM (

O:@LT1 ا�: �’*\ )+&16 ا2ر3 ل ا�’:�>. “! �=>.�ة ;*:� ( .’� – ز.0 آ ;1 ا2�� ل � ��&16
& LT2 ز ا� ا]7 �ـ ا�’ ز.0 أن .� ن ا�=� !; O@وى و.�ا
‘� �LTI 7[ + 7.�� g� O:@

LT2.

j�_� ل وآ�#:

O:@ 7[ +LT2 ٣و��.:g 5:� ر�� O:@ 7[ +LT1 ١ا�H:� ر��

O:@ 7[ +LT2 ٤و��.:g 5:� ر�� O:@ 7[ +LT1 ٢ا�H:� ر��

�8u ل ل :+# ��ل – ز.0 أ ة ا2ر3<�aت أ � � O:@LT.

LT 2

AVR

2
AVR
4
AVR
6
AVR
8

C
H

2
4

T

X


A

C
H

9

T
X

A

C
H

1
1

T
X

A

C
H

3
9

T
X

A

LT 1

AVR
1
AVR
3
AVR
5
AVR
7
C
H
2
4
T
X


B

C
H

9
T
X

B

C
H
1
1
T
X

B

C
H
3
9
T
X

B

�! أ��8ة��5��! أ��8ة إر�9ل ��5� !:
���

Page

11

LT1ا��� ل @:O ا�: �1

2LTا��� ل @:O ا�: �1

CONDENSER

UNIT 1

A

CONDENSER

UNIT 2A

SPARE

SPARE

SPARE

CONDENSER

UNIT 1

CONDENSER

UNIT 2

B

D/G 1

COTROL

AVR 5

AVR 3

CHILLER 1

CHILLER 2

M C C 1

AVR 1

AVR 7

SPARE

M.S.B 4

CONDENSER
UNIT 1A
CONDENSER
UNIT 2A

SPARE SPARE

SPARE

CONDENSER

UNIT 1;

CONDENSER
UNIT 2B

D/G 1
COTROL

AVR 5

AVR 3

CHILLER 1

CHILLER 2

M C C 1

AVR 1

AVR 7

SPARE
M.S.B 4

و”�ات �>�7!
ا,”��ل

Page

12

1._� BUS BAR+/ �5ة �*( .lدي ذ�BUS BAR ,:’� j��7 +\ أي 2 .’� – ]*7 أو –
;! ا�&�7 و.’� ا�’ ]*h.�W \@ 7 و��ة – ]*7 8 ]1 ذات )short circuit(@�� ��وث

: !وه�:&� .1 1أ3 3* +� ” ت

CIRCUIT BREAKER ..1 +\ ز ��’ ;*� � دة ا�&�7 )OVER CURRENT(

EARTH LEAKAGE ء إ”_ار ب ا�����! وإ@6�
)BUZZ(��* س ا�’

PHASE FAILUER RELAY 1+Y3 \+ آ�i’:�3-phases.

1._� ا��� ل -�آ*e و��ة –

@:PHASE FAILUER RELAY Oو 7EARTH LEAKAGE أ�Wاف * ].’� –
Kا !- Lار ا�_”BUZZ O:@ وSHUNT TRIP !;CB ء @\ ا�&�7 آ� 7 ا�����L��

.��3ى -�L*:* ;! ا��
� ا�� ص ��وا$� ا�’&��

BUS

BAR

=#> =#> =#> =#>
ا��”�ةا��”�ةا��”�ةا��”�ة

VOTT

METER

3-Phase

C B

EARTH

LEAKAGE

N

آ��? �’>�7! ا�%�?

PFR

Page

13

�*�ة � ��&16Lل ا� ��1 ا�._� M.S.Bو� � ت –

�*�ة +#7 اJK ءة +\ � �1 Lل ا� ��1 ا�._�- �’. 2LT إ Oدي ا�l. j�5ة �ن ذ� م زد+/ �
وآDB ( \+ 1@ �=+ 7( – ز.0 ]�*�ة ا�: �1 و�_�j .’� -=�*0 ه_X ا��� ل أو2 ;! � �1

DBs 1*
�_.’� +\ � �1 ;�@*1 ر$*- �’.main sub board ـ� و.�+> ��M.S.B �a .و
1U&16 @�د أر��� � ! +��� ‘� و- زع آ.

LT 1

MSB 4

LT 2

MSB 3

MSB 2

MSB 1

DB – 13

DB – 13 A

DB – G

إ@�رة

إ9’�ا”!

+ ا������9

� ا;

DB – 12

DB – 9

DB – 11

DB – 8

DB – 6

DB – 7

! ا����ل�A

!���@�����! أ”��ل ��5� !���@�����! أ”��ل ��5� !���@�����! أ”��ل ��5� !���@�����! أ”��ل ��5���BCت ا����ل ��BCت ا����ل ��BCت ا����ل ��BCت ا����ل : : : : –––– CRANE ––––
AIR COMPRESSORS –––– ت ا���ء�BC���BCت ا���ء ��BCت ا���ء ��BCت ا���ء –––– DIESEL

CONTROLLER

DB –

10

DB – A

DB – u))))UPS((((

DB –

CCD

::::إ@�رة إ@�رة إ@�رة إ@�رة

AVR –

AHU —-
!��D !��D !��D !��D

––––ا;ر�9ل ا;ر�9ل ا;ر�9ل ا;ر�9ل
CCD- —-
– – – – ا���ج ا���ج ا���ج ا���ج

––––ا���Bزن ا���Bزن ا���Bزن ا���Bزن
! ا�����ن�Aن�ا���� !
�Aن�ا���� !
�Aن�ا���� !
�A

DB – 2

DB – 1

DB – 3

DB – 4

DB – 5

::::إ@�رة إ@�رة إ@�رة إ@�رة

���G ا;دارة���G ا;دارة���G ا;دارة���G ا;دارة

ا��ور ا;ول ا��ور ا;ول ا��ور ا;ول ا��ور ا;ول
ا��ور ا��ور ا��ور ا��ور ––––

H)ا;ر H)ا;ر H)ا;ر H)ا;ر

ا;(�ءة ا;(�ءة ا;(�ءة ا;(�ءة + + + +
––––ا��Bر�8! ا��Bر�8! ا��Bر�8! ا��Bر�8!

I��%إ@7ار ا�I��%إ@7ار ا�I��%إ@7ار ا�I��%إ@7ار ا�

J’�UPS �>�7! ��8ز �

MSB2 ج�> ?D�� JK

UPS ه7ا G#� DB

Page

14

DB-�آ*e � �1 ا�’ ز.0

3 PHASES + NUTRAL

J&0 اM@�رة

J&0POWER

EARTH
LEAKAGE

H8ر�> N���
�#’�O� ?�D”��ل

Page

15

e*ا�’�آ:


��. h�
�*\ +’� DB \*:bآ� � ���3 ا�� Oا�: –

� ا2″ رة ) ١(�)٢ ( �
�Power .

�_.1 ا�: �1 �ـ – �’.3-PHASE + NUTERAL .

�_ي ا��
� ا2ول دا$�ة ا2″ رة و.�_ي ا��
� ا�# “! دا$�ة ا�ـ . )*� \*�
� O1 ا�._�
� ا�’��-
Power.

�_.1 دا$�ة ا2″ رة +\ Y8ل – �’.earth leakage */
” 1U�-�+ 1�*� ذو)MA 300 (

�_.1 دا$�ة – �’.power لY8 \+earth leakage 1� )30MA(ذو �*�1 +���

/e أن دوا$� � jوذ�power e/
electrical shock-� ن أآ#� �68ا @:O �* ة ا2″
ن و-
.2″� ;! +’� ول ا�*� أآ#� +\ ا2″ رة

�_.�U�earth leakage 1 و��ة ا�ـ – �’.3-phases Oا� ) bus bar ( e*آ�- �’. )*� �*�[
+\ أ@:O:@ g:*[ – �’. O ا��� ا2��� وا�_ي .:*O:@ g اCB �b ��[2ا�� ا0W �&*( أول

.ا�زرق وه�_ا وذ�h*�&’� j – ازن ا2�� ل

.�:’ ز.O:@ 0 ا2�� ل neutral O:@ g:*[ – �’. connectorا��� ا�����! ا��’U دل

h.�W \@ � 3’��ام � ./ ت +�U”*1 اU’3K g�@ 1J � أو DB.��\ – ]*7 ا��� ا2رOJ أ.
!J2ر � ��� 1 �:[ +.

:+Y�1E ه +1

.+� e=.CB 7�&:� 1/3 أن -� ن �*�1 ا�ـ

+\ e=.1mm2 أن -� ن أ�6 ر اY32ك ا��
‘��+1 +’� 1/3 +0 ا�&�Y+ 0+ 7�1E أن آ7
7�&’. j:
�1 +�06 ا�+5 amps !ا� �رة و 1 ا2″� �3.5;! amps ل ذات ��0 ا2+

)inductive or capacitive loads. (

Page

16

وأ�� �� �aDBsول �iر� م وأ+ آ\ � � ت

DB # ن ر ا����L+
1._� ا��� ل ا�’

DB1 ا2دارة ا��ور ا2ول O�/+ MSB-1
,L” ءة Jا2دارة ا��ور إ O�/+

ا2ول

DB2 ا2دارة ا��ور O�/+ا2ول MSB-1 ,L” ءة Jا2دارة ا��ور إ O�/+
ا2ول

DB3 j*” �*ور15 ا�� MSB-1 16&�:� 1*aر ءة ا�� JKا +
ا� ر15 ا��*� “*�*1

DB4 j*” �*ور15 ا�� MSB-1 � ءة ا���� Jا2دارة ا��ور إ O�/�
!Jا2ر+FIRE

ALARM

DB5 ا2دارة ا��ور O�/+
+� -e ا��ور ا2رMSB-1 !J رJ!ا2

DB6 ت ا��.>ل آ*� 1 +;�x MSB-2 1;�x ءة JإAHU

DB7 ل 1 ا2ر3� [ MSB-2 ءة Jل إ 1 ا2ر3� [

DB8 ل 1 ا2ر3� [ MSB-2 ءة Jل إ 1 ا2ر3� [

DB9 ل 1 ا2ر3� [ MSB-2 ن � ت ا�� �1 � ._�-

DB10 ا���>ن ��+ MSB-2 ءة J1 + +�1�6 ا���>ن إ;�x AVR +1*”ا� ر15 ا��2’�و
DB11 ت ا��.>ل آ*� 1 +;�x MSB-3 ت ا��.>ل آ*� ت + ��+ 1._�-

DB12 ت ا��.>ل آ*� 1 +;�x MSB-3 ءة Jت ا��.>ل إ آ*� 1 +;�x +
x� 1;LT

DB13 �.ا��� O�/ا�� MSB-2 ءة Jا���.� إ O�/ا��

DB13A �.ا��� O�/ا�� MSB-2 ءة Jا���.� إ O�/ا��

DB G \+21 ا;�x)1ا�/ ا�( MSB-2 ءة J1 ا2+\ إ;�x)1ا�/ ا�(

DB
CCD

CCD MSB-2 1;���_.1 أ�� ل �-CCD

DB U 1;�xAVR MSB-2
و��U+ �Uات ا�6 ارئ إJ ءة

ا2ر3 ل ا�� +1

DB A ل 1 ا2ر3� [ MSB-2 1 ا�/�ج._�-

Page

17

ircuitsM.C.C(motor control c(� � ت

�*7 ا��&�آ ت ا����1 �*( أ”� H’� <ت +�آ �ا�: X_ه �/'U- 1*� 'ا� ا��>ا. �; -:

)١ ( ��=� 7*�H’*( .’� ��أ ا��ت ا��/*�ة 7 ا��’�رج �:�&�آ*�H’م ��أ ا� E” ت �ا�: X_ه �; –
����+)240V (�a gU/’. O:@415(� أV (م E�� U/- 7*�H’ا� STAR-DELTA )Y –

▲ . (

+\ + آ*�1 إ�O أ�8ى ) q*’- )Automatic change over ه_X ا�: � ت ا�’& ل ا�’:� $! ) ٢(
ا��
| � !;AHU7 \@ 1� �76U- 1 ا2و�O أو ا”�6 ع ا����� ء @�� ;}ذا -Y#+ r:6U ا�� آ*�1

وا�q*&[ s�U وآ_�AHU7′ j.’� ا2″‘� ل -:� $* ا�O ا�� آ*�g ا�/�.:VHF 1-/�.� +&6 ت
AHU8 , AHU8’
.1�UHF @\ -/�.� +&6 ت lوا��

�*7 ا��’U رض �*\ ا���Uات �*( Interlock \��. 2 – ;� ا�: � ت “E م )٣(H’0 ا����
�*7 آ7 +\ H-chilled water pump1,2 0+ r� ا� s�” !;chilled water pump3,4

�� و-:, ا�H:�ات � .�*( .lدي ذ�K jر-� ع ا�

)٤ ( 0*�a O:@ ت �7 ا�: �’H-contactors O:@ 7�’H- j�_ت وآ 7 ا��&�آ*�H’� 1[ ا��
. 7�U.relay system �ـ E”control م

1E�Y+ : –

�_.1 ا�: �1 – �’.MCC1 \+LT1 163ا �MCCB 400A .

�_.1 ا�: �1 – �’.MCC2 \+LT2 163ا �MCCB 400A .

Page

18

e*و3 ف .’� �5ح -�آ \+ �U�� :ا� X_ته .1 “!;! “� ا�# �
.ا��

M . C . C. 1

OFF ON TRIP

STOP ON

CH.W

PUMP-1

CH.W

PUMP-2

GEN.1

SUPPLY

FAN

GEN.1
SUPPLY
FAN

AHU 1

DUTY

AHU 2

DUTY

AHU 3

DUTY
AHU 3

DUCT

HEATER

SPARE
SPARE
SPARE
SPARE

AHU 6

DUTY

AHU 5

DUTY

AHU 7

DUTY

AHU 8

DUTY

A A A

V
SLECTOR

SWITCH

Income

A ن�و�’� J�%’ا� �Pذج ,”� دوا��@

� :

Meter + selector switch

Circuit breaker

?�

?�

Page

19

O:@ ل ��2 ول ��aMCC1 :

CHILLED WATER PUMP 1 1
CHILLED WATER PUMP 2 2
DIESEL GENERATOR 1 SUPPLY FAN 3
DIESEL GENERATOR 1 EXTRACT FAN 4
AIR HANDLING UNIT 1 (DUTY) 5
AIR HANDLING UNIT 2 (DUTY) 5
AIR HANDLING UNIT 3 (DUTY) 7
AIR HANDLING UNIT 5 (DUTY) 8
AIR HANDLING UNIT 6 (DUTY) 9
AIR HANDLING UNIT 7 (DUTY) 10
AIR HANDLING UNIT 8 (DUTY) 11
AIR HANDLING UNIT 3 DUCT HEATER 12

O:@ ل ��2 ول ��aMCC2 :

CHILLED WATER PUMP 3 1
CHILLED WATER PUMP 4 2
DIESEL GENERATOR 2 SUPPLY FAN 3
DIESEL GENERATOR 2 EXTRACT FAN 4
AIR HANDLING UNIT 4 5
AIR HANDLING UNIT 2 ( STAND-BY) 5
AIR HANDLING UNIT 12 7
AIR HANDLING UNIT 5 ( STAND-BY) 8
AIR HANDLING UNIT 6 ( STAND-BY) 9
AIR HANDLING UNIT 7 ( STAND-BY) 10
AIR HANDLING UNIT 8 ( STAND-BY) 11
AIR HANDLING UNIT 4 DUCT HEATER 12

� ����ت �� ��
����و���� ���ن ا����� �� ا�&��� ا ا�%$#�ز�� ا������ء ���
�� و
‘(
.��ف ����ول (,د 01 دوا.� ا�� �# آ�,ر�* (

********”� .1 ا��
� ا�ول************************* *********

Page

20

ا��
� ا�# “!

دوا$� ا�’&�� ا�����!

:+� ” ت دوا$� ا�’&�� -١

– Circuit breaker

Relay

– Timer
– Phase failure

relay

– Earth leakage relay
– Contactor
– Auxiliary

contact

– Over load
– 7*�H’ا� q*- �+ )start ( و )stop (
– Indication lamps

.’&�� آ���! ا�دوا$� -٢

Page

21

ELECTRICAL COMPONENT

)+� ” ت آ���*1(

: ه!��� ” ت آ���*5 1 1U$ ا32’��ام ;! ا�: � ت ا�����*1 ودوا$� ا�’&�� ا

). Circuit breaker. ( ا�� ا0W ا�����*1 -١

٢- Relay

٣-Time

r

٤- Phase failure relay

٥- Earth leakage relay

٦- Contactor

٧- Auxiliary

contact

٨- Over load

٩- 7*�H’ا� q*- �+ )start ( و )stop (

١٠- Indication lamps

و”�Eا �ه�*1 ه_X ا��� ” ت +\ �*( أ”� -U’/� ا� ��ات ا�3 3*1 �/� ء دوا$� ا�’&�� ا�����!
ف “�Hح ه_X ا��U \+ �[��E” )*.1 @�:� وآ*, -7�U وآ*, .�+> �� ;! ا��وا$� ;

.ا�����*1

Page

22

): Circuit breaker. ( ا�� ا0W ا�����*1 -١

�*�ة ) )single phase� 0W آ���! أ� دي �’ �*1;! ا�L رة اLل ا� ��م +0 ا2��’
وه .
�O +#7 ا2″ رة. g�=� ��L� ا�E”)miniature circuit breaker ( ـ� �L’�- أو

MCB.

:ا�’�آ*e ا��ا8:!

.g/H ;! -�آ*/g ا���’ ح ا�����! ا�U دي +\ �*( أ”b 7*[ – 16�” O:@ 7�’H. g �’1 ��8 ل
.ا�’* ر وأ�8ى ���وج ا�’* ر � JK ;1 ا�s+Y- 16�” O +’&�آq’�� 1 وإYxق ا���’ ح

Fixed contact

Moving

contact

?�

��0CB! ا�ــ

��
H ا��وا�P ا������!
H ا��وا�P ا������!
H ا��وا�P ا������!
H ا��وا�P ا������! circuit breakerر�� ر�� ر�� ر

Fixed contact

Page

23

و.� ا��7L @\ ا���’ ح ا�����! �}+� “*1 �06 ا�’* ر ; را إذا زاد @\ �� +CB \*U .�’ ز و
j.�&’�Moving contact 1@�
: �i�� و3*:’*\ ا�O ا��:, �

O3′: ا2و� زدواج ا�&�اري ��Kام ا� )bimetallic strip (

) electromagnet( ا���� s*W ا�����! ا��:, إ3’��ام: ا�# “*1

‘��م “E م ا�ـ circuit breakerو;! ا�L رة ا�’ �*1 .electromagnet ر ا�’* ��. )*�
Oا��ا78 ا�circuit breaker ة � �b \+و !
*W ��
! ;* �� += ل +*W ��+\ Y8ل +:, +

1U6� ب_a �’*; \*U+ �� O7 ا�L- أن O1 ا�*
*W �� a_ب وآ:� زاد ا�’* ر ا�� ر زادت ا�� ة ا��
�1U6 ا�’s+Y ا��’&�آ1

/e -& ل ا�ـ . �+ ,:�:�
CB 0Jو Oا�Trip .

��’+�3-phase circuit

breaker ث/

K

� !���5�

�#G ا�’�ازي و�%�ث !#�’� WXا�0
tripا�ـ �
H “�ل ز��دة ا�’��ر

�ا���Sات ا�%� ا��&��ح �#G أى
. ا�Z/ث

. �B’&�3-phaseم �’>�7! ا,”��ل

3-phase circuit breaker

Page

24

Molded case circuit

)MCCB(

‘��م ه_ا ا�� ع �’�_.1 ا��� ل ا��/*�ة �*( . �a �: � ت .MLTB �*��1�:’�+
�_.1 ا2�� ل ا��/*�ة’�.

1*
:MLTBأ+#:�U/� 1 ا2�� ل � �: � ت ا��$*

M.C.CB ا�&�7 @�د
400A ٤ AVR 1 , 2 , 7 ,8
400A ٤ M.S.B 1,2,3,4
400A ٤ CHILLER 1,2,3,4
400A ٢ M.C.C 1 , 2
150A ٤ AVR 3 ,4 , 5 , 6

– 7�’Hا�” اع ا��/*�ة O:@ 0Wا�� ا \+OPTIONS 7#+ 1*; Jإ:

– (SHUNT TRIP)
� +:, آ���! دا78 aMCCB .7L; 1*” �+إ q*’ MCCB �*x ب 3/�OVER

CURRENT .
– AUXILARY CONTACT)(

Oوه

CONTACT

0Jة -/*\ و�@
+MCCB )*� \+ON OR OFF)(
.و-
���م ;! دوا$� ا�’&��

. Remote indicationأ.� ;! دوا$� و-
���م

. �*\ ا��a>ة O;interlock @�7 ��م ‘و-

Page

25

🙁 ACB )AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER

‘��م .ACB ل ا��/*�ة ��ا +0 ا2�a

:و.�’ ز � ��L $€ ا�’ �*1

�j و ا�’�آ*eا��3 �1 –
و) over current(ا�&� ا�@:O �:’* ر ���ا�/TRIP CIRCUIT 1+>ود �� رت –

. EARTH LEAKAGEا��’
�ب �oرض ا�’* ر
�*:g � ا163 -H- \��.ATS ��&- م E” أو أي.
– O:@ ي ‘&.BUSH BATTONS م E”7 ا�*�وي و*�H’:�INTERLOCK .
– O:@ g’آ�� !; ��’U. g”{; 7Lا ;! ا�’ ]*7 وا���a 0.�3 ي ��٢! .� ن .

)SPRING ( \&5 �’.ن و &H+)SPRING ( ا163 + – ر آ���! دا8:! أو �
!aر ا�*�وي ا�� \&Hا163 ذراع ا� �.

�*’g ��_ا ا�32 – �-AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER **�’� \@ X<ى .'� �8أ" ع أo+ ه r.<� �OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER 7*�H'ارة ا�����*1 ا��ا8:*1 @�� ا��Hو+1 ا� ��� 7Lوا��.

AIR CIRCIT BREAKER

ACB

ا���ويذ%Rراع ا�

?�

%Rا� !��”

TRIP

CIRCUIT

Nوا�’�آ� \Sذراع ا�

Page

26

٢ :Relay

:+\ +=� @’*\ +\ ا�a>اء Relay .’� ن

) .+0 . ي b �g’ ووا��ة +’&�آcontact 1 ٢@�د ( contacts +=� @1 ا�ـ –
! �=_ب -*W ��+ ,:+ contact 1ا��’&�آ.

1 ���16 ا�’s+Y ا�# �’7�U. 2CONTACT 1 -� ن RELAY@��+ .� ن +Y+ 1ا��’&�آ
.وذ�7U�� j � ة a_ب ا�* ي ) O:@ \*�)NC ا�*

! أ� ى +\ � ة ا��H � ا163 *W ��@��+ .�� -* ر ;! ا��:, +\ Y8ل أ�Wا;iH�. g += ل +
1 ���16 ا�’s+Y ا�# �’O:@ 1 ا�* CONTACTا�* ي ;”&�ك +Y+ 1را��’&�آ
)NO (

_a ة �7 U�� jوذ� !
*W �� .ب ا��= ل ا��

.;! ا��وا$� ا�����*RELAY 1ر+>

أو ا��:,

NO NC

Contact

]’��K)normally close(

NC
Contact

]’��K)normally open(

NO

Contact

�’%�آ!

COMMON

أ�Xاف
ا��#=

?�D�� اف�XأContact

ا��Bرج�

.

� @�ة -#/*r 8 ]1 �’ ]*7 أ�Wا;g � ��ا$�ة ا�����*1

COMMON

NC

NO

?�D�’اف ا��Xأ

Page

27

. contacts+\ أآ#� +\ +=� @1 +\
1�*� g*:@ 7=
.volt g� ص ا��.

� @�ة -#/*r 8 ]1 �’ ]*7 أ�Wا;g � ��ا$�ة ا�����*1

SPRING )ي��(

ا��#=

?�D�’أ9/ك ا�

@23 ا�’��D? ا��Bر�8!

?�D�’اف ا��Xأ

�0��ة

) Relay(أa>اء

:+Y�E ت

+\ أآ#� +\ +=� @relay \+ 1.’� ن –
– ,:+relay 1�*� g*:@ 7=
.
– 7��relay 1*ا$�ة ا������� � g;ا�W]1 �’ ]*7 أ 8 r*/#- ة�@ �

RELAR G#� b�Z�

Page

28

1*[ 8Holding :

�� @:O +�’ ح �./�7�U.start O و@��;’q +�’ ح relay;}ن start;! ه_ا ا���3 @�� ا�
relay 0Jو !;ON \+ ى_�ا�� ]:O:@ 1 ا�’ ازي +0 +�’ ح ��أ �no contactن ا��:, .’

7*�H’ا� O�
– 1*:�Uا� X_وهholding 7$ 3 � q*’- )*� ا ;! دوا$� ا���’�ول�a وه! +�*�ة
�� @:O +�’ ح ��*7 إ2 � �H’دة ا� @{� q�
.startا�&� .1 أن -�7L ا���’�ول و2 .

:+# ل

CONTROL VOLT

N

COIL OF RELAR

NORMALLY OPEN CONTACT OF THE RELAY START

CONTROL VOLT

High pressure

switch

J9ا�� H
ا�+�? ��اrelay !c9ا����3? ���أ

�S’�ح G#� 2

. I��Xholding ا�ـ

��S@relay ?�

compressor ����� !آ���� H
.

إذا آ�ن (>2 ا�>�ز
H “�ود ا��&��ح �[ �&’��
relay ?�+���.

(‘S�� 2 ا�>�ز<) WS�إذا إر)nc contact ( H high pressure switch ل�و�'%relay Gا�

off ة�’
gذا “�ث وا@fSB (>2 ا�>�ز �+�

gن ncو��دت ?�D�’ا� W)و Gا�relay ;

�S’�ح G#� 2SC��� ;د �#+�? إ�+�start و���� .

Holding

contact

0J7 و.’& ل +\ و�U.off 0Jو Oا�

ا�relay Oو;! ه_X ا�& �1 .’& ل

( timer ا�relay O.’& ل

�*7 وإ�W ء ا��a>ة و+� ” ت ا��ا$�ة ;! H’� \+7 ->ا�U� دوا$� ا���’�ول !;

T

NC

Page

29

,:+ Oر ا�����! ا� 7 ا�’**[ – ��@relay ن{;relay 0J7 و.’& ل +\ و�U.
.offا�on O+\ وrelay 0Jو@�� ;7L ا�’* ر .’& ل

و;! ه_X ا�& �1 .’& ل on.��\ إJ ;1 دا$�ة إ��’�و”*1 ]�*�ة �’8i*� @�:*1 ا�ـ
. (

آ� ه! on@� �*1 ا�ـ +0 -�ك offإذا -� -8i*� @�:*1 ا�ـ

�*7 وإ�W ء ا��a>ة و+� ” ت ا��ا$�ة ;! H’� \+7 ->ا�U� دوا$� ا���’�ول !;

:;! ا��وا$� ا�����*1

T

NO

ا��:,

J’�timer (�2 ا�’�b�0 ا��Bص ���ـ

��اد D>�� أو H
���<'��� timerأ�#G ا�ـ

٣- Timer

,:+ Oر ا�����! ا� 7 ا�’**[ – ��@
on ر .’& ل 7 ا�’*L; ��@و

.��\ إJ ;1 دا$�ة إ��’�و”*1 ]�*�ة �’8i*� @�:*1 ا�ـ
timer )delay o

n

إذا -� -8i*� @�:*1 ا�ـ
delay off . (

‘��م .timer !; ت ا��ا$�ة ة و+� “<�aء ا� �W7 وإ*�H'� \+7 ->ا�U� دوا$� ا���’�ول !;
1�*U+ ت ‘*� -.

;! ا��وا$� ا�����*timer 1ر+> ا�ـ

ا��:,

�’J (�2 ا�’�b�0 ا��Bص ���ـ

��اد D>�� أو H
���<'��� potentiometer) (

T

Page

30

٤- PHASE FAILUER RELAY ( PFR)

� PHASE MONITORING RELAY-3:و.
�O أ.

:+\ PFR \*$

– Relay) -� ن 7 @��+�U.phases-3 Xد a + 1&*&[ ��*�و(

.@: O��X وا�� آphase 7-��3* س �*�1 دا�bة ا��’�و”*1 –

PHASE FAILUER RELAY

�Z? ا��%�آ�ت ) PHASE-3(ا,”��ل ذات
ا���ع�)3-PH INDUCTION MOTOR(

�>��ت �’#= إذا إ@Wc3 أ”� ا���Sات ا�K/Z! أو
!D�> أو ا����دة ��&�! آ���ة i3���� ]’��0

?�

��’+� N�&7ا ا���PFR �Pوا�� H9�9ن أ���

.ا���@’�ول ���Cن 9/�! �R>�? ا,”��ل

�&�ر J’�NO contact إ9’+��ل
�)

�’J إ9’+��ل ا�’R>�? ا�H+��c ��ا�Pة ا�’%�J و
NC contact اث�”Mtrip أوbuzz .

و�phases ?�

relay

3-phases

N

Relay

Common no nc

��
H دوا�P ا���’�ول PFRر :PFR

PFR

Page

31

٥- ELR ) (Earth leakage relay

7�U. ,*آELR

]�� 3 اء = وا�� ر1a +\ ا�&�7 أن +=� ع أو +&L:1 ا�’* رات ا��اELR 1:8;��ة @�7
) . (phases-3أو )phase) singleآ ن ا�&�7 +\ ا�� ع

.ا�’* ر ا�� رج +�g = ا�’* ر ا��اO�U�� : 7�&:� 78 أن

ا������! �#’#= وآ�7\ �’+�ض ا;”��ل
ا���D/ت وا,9/ك ��� �eدي ا�G �&�ب
���ا������ء ا�J&8 G ا���5ز وإ�G ا;رض
�+�ض “��ة ا;@&�ن �#�cB وN�&� �0 ه7ا

ا�’&�ب “�اIP و�&’�N8 ذ�\
�? ا������ء
ا����ر �
�را .

��’+�ELR W�c’&� ا�7ي H9�9,ن ا�ا��� �ه

�&’�Bم
H إآ’�Rف ا�’&�ب ا�����H و��7\
دوا�P ا���@’�ول وآ�
! ��”�ت ا;@�رة

!�و��”�ت ا������ء ������زل ���Cن 9/
?�

�EARTH LEAKAGE Wو”�ة و”�ة و”�ة و”�ة :::: ا���ع ا,ولا���ع ا,ولا���ع ا,ولا���ع ا,ول W� W� W�CIRCUIT
BREAKER #�#�#�#� “�ت ا����زل وا;”��ل ا��>��ة�”�ت ا����زل وا;”��ل ا��>��ة �”�ت ا����زل وا;”��ل ا��>��ة �ت ا����زل وا;”��ل ا��>��ة �”�

H@�Zع ا��و”�ة : ا��

ELR

ا���ع �:PASS THRO

و�&’�Bم �W ا;”��ل ا�����ة
!”�#�MLTP ; “�ة�وا�

WX�0 G#� ?�’R� �k���
ا,ول �#’��ر �Z? ا���ع

)G#�
أن ) ��,���
و��
��A !3��c� ا�’��ر Wc3�

I��

X

�����kة SHUNT

TRIP ص �ـ�Bا�MCCB

Page

32

! +\ Y8ل +:, آ���!) ( ph + neutral-3.�� ا�’* ر ا�����! *W ����* س ا�’bi*� ا��
! = ;}ذا آ “L&+ r:1 ا�’* رات �:’* رات ا�����*1*W ��� ل ]�� ;}ن +&L:1 ا��= ل ا��

.]�� = ]�� و� �’ �! .� ن -* ر ا�&( ا�� 5 � ��:, = ا�Y3ك

�ب آ���! .� ن ا�’* ر ا��ا78 �:&�7 أآ/� +\ ا�� رج و-� ن – Oدي إ�l. 7:8 وث�� ��@
وي ]�� و.’ �� -* ر � ��:, – 2 1*
*W �� .ا��&L:1 ا��

:�i�� Trip \*’�.�Wآ:� ذاد ا�’
�ب .>داد ا�’* ر ا��’ �� ;}ذا و]7 ا� O�� U+*\ .&�ث

. ا�� a د ���s ا� ��ة +/ �5ة 7L; �’.circuit breaker : ا�� ع ا�ول –
��\ ا� ��ة : ا�� ع ا�# “! -‘-relay م ا�ـ��’
– )*�no contact) ( اث��Ktri

p

O:@MCCB(shunt trip).

3-ph ases + neutral

��
H دوا�P ا���’�ول ELRر :ELR ELR

Page

33

٦- Contactor :

g/*آ�-:

e*7 -�آb �.relay )*� \+”و+=� @1 أ !
*W ��و.�’:, gcontact .’� ن +\ +:, +
– :;*� .:! relay@\ ا�ـ

.1bYb إ�b*\ أو ) ا��’&�آcontacts )1@�د –
– 0�L-contact !� @ ر 7 +�ور -*�&’*� j*�3 ن�U+ \+ �U*�a و-� نNormally

open )NO ( .
– Contactor \+ �=� �/أآrelay ��*� ء ����� ل ا��/*�ة � ��1 ا2._�و.
‘��م �’

‘��م .relay دوا$� ا���’�ول !;.

‘��م ��وا$� ��auxiliary contacts �U�contactor \+ 1@ �=+ أ” اع —
.ا���’�ول

:CONTROL;! دوا$� CONTACTORر+>

K OR C

!���5�CONTACTS (NO)

ا��#=

��دة ]� ��و��
������C أوK

G#� !�;�#� Wc3’2 ا��Bا�
����#= COMTACTإر���ط

2 pole contactor

�%�آ�ت ?�

phase

Page

34

:+Y�1E ه +1

أ�a>ة ا2ر3 ل –+&�آ ت آ���*1 –ا�H:� –ا���Uات ا�����*1 ا��/*�ة +#7 ا���� ت
�� W !7 آ�����زا@1 أو أي Kت ا ا�’:*�>. “! و+&6 g”7 � ا163 دا$�ة أ�U.CONTROL

. Y;CONTACTOR �� أن .Y8 \+ 7�Uل

�7 ا�� “‘ آ’ ر CONTROLودا$�ة ا�ـ ;CONTACTOR ��a>ة -Y8 \+ 7�Uل H-
g�� – أو.

ا���رة ��()

Fixed contacts

H آ�@’�آ’�ر ���H ا�’��ر
H
!c%���� م�B’&�و

�%�cت VHF

!���5�CONTACTS
mS�� !ا��’%�آCONTACTOR

I��&ا�

Page

35

٧ – Auxiliary contact

@�ة +\ ) CBوآ_��U�contactors ) j أ” اع + 1@ �=+ ��contacts ة�*�Lا�
و�*control 7*[ – sوه! –
‘�x� 7�Uاض relayا�� ]1 �ـ �+contacts b:1 �:ـ
power ا�ـ X_ف ه�U-ا�&�7 و Oا�contacts ـ�Auxiliary contact .

. ١٤و ١٣وا��X ر��� (auxiliary contact(noأe:x أ” اع ا�� “‘ آ’ ر ��

.@:*� +\ ا�� رج �U�auxiliary contact أ” اع ا�� “‘ آ’ ر .��\ -�آ*e @�د +\

٨- Over load

Auxiliary contact

( 13 , 14 )

!���5�contacts

ا;�9�9!

Auxiliary contact

ا��Bرج��#G ا��@’�آ’�ر Nآ��

G#� Nآ�� high tension contactorه7ا ا���ع

. �c%��UHFت

�� :����وا�P ا������! ����وا�P ا������! ����وا�P ا������! ����وا�P ا������! Auxiliary contactر�� ر�� ر�� ر

:�5�اره� �C�CONTACTف ر�� ا���@’�آ’�ر ا�7ى �’�+[ ا�ـ

K1

Page

36

,:’. �b \+ب و &
-‘�Uض ا��&�آ ت ا�����*1 أ�* ” �@6 ل -lدي إ�O ز. دة ا�’* ر ا��
.ا��&�ك

:و�/7 ا��&�ك آ� � ��j�_�OVER LOAD �U� CONTACTOR �3 .’� – ]*7 و��ة

PH 1 PH 2 PH 3

3-PHASE

MOTOR

K
N

��8�د ��ر���OVER LOAD n’�ز

�#G ا���3! ا��c#��! �#’��ر ]����+��.

( � J’�CONTACT ( NC��D? ا�ـ

�#OVERLOAD Gدا

=#� W� Hا��ا�’ CONTACTOR

?�S�CONTACTOR !��” H

.ز��دة ا�’��ر

OVERLOADو أ��C دا

�8��CONTACT ( NO )
���

CHANG OVERإ9’+����� �+�?

أو إ(�أة ���! إ@7ار

TO

ALARM
CIRCUIT

�� :����وا�P ا������! ����وا�P ا������! ����وا�P ا������! ����وا�P ا������! Over loadر�� ر�� ر�� ر

0/L

Page

37

٩- 7*�H’ا� q*- �+ )start ( و )stop . (

.� �: ن ا�8�� START+�’ ح

0Jو O:@ �$ح .� ن دا ه_ا ا���’OPEN Oل إ� &’. g*:@ ����/�أ CLOSEو�&1E ا�
0J :� د U. �b 7*�H’ا�OPEN g:&+ 7&. )*�)Holding relay ( ا �ن�E” jوذ�

و�*automatic control 0J � sا3’��ار ا�=� ز أو ا�� آ*�1 ;! ا�7�U .� ن -/U ��ا$�ة
7*�H’ح ا� ‘�+.

.� �: ن ا���� STOP+�’ ح

0Jو O:@ �$ح .� ن دا ه_ا ا���’CLOSE ���*’& ل ;@:*g ;! دا$�ة ا�’&�� ا�O أن .’� ا�
Oإ�OPEN 7�U, ا�&�7 @\ ا��ر ا���’�ول ;*’
+ q’�.و.

(���S� START / STOP

.����%���AHU !cآ���ت

INDICATION LAMPS

���*7ر�� ر�� ر�� رH’ح ا� ‘�+ START !ا������ �Pا������! ����وا �Pا������! ����وا �Pا������! ����وا �Pوا����:

�� :����وا�P ا������! ����وا�P ا������! ����وا�P ا������! ����وا�P ا������! STOP+�’ ح ر�� ر�� ر�� ر

Page

38

١٠- Indication lamps )ن ت ا�/* /��(

‘��م ��/ ت ا�/* ن -Indication lamps 1�2�:� j�_ل وآ ��o� 1*:*�H’1 ا�� ا�& q*J ‘�
. OVER LOADأو O:@TRIP – ا;� ا���Lر ا�����! و�:�O:@ 1�2 ��وث أ@6 ل +7#

**********

�� :����وا�P ا������! ����وا�P ا������! ����وا�P ا������! ����وا�P ا������! )��/ ت ا�/* ن( Indication lampsر�� ر�� ر�� ر

Page

39

آ��� $*1 -&�� دوا$� – ٢

.1 ;! ه_ا ا��
� 3 ف .’� إ8* ر و�5ح @�د +\ ا��وا$� ا�����*1 � ��&6

١- 1._� . :�MLTB�CONDENSER UNIT ( 1( و��ة –

�*7 + آ*� ت -٢H’� !�(دوا$� ا�’&�� اAHU 2 , 5 , 6

Page

40

١- 1._� . :�MLTB�CONDENSER UNIT ( 1( و��ة –

=#�
SHUNT-

TRIP

(MCCB)

Auxiliary
contact

SELECTOR

SWITCH

(S-SW )

A

PH1 PH2 PH3 N

ELR

P F R ELR

SH . T. R

ALARM

SIGNAL IN

THE PANEL

TO

CCD

U V W N

1
5
3
4
2

x

6
7
8
9

Fault

10

Page

41

:1 ا���O:@ 1+ 3 ا��ا$�ة دا78 ه_ا ا�7�H :ا��ا$�ة �5ح:
:- �0 ا�ر� م ا��

)ph1 , ph2 ,ph3 + (N \+ 1+د �ا��ا$�ة O78 ا��-bus bar ص �ـ ا��MLTB ��-و
�b -��ج �’�_.1 ا����”
� ;! ] رة آ*/Yb O:@protection ��@ 7ث +�ا�ph 7-3ه_X ا�ــ
) . u v w , n( ا��� ط

1:��+protection )1. �&ا� ( Oا�و�:

)ph1 , ph2 ,ph3 ( \+ ��-contacts ]1 �ـ ث ا��Y#ا� MCCB ر ذا زاد ا�’*{;
1�*� \@MCCB q’��-contacts �
.و.��06 ا�’* ر @\ و��ة ا����”

auxiliaryو shunt tripإJ ;*1 وه! +:, g� 2 options @�د 2MCCB�ƒ أن
contact !ا��ا$�ة وه X_.1 ا��8ى ;! ه ات ا�&���أن و e/
� jوذ� )ELR ,PFR

( 7#+ �
‘6*0 �06 ا�’* ر +\ -:� ء “�- 2 MCCB 76@ د aو +�� أ. ,H’�. +��@و
.shunt trip q’��*;MCCBا�240V ,:+ O;}”� -� م �’ ]*7

e=.MCCB أن .’� ;�� @��+ .� ن shunt tripا�2240V ,:+ O�ƒ أ.� أن – ]*7
0Jو !;ON 1إزا� e=. i�6�. +��@ 240وV ,:+ O:@ \+shunt trip �’. j�_و�

7*[ -240V \+ 1+د ا��ELR أوPFR لY8 \+auxiliary contact ]1 �ـ ا��
MCCB.

� @�� ر�� ا��= دة @�� ر�� 2auxiliary contact�ƒ أن �” Oه .

1:��+protection )1. �&”*1 ) ا� ا�#PFR :

;’� م ��* س ا��*>ات Y8 \+PFRل ;* زات ا�O و��ة ) ph1 , ph2 ,ph3( .�� ;�ع +\
7*�H’� ة��3:*�1 -� م ا� r” ث ;}ذا آY#ا�RELAY q’�*; �� ص ا��NC h:� . NO و.

0J 7 ا�E.ة ;و�*a 1� &� ثY#ا��*>ات ا� r+دا ل + ه_ا ا�& O:@ ا��*>ات ��ث 7:8 ;! أ��ذا {
NCو-��:NO h �’ �q’��- O �ا�� ص �� و RELAY; را ��’PFR q-� م و��ة

.+\ ا��*> ا2��� ا�O ا���240V 16و-�� +\ ��Y8 ا�ـ

1:��+protection )1. �&#1 ) ا�� ا�#ELR :

)ph1 , ph2 ,ph3 ( \+ ا���وج �U�MCCB ة��ل وY8 \+ ��-PASS THRO
(ELR) �8 ��*ف ا� �
*1 �:�6 ط ا2ر��U�N 1U أن .*W ��;}ذا آ “r ا��&L:1 ا��

8
2
6

6 2

3

x 5

Page

42

= ��[ �*� EARTH LEKAGE;�_ا .�U! @�م وa د ) 300maأ�7 +\ (أو ر�� ]
O�/. g*:@وRELAY ة��ص � ا��ELR 0Jو O:@OFF ن �- )*�(NC contact)

1�:� .+�’ �NO contact) 1)و-� ن +

ONا�O وRELAY 0J.’& ل ) 300maأآ#� +\ ( EARTH LEKAGEإذا ��ث
q/L-و(NO contact) ��’; 1�:�+240V 16ا��� Oا� ��Y8 \+ .

) O:@ )PFR / ELR Fault ا���16 “‘*=1 ��وث �p ��@240V ر
:-&�ث 1bYb أ5* ء

ر�� Y8 \+auxiliary contactل shunt tripا�240V ,:+ O-�� : ا2ول
trip q’��-auxiliary contactو��=�د ��وث trip !;MCCB;*&�ث –

7L�-240وV ,:+ \@ shunt trip .

� ء ��/1 ا2″_ار ا���Lاء : ا�# “! -.

�:� @�د ONا�O وRelay R 0J.’& ل ا�ـ : ا�# �( +2(NO contacts) Oم ا2و� �-
1� :� � !- Lة ا2″_ار ا���1 و._�’� )buzzer . (

. CCDو- ]7 �ـ ) remote monitoring( و-
‘��م ا�# “*1

x 4

x
7
6

Page

43

�*7 + آ*� ت ا�’/�.� H-ة ا�’&�� و��وAHU 2 , 5 , 6 ت � :�MCC1,2

R2

R1 C 1

Phase Fire alarm

C11

Local control panel

M.C.C.

PFR
ELR

O/L

Stop

Stop

Start

Remote indication to CCD

Neutral

1
7
6
5
4

3 2

8

C 1

C 1
9

10

11 12

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44

:�5ح ا��ا$�ة

وا�# “! @�� ا���control phase ( 16(دا$�ة ا���’�ول �*\ 68*\ ا�ول دا$� -��3 ) ١(
neutral 7�3� �.

)٢ ( ��.)control phase ( 1� � O:@fire alarm لY8 \+ ��.و(nc contact) .

1� �fire alarm ��relay 7*�H- �’. وث إ”_ار��1 � �آ*�1 -�**, و;! 7 +��relay
06�*�)control phase( h.�&ر ا� H'”إ O:@ �@
– 2 O’� ,� ‘- !� ‘� و� g�*آ ا�� \@.

)٣( ��.)control phase( O:@C11 �*آ ا�� X_أن ه e/
7 و2 .= ز .�� �� 1وا�
��. j�_و� r� ا� s�” !; 7.�/آ*�1 وا� 7 ا��*�H-)control phase( O:@C11 رة وه! @/

\@)nc contact ( ا�ـ !;main contactor 1:.�/آ*�1 ا� آ*�1 ا�/�.:1 �:� 7 ا���U- +��@و
X_ه q’��-)nc contact( 7*�H’� � q�
. �:� آ*�1 ا�82ى و2 –

7�U’
” j�_وآ)nc contact ( \+main contactor g�*آ ا�� X_��C1 1�*آ 7 ا��*�H- 0���
)a + �*x دة ��_ا ا���3 .( ا�/�.:1

r� ا� s�” !; 7�Uز.\ +\ ا� �a 0��- !’ت ا�Y*[ ‘ه_ا ا�� ع +\ ا�
O�
-:ELECTRICAL INTERLOCK .

)٤( ��.)control phase( !.1 وه ��ة <�aث أYb لY8 \+:

} { PFR , ELR , O/L د�@ �bح ٢ ‘�+stop

). remoteو ا�# “! localا2ول (

)٥ ( O:@ ��� (main contactor (C1ا�start ��.)control phase( ,:+ O+�’ ح � �
0Jو Oل ا� &’. )*�on .

Y8 \+ gل C1 7�U�hold.� م )٦(�” O:@)no contact. (

) .nc contact(ا�&��اء ��’�W{�OFF q ء ��/C1 1.� م )٧(

�*C1 1/�� 7.� م )٨(H’�ON قYx{� اء�� ) .no contact(ا��

Trip:

ر � PFR.� م phases-3إذا ��ث 7:8 ;! + q’�)control phase ( 163ا �contact
O:. �+ Y7 آ*�H’� �8u ر
+ Oا� g:. &-آ*�1 و ا�� ,� – e/
:@�� ا���16 +� .

1
2
4

5 6

78

9
11

10

12
5

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.� �:�\ ا��Trip ��[2/1 ا�ـ –
– 7*�H-R1 g�+ م��’
. nc contact ( 7�U�remote alarm(ا�_ي ”

Remote indication:

و.’ �, C1وه_ .
/e أ”O:@C1 0+ 7�U. g ا�’ ازي +2relay(R2) 0�ƒ وa د –
gU+ م و��’
” g�+)nc contact ( O:@ 1�2�:� remote indication OFF) ( .

j�_م وآ��’
” g�+)no contact ( O:@ 1�2�:� remote indication ON) ( .

\*�L” Oا� �
. MCCو 2Local�ƒ أن ا���3 +��

Local:

.-�U! أن ا��� ” ت @:O ا�� آ*�1

:Remote

1� :� �a – ت أن ا��� ” !�U-MCC .

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.ا���’�ول

3

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:)ا��*� “*� (ا��
� ا�# �(

.ا�’/�.� وا�’�**, � ��&�U+ 16ات

:;! ه_ا ا��
� 3 ف “‘� ول ا��� @ ت ا�’ �*1

أ�a>ة ا�’�**,دورة ا�� ز ;!

1�E”أ ,*�L-,**�’ا�

+� ” ت + آ*� ت ا�’�**,

e*آ�-Compressor

و3 $7 ا�&� .1 ا��
‘��+1 �� آ*� ت ا�’�**,

)carrier chiller(و;! ا��� .1 �5ح -�L*:! ��ا$�ة ا�’&��

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47

1+��+:

@:�E” O.1 @:�*1 ه +1 +� ده أن ا�
ا$7 @��+ -‘& ل -U’��’/�.� ا� ت+ آ*��a*0 أ”1�E و
ا�x O زات ;}”� -�’€ آ�*1 آ/*�ة +\ ا�&�ارة +\ ا� �3 ا��&*� �� و.
�O ه_ا ا�’& ل

و.��\ @�7 -=��1 @�:*1 �
*16 إذا ��r ��ش آ�*1 +\ 3 $7 �’& ل + ص �:&�ارة �:� دة
€ آ�*1 +\ ا�&�ارة +\ .�ك و -‘/�� +’6 .� +#7 ا��& ل أو ا�/�>.\ @:O .�ك ;
ف -�’

.و-�UH � �/�ودة

jا$7 ;�� �ن ذ�
‘�� @\ h.�W -/�*� ا�+ �.�/- O:@ ل L&1 2.��\ ا�*:�U*1 ا�� ا�� \+
h:�( 3 ف .
‘�_ف آ�*1 2″� $*1 +\ ا�
ا$7 و�_�e=. j أن -‘� @�:*1 ا�’/�*� ;! �*> +

evaporator ( ر ه_ا ا�/� �*U” �b+ 7$ 3 Oة أ�8ى ا�� Oا2و� \*’:��+ O:@-7#�’ !; 0;ر
�� ا�� ز � ا163 J )compressor ( ,#�+ 78ز دا � ) . condenser( وا�# “*1 -/�.� ا�

:-�U.� ت ه +1

): boiling point( “�16 ا��:* ن

وه_X ا���O:@ ��’U- 16 در1a )�� ر( ��7 3 $7 “�16 ./�أ @��ه ;! ا�’& ل ا�O ا�& �1 ا�� ز.1
7$
�� ا� ا�q63 O:@ 0 ا���� ا�/� ر أو ا�J j�_7 وآ$
.��ارة ا�

�� ◦x 16�” Y#�; =C 100:* ن ا�� ء J ��@) 1Bar ( دي Uا�= ي ا� ��� .ا�

�� ◦x 16�”R22 =C -41:* ن ا�� ز J ��@) 1Bar . (

�� دا78 �;! + آ*� ت ا�’/�.� �: ] ل ا�x 16�” O:* ن ) evaporator( و .’� ا�’&�� � �
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.+0 +�@ ة آ� ءة ا�’/�.� �:�E م ا��6: ب

Refrigerant

x 7#+R22 ز ا���. ن +�آ/ ت ه*�روآ�� “*x 1 �/ ه! ا�� ا$0 ا��
‘��+1 �:’/�.� وه!
)Monochlorofluoromethane, ( ل U’5†� 7� � �*xآ7 و‡- e/
وه x ز x*� 3 م و2 .

�g6 � ا163 ا�� ا�x 3 اء J \��.وReciprocating or centrifugal
compressors $0 ا32’��ام 5 g:U=- 1� .و”�*:x 16 g” ا�����

\+ �a .refrigerant �:’ات ا�’/�.� ا����U+ e3 �’� دة�U’+ ت أ” اع آ*� ت و + aY#1 +#7 ا�
.�*( أ”g ا��
‘��م � ��&R22 16ا�’�**, و3 ف “�’O:@ �L ا�� ز

��� ز ) Color code( .�#7 ا�: ن ا�8:�R22 .

Page

48

16*
:+# ل �� آ*�1 -/�.� �

Evaporator

Condenser

Hot gas at discharge

pressure (HP)

Super heated

gas at suction
pressure (LP)

HP Liquid Low pressure gas

!c�&� ����� !آ���� دورة ا�>�ز دا

R22ا�>�ز ا��&’�Bم

Page

49

;! ا���3 ا�
�h + آ*�1 -/�.� �
*qJ – 16 دورة ا���. ن داE” 78 م ا�’/�.� آ�
!:.:

: (expansion valve )ا�/�ا.1 +\ ) ١(

�q ���ور آ�*1 . )*�7$
�*�ة +\ ا�[ !;

��� ] رة ��6ات ا�O ا��/�� �*( .� ن ا�

*/
+0 – ا;�) 80PSI� ا�! ( +���� ”

jء ذ� �b7 و.’/�� وأ$
�*> �:’��د ;*�:! ا�

.�’€ آ�*1 آ/*�ة +\ ا�&�ارة -U دل ا�&�ارة

�*UL’:� 1�+ ا��)latent heat (jدي ذ�l.و

) .ambient temperature(��/ ط در1a ا�&�ارة � ل ا��/��

ف -�-�0 ��ار-g ; ق ) latent heat(إذا إ+’€ ا�/� ر آ�*1 ��ارة إJ ;*1 ; ق ) ٢(;
O�
و.��\ �* س در1a ��ارة ا�� ز @�� ( super heated gas )در1a ��ارة ا��:* ن و.

thermostatic expansionو- ]*:g �ـ temperature sensorه_X ا���16 � ا163
valve 78دا ����/� ا��evaporator .

.=e إ@ د-g ا�O 3 $7 +�ة b “*1 و�_�COOLING COIL �’. j ا�� ز ا�� رج +\ ) ٣(
��J Oا� g6�J280psi e/
� 7$ 3 Oو��\ 2 .’& ل ا� g-ار��ز و-�-�0 �;*���ˆ ا�

7$
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.+\ ا�6 �1 ا�>ا$�ة ;! ] رة ��ارة +�� دة

)٤ ( Oط ا� �� g=’. �b +�ة أ�8ى ا�O �*( ./�د و.’�#, condenser.�78 ا�� ز ا��
evaporator لY8 \+expansion valve ه_ا O:@ 1�*آ ز دا78 ا�� �و-
‘�� دورة ا�

.ا��� ال

Expansion valve:

‘%! D>��ة �&�)

‘%! D>��ة �&�) ه� ���ر6

‘%! D>��ة �&�) ه� ���ر6

‘%! D>��ة �&�) ه� ���ر6
����ور ���ور ���ور ���ور ه� ���ر6
H
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� ?P�&ا�

H آ��! D>��ة ���/>
� ?P�&ا�

H آ��! D>��ة ���/>
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H آ��! D>��ة ���/>
� ?P�&ا�
�آ��! D>��ة

�5%� �Cم أ��ات و�3�c0 رة�D �5%� �Cم أ��ات و�3�c0 رة�D �5%� �Cم أ��ات و�3�c0 رة�D �5%� �Cم أ��ات و�3�c0 رة�D
]S#> WS�2 ا��� WS�2 ا��� WS�2 ا��� WS�2 ا���2 أ ]�����fSBا�C>2 أ ]�����fSBا�C>2 أ ]����LP (((( N%9 ?+S� N%9 ?+S� N%9 ?+S� N%9 ?+S (((( ا�C>2 أ

compressor ?>د ا�>�ز دا�ز دا�ز دا�ز دا��’� (�&��

Evaporator.

H
P�9? ا���S�ن
H
D�رة رزاز
�Bا��� G3[ ا���X.

���ن

EXPANSSION VALVE

Page

50

1E�Y+ 1+ ه:

. +\ ا���#, ا���� دةآ�*1 ا�&�ارة = evaporatorآ�*1 ا�&�ارة ا���’1L دا78 ا�ـ

{; 1�:�+ 1;�x 78م دا E0 ه_ا ا��J1;}ذا -� و;��أن ا��� ءة �};’�اض 2 -‘�*� ن ��ارة ا�
. % 100= ا�����*E�:� 1 م

.�:7 @�:*1 ا���� ا�&�اري ) condenser(و�_�j ;}ن -�اآ� ا�-��1 وا��Lأ @:O و��ة ا���#,
..lدي ا�s�” O ا��’*=1 وآ_�j أ.� -:, +&�آ ت و+�اوح ا�’/�.�

;! ا���� ا�&�اري ه! در1a ��ارة ا�� اء condenserو+\ ا�U ا+7 ا�’! -�:7 أ.� +\ آ� ءة
.W �1 ;! ا�� اء �و”
/1 ا� ) ambient temperature( ا��&*�

-�7 ا�&�ارة ا���’Y8 \+ 1Lل .’�-O:@ e ذ�j أن condenser\ ;}ذا �:r ا�&�ارة ا���� دة +
evaporator ءة ا�’/�.� �و 7 آ��- !� ‘� .

.و�_�U- j’/� آ� ءة ا����”
� @ +7 ه +’g*:@ ��’U آ� ءة “E م ا�’/�.�

Compressor

Expansion

valve

آ�*1 ا�&�ارة ا�� ر1a= آ�*1 ا�&�ارة ا��ا1:8

Page

51

,*�L- ,*�’ات ا���و

chiller) –split system –(package

:ه! ا��� ” ت ا��$*
*1 �� آ*�1 ا�’�**,

1- Compressor

2- Condenser

3- Cooling coil + expansion valve

4- Cooling fans

:ا�� ع ا�ول

O; ت ا��� ” X_0 آ7 هJو �’.ONE PACKAGE ك آ� /Hات ا�’�**, ا���و jل ذ� و+#
:� ���3 ا�’ �!

Double

shaft motor

Compressor

ه�اء ��رد
!
دا

ه�اء �9< H ا��Bرج

Page

52

(split unit): ا�� ع ا�# “!

)*�\*�
� Oت ا� 1 ا��� “�
:آ �’ �! .’� �

Compressor +
condenser +
cooling fan

O:@ رج أو �� � ��UJو �’.
1:�’
.ا�
O; q6 و��ة +

Cooling coil +
expansion valve

+ blower

��UJدا78 ا���>ل .’� و.

Gas

Liquid line

Page

53

: ا�H:�: ا�� ع ا�# �(

;*’� �chiller’/�.� ا�� اء آ�/�د b ” ي أ+ ;! � �evaporator 1 ;! ا2″ اع ا�
��1 .� م
aheat exchanger>أ +\ evaporator-/�.� + ء �*( .� ن

@�� درر1a ��ارة ) Chilled(و.��ج ا�� ء +/�د ) ◦F 50� ا�!(.�78 ا�*g ا�� ء ا��ا;
).◦F 40� ا�!(� ا�!

أو AHUsرج +\ ا�H:� .’� – ز.O:@ gU @�د +\ ا�� آ*� ت ا�� ء ا��/�د ا��

Air handling unit �.�/’�zone 1�6�+ أو.

Y8Airل آY +\ ا�H:� و+ آ*� ت ) chilled water(ا���3 ا�’ �! . qJ دورة ا��* ة
handling units)( .

Page

54

Comp

1

Comp
2

Comp
4

Comp
3

Chilled

water

pump

Air handling unit 1)(

Water out

3-way valve

Water in

Air handling unit 2)(

��آ���ت W��8 ?�D�� J’�AHU ل/>

3! ��
<2 ا���ء ا���رد وا�&�<��cا� mS��3-WAY VALVE

carrier chiller (:

continuance flow (

Piston compressor (

high pressure ratio .

ا��
‘��م � �H:�ات .��7 إ3’��ام ه_ا ا�� ع +0 ا�� زات ا�= ;1 وه_ا ا�� ع ه

Pressure ratio = ��������
��������

Oil pump

Crank

shaft

�%��A mز

Discharge

Page

55

carrier chiller( ا�H:�+� ” ت

Compressor �@وأ” ا:

compressors :

centrifugal compressors(

‘��م +�و��W 1د +�آ>ي ذات �3@1 دوران @ �*�a 1ا ..

High fluid flow( ) +continuance flow

(reciprocating compressors أو )Piston compressor

‘��م . �xا � h*�&- high pressure ratio إذا آ ن ا��6: به_ا ا�� ع +\ ا�

�7 إ3’��ام ه_ا ا�� ع +0 ا�� زات ا�= ;1 وه_ا ا�� ع ه �.
: �1 ��&16 و-�آ*/g آ� � ���3 ا�’ �*

�������� �� ��
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��

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��



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�%��A mز

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Rotor

Valves and valve plate

Driven p

bض ا����” Sight glass
bى ا����’&� ��ؤ�!

١- �sCompressorا�x أو ا�

�a . compressors ” @ ن +\

centrifugal compressors: (ا2ول

‘��م +�و��W 1د +�آ>ي ذات �3@1 دوران @ �*�a 1ا .

High fluid flow(. ;� ه_ا ا�� ع

reciprocating compressors): ( ا�# “!

‘��م . �xا �ه_ا ا�� ع +\ ا�

�7 إ3’��ام ه_ا ا�� ع +0 ا�� زات ا�= ;1 وه_ا ا�� ع ه �.
� ��&16 و-�آ*/g آ� � ���3 ا�’ �*

���� ��������

��

�� ��������

�%��A mز

Suction

Rotor

Valves and valve plate

Driven pistons

Page

56

:+� ” ت ا���/�.
ر

Connecting rod

Valve plate

Piston

Compressor head

Discharge line

Suction

manifold

Lubricating

oil
Crank case heater

Motor

Part of crank

shaft

Suction valve

Discharge valve

Oil pump

��د �carrier compressor’��ن
�٦ W� 23
9#��ر وJ� �0 ا;آ’�Sء ��J9 وا”�

ا�ـ � .�#’�(�) �8crank shaftأ

Capillary tube

feeding high

pressure switch

in the C.U.

Capillary tube feeding high

pressure switch in the C.U.

Discharge gas

temperature (to

control unit)

(OPS ) Oil pressure

safety switch

Page

57

: و�5COMPRESSOR g:�@ 1�.�Wح +� ” ت

x 1�evaporator ز.1 � د+ +\ ا��/�� ;! � Compressorا�x 78�.R22 O ز ا���. ن
+\ ” �*1 ا��&�ك �’/�.� ا��:� ت h.�W \@suction manifold !; �H’�. �b وا��8 ل .� ن

7 �و;! ه_X ا����:� �:’�. 1 �r.< و.& أa>اء ا���/�.
ر ا���’:�1 -= ., ا���/�.
ر �’/�.�
Oا� r.<آ�*1 +\ ا� gU+pistons Oوا�valves اء

�� ا�� ز � ا163 J 1*�upistons م Eا�� !;)system(reciprocating :

Discharge valve Suction valve

Driving crankshaft

Driven piston

:آ�� ����J9 ا;ول �#G ا��&�ر

– 2���piston �K�%� ?S9أ Gا�vacuum ?>داcylinder .
– (‘S��suction valve ?>ا�>�ز دا W
discharge valveا;c9�ا@! ����� ���ن و���

I#<�.

�#G ا���� H@�Zا� J9���� آ��:

– WS���piston ��Kq’� G#� . Driving crankshaftا�G أ
– I#<��suction valve !@ا�c9;2 دا�ز ا���Bو�discharge line .

Page

58

: pistonأ�b ء ��آvalves 1أوJ ع

: compressorا��� ” ت ا��
‘��+1 �:&� .1 دا78 ا�ـ

١- oil pressure safety switch )OPS . (

�a -oil pump ف�W O:@ crankshaft 1*� ا�� \+free end �’. )*�ف ا3’��ام�W
crankshaft \*� ك ‘��ط ا2 �” r*.<'� r.<:� 1[ 8 ري دا78 += ��*� r.<0 ا�;�*� crankshaft و ا�ـjournal bearing و\*� j�_آcrankshaft وconnecting rod .

�U� r.<ا� ��J ن �.pumping ��J \+ O:@أ ��@ r.<ا� suction pressure .

– �’.[ * 7oil pressure safety switch h.�W \@capillary tubes r.<7 +\ ا��� � ط ��U ا�ـ � . suction pressureر"g � �ـ و.� pumpا��

q’��. g� ح �
�� @\ ا�&� ا��� O�U��(nc أن أ�Wاف OPSإذا ��ث إ”�� ض ;! ا�
contact) q’��-.

:Suction valve

��&�) ��piston�ن �S’�ح وb0 @�ول

���ن �#>�ز ����<�ل�" H discharge

valve I#<�.

:valve Discharge

b0ح و�’S���&�) X piston#�ع���ن
���ن �Bوج�#>�ز ����” H
suction

valve I#<�. Page

59

7�@ 1�.�Woil pressure safety switch )OPS (

٢- Discharge gas temperature (DT)

0Jو �’.sensor Discharge gas temperature 1aس در ر ��*
;! رأس ا���/�.
� ط � .��ارة ا�� ز ��U ا2″

�� ا�� ز J 0�-إر آ:�)Discharge pressure ( ز �آ:� ار-�rU در1a ��ارة ا�
discharge gas temperature 1U�-1 ا�&�ارة ا���aدر �/’U- 1:�ا��� X_ه !�; j�_و�

3 �5l+:�-ار O:@ !/ ���ا�� ز دا78 رأس ا���/�.
ر “‘*=Y#+ 1 آ
� ا�ـ أو إ�’/ سع ا�
valves discharge .

b2 ا���<) ?�0pump

�+� b2 ا���<) pump

Control unit:ا�G و”�ة

��� ا�C>2 ا��+’�د ���ن contact H
!3#<�OPS

(‘S�� 2

b2 ا���<) ?�0pump �+� b2 ا���<) pump Control unit:ا�G و"�ة

DGT

Control unit:ا�G و”�ة

رأس ا������&�ر

��� ا�%�ارة ا�+�د�! ���ن contact H
!3#<�DGT ���و

(‘S�� ]� ح��5وز ا�%�ارة �#%� ا��&��

Page

60

٣- Low pressure and high pressure protection devices

�� ا�� ز +\ ” �*1 -J 7*[ – �’.suction س *�ة ��و Oا�low pressure 78دا
. control unitو��ة

�� ا�� ز +\ ” �*1 -J 7*[ – �’.discharge س *�ة ��و Oا�high pressure
. control unitدا78 و��ة

. capillary tubes.’� ا�’ ]*7 � ا163 –

.�:’ ]*7 ب ا���’�ول LPو normally close contacts \+ 7��HP.’� إ3
‘��ام

COMPRESSOR

HEAD

Suction line

Discharge line

Capillary tubes

Control unit
LP

HP

H
CARRIER CHILLER د�� ?�D�� J’� !c%����٢ COMPRESSOR ازي�ا�’ G#� ?��R’� ة�Pدا
<�ص �[ و�� \�7�COMPRESSOR ]�HP �8و��? وا"� suction manifold����� ���ن ���

�����2HP + 1 LP’�ول ��د � .آ����&�ر ٤ ���دا�Pة ��٢? دا�Pة وا�R#� �’��ن

Page

61

�:H� � 1*; Jة إ *��$7 و3:

Water flow switch

X *ت ا�� ��+ r�� – إذاChilled water pump 7�Uء دا78 @\ ا� ن ا�� , �3.�و-
7�’H. ا��/�د ا�_ي �
�- e/
ف .’=�� ا�� ء ا��&’=> دا78 ا�H:� و.>داد �=�g و.; �:Hا�

O:@evaporator .

e*آ�- �’. j�_و�water flow switch X *ن ا�� آ� +\ �3.i’:� �:Hا� Oء ا� 78 ا���+ O:@
�:Hا� Oا�.

�B’&�NO CONTACT Hم WFS ���9ن ا���ء G#� !�;�#�

WFS

TO CONTROL UNIT

Comp
1

Comp
2

Comp

4

Comp

3
Chilled

water
pump

WATER FLOW SWITCH

Page

62

Low water temperature cutout

:+\ ا����\ أن -���� در1a ��ارة ا�� ء دا78 ا�3o� �:H/ ب ا�’ �*1

– €�”water flow 76U- e/
�pump دىl. �+ ةi�6ات ا���:Hا� s� &+ q’; أو
.���ور a>أ +\ ا�� ء ��

– !; 76@ temperature control unit .
– �/Jtemperature control unit ( TC ) 16 +’�”*1 ;*>داد @�د�” ��@

1:+ Uرات ا�
. ��ون دا@! �_�j ا���/�.
. thermostatic expansion valve@76 �ـ –

low water temperatureو�&� .1 ا�H:� +\ -=�� ا��* X داh.�W \@ g:L; �’. g:8 و��ة
cutout ‘ا163 ا� � �:H1 +\ ا�aر ء ا�� ارة ا����1 aدر s*�- !temperature sensor

\@ 7�- 2 )*&� F) ( 370 .

Page
63

)carrier chiller(دا$�ة ا�’&��

ا�=>أ ا2ول

. ( Phase ( 240V;! ه_ا ا�=>أ .’� -�_.1 ا���’�ول +\

‘��م .CB 1 دا$�ة ا���’�ول. �&�.

�*��CB 7=�د إYxق H’� 1� ‘+ ء ا����� q/L-heaters .

1E�Y+ :7�� ن �3 g� ر
( ;! � �1 � �7�3 �’�;|1 ا���/�.
ر @��+ .� ن heaterآ�/�.
OFF ( لY8 \+ 7�U.وRelay CHR و ا�ـCHR ��3ى ر آ�
..7�U و.�7L +0 ا���/�.

)CH1 ( ن �
. Relay CHR1و.7�U � اcompressor1( 163(ا�� ص �ـ ) heater(ا�

)CH2 ( ن �
. Relay CHR2و.7�U � اcompressor2 ( 163(ا�� ص �ـ ) heater(ا�

)CH3 ( ن �
. Relay CHR1و.7�U � اcompressor3( 163(ا�� ص �ـ ) heater(ا�

)CH4 ( ن �
. Relay CHR1و.7�U � اcompressor4 ( 163(ا�� ص �ـ ) heater(ا�

H
�#�B’&� Gم ه67 ا�+/�! #R#� � ا������! �وا�Pا� !�;�#�) NC contact(

G#� !�;�#� !� )NO contact (و �&’�Bم ه67 ا�+/

Page

64

)carrier chiller(ا�=>أ ا�# “! +\ دا$�ة ا�’&��

�:Hدا$�ة -/�.� .’� ن ا� O�
.+\ “�’+ \*�L b:*\ آ7 +��� .

]1 آ�/�.
ر +’O:@ \*:L ا�’ ازي و��� و��ة -�#*, 8 ٢آ7 دا$�ة -/�.� -‘� ن +\
)condenser unit( 1[ 8 ز x دورة j�_وآ.

Comp1

Comp2

Comp4

Comp3

CONDENSER

UNIT

B
CONDENSER
UNIT
A

Evaporator

Circuit B

Circuit A

Page

65

‘�7 و�_�U-)CIRCUIT (. j’/� آ7 دا$�ة -/�.� + �:5 r” آ � آ��a ر آ�’�ول
+ ��
7�’
. آ� .:! +

).neutral(و.�’�! ��� switchا�� د+240V \+ 1./�أ ا��
ر +\

�CR1 7�Uا�O أن .� م ) RR)recycle relay;! ا�/�ا.1 .� ن +
� ا���’�ول +�:h � ا163
hold g
�” O:@.

O:@ ر
:وه! (compressor 1 , 2)و3 $7 ا�&� .1 8 ]1 �ـ ٦ .H’�7 ا��

(DT1) : discharge gas temperature for compressor1.

(DT2) : discharge gas temperature for compressor2.

(HP1) : high pressure for compressor1.

(HP2) : high pressure for compressor2.

(LP1) : low pressure for (circuit A).

(OPS) : oil pressure safety switch for (circuit A).

)ON(;! و0J آ7 و3 $7 ا�&� .1 ا�
��normally close contacts) ( !; 1@��+ -� ن
..Y�Uن CR1 , CR2;}ن آ7 +\

7*�H- رة إ5comp1,2 \+ 1+د ا��step control لY8 \+ ��-no contact !;CR2
7�@ �/’U. j�_و�CR2 7�U� �5طcompressor 1 , compressor 2 .

7*�H- رة إ5LLS \+ 1+د ا��step control لY8 \+ ��-no contact !;CR1 .

FROM

SWITCH
N

Pص ��ا�Bر ا���’�ول ا��&�وه� ���Circuit A ?K ة �

B Circuit ة�ا��Bص ��ا��P&�ر ا���’�ول

Page

66

)carrier chiller(ا�=>أ ا�# �( +\ دا$�ة ا�’&��

FROM
SWITCH

Page

67

Page

68

�_.1 آ + ت ” �’.Step controller لY8 \+:

Water flow switch ( CWFS)

Low water temperature cut out (LWTC)

Normally open contact in SCR

TO STEP

CONTTROLLLER

��ه� SCR(step control recycle relay ) :

�� �+�? ا�R#� �’%�ك آ���ت ���step control ا�ـ
���د ?��%’�compressors N9��’�

�W در8! ا�%�ارة ا��c#��! و��� إ�SXء ا�G3�� �#R ا�����ت �#G و(+�� و�N5� \�7 إ��د���
!c9ا�ذ�\ � J’و� ?�

H ��ا�! ا�’R>�? �3�م SCR أن Gا� H&�+ا;�6�5 ا� H
�’>�7! ا��%�ك ���’��ر �”%�ك ا�����ت

�Sا�� !c3@ Gا� ?��.

?�� �����step control ل�%’� �Sا�� !c3@ Gا�SCR Gا�ON
� TCو�>7ي ا��%�ك

contact Hوآ�7\ �>7ى step control �240ـV ل/>
�normally open contact

.�’R>�? ا������&�رات

��ه� step control ؟

� !���5�contacts I#<�� ('S�� أو !c9ا��

G#��! آ���ت ��آ�! ��5�driven shaft ?�’�

��

!��� �’%�ك ا�����ت
H إ�6�5 ��3رب ا�&����
I#<��contact J0١ر JK٢ JKتدار وه�7ا وإذا ٣

(‘S�� m�+ا�contact J0٣ر JK٢ JK١ .

?��compressor �8��contact H
step

control ]#�

J’� �#R#� !#>در8! “�ارة ا����6 ا��ا G#����ء
?�

control )TC (

SCR ( NO )

CONTACT

Page

69

h�
-� ن +�ا�carrier chiller( 7(:=>أ ا�# �( +\ دا$�ة ا�’&�� �� ��a ع �:��3 ا�
�*Y8 \+ 7ل H’ا�step control !:. آ�:

)١ (C1 0Jو Oل ا� &’-ON .

)closing the normally open contact( 7 ا�ـ*[ – �’. ��Y8 \+240وV Oا�:

– ,:+relay RR q/L. )*&�ON “!( و.��ج دا$�ة ا���’�ول 0 ا�=>أ ا�#aرا. (
�*Y8 \+CR1(NO) 7ل -H- �’.LLSV1 .
�*7 آY8 \+CR2(NO) \+ Yل -H- �’.)contactor C1 , contactor C1A (

. compressor1ا�phases O-3ا�:_ان .� + ن �’ ]*7
�*Y8 \+CR2(NO) 7ل -H- �’.relay CH1 7L��heater \@compressor1 .
�*7 ا�:�/1 ا�&��اء (Y8 \+CR2(NOل -H- �’.R1 أن O:@ 1ا��ا�compressor1

7�U..

@�ة ( unloaders( U1 ),( U2ا�240V ,:+ Oآ� .’� – ]*7 ��
-{ (C3) , (C4) NC contacts }

Page

70

)٢ (C2 0Jو Oل ا� &’-ON .

)closing the normally open contact ( 7 ا�ـ*[ – �’. ��Y8 \+240وV Oا�:

�*Y8 \+CR3(NO) 7ل -H- �’.LLSV2 .
�*7 آY8 \+CR4(NO) \+ Yل -H- �’.)contactor C3 , contactor C3A (

. compressor3 ا�phases O-3ا�:_ان .� + ن �’ ]*7
�*Y8 \+CR4(NO) 7ل -H- �’.relay CH3 � 7L�heater \@compressor3 .
�*7 ا�:�/1 ا�&��اء (Y8 \+CR4(NOل -H- �’.R3 أن O:@ 1ا��ا�compressor3

7�U..

)٣ (C3 0Jو Oل ا� &’-ON .

06� �’. )*�240V \@U1 7�U. !��compressor1 g’� W 7+ ��.

C3

NO

NC U1

N

240V FROM C1

Page

71

)٤ (C4 0Jو Oل ا� &’-ON .

06� �’. )*�240V \@U2 7�U. !��compressor3 g’� W 7+ ��.

C4

NO

NC U2

N

)٥ (C5 0Jو Oل ا� &’-ON .

)closing the normally open contact ( 7 ا�ـ*[ – �’. ��Y8 \+240وV Oا�:

�*7 آY8 \+CR2(NO) \+ Yل -H- �’.)contactor C2 , contactor C2A (
. compressor2 ا�phases O-3ا�:_ان .� + ن �’ ]*7

�*Y8 \+CR2(NO) 7ل -H- �’.relay CH2 7L��heater \@compressor2 .

�*7 ا�:�/1 ا�&��اء (Y8 \+CR2(NOل H- �’.R2 أن O:@ 1ا��ا�compressor2 7�U..

NO

C5

NC

R2

C2

C2A

CH2

CR2

N

Page

72

)٦ (7C 0Jو Oل ا� &’-ON .

)closing the normally open contact ( 7 ا�ـ*[ – �’. ��Y8 \+240وV Oا�:

�*7 آY8 \+CR4(NO) \+ Yل -H- �’.)contactor C4 , contactor C4A (
. compressor4 ا�phases O-3ا�:_ان .� + ن �’ ]*7

�*Y8 \+CR4(NO) 7ل -H- �’.relay CH4 7L��heater \@compressor4 .

�*7 ا�:�/1 ا�&��اء (Y8 \+CR4(NOل H- �’.R2 أن O:@ 1ا��ا�compressor4 7�U..

C7

NO
NC

R4

C4

C4A

CH4

CR4CS4

N

H
H ه67 ا��ا�Pة ���8 �S’�ح إ(�CS4 H��’آ�� ]’S�… : و

W)و G#�
ON ?�

� ?�

W)و G#�
OFFإذا آ�ن ا��S’�ح � ?�

�8�� �#R��� ح�’S� : ��أ ا�’R>�? و…�S'[ آ��’��MCOMPRESSOR H<'��ر

W)و G#� . R’�COMPRESSOR 3>�? ���أ
g@[ ١إذا آ�ن ا��S’�ح

W)و G#� . R’�COMPRESSOR 1>�? ���أ
g@[ ٢إذا آ�ن ا��S’�ح

W)و G#� . ٢وJ� �0 رJ9 دا�Pة ا���’�ول �#G أ�9س أن �S’�ح ا;<'��ر

Page

73

Liquid line

solenoid valve

(LLS)

�/’U.)solenoid valve ( !ر ا����� $! ;� +>ود ��:, آ���! و@�� +�ور ا�’* آ��� s/&+
! .=_ب ا��:e ا�&�.�ي دا78 *W ��;*��’q و.
�q ���ور ا�
�valve 7$ ��:, .’ �� += ل +

g�Y8 \+ ز � .أو ا�

‘��م .liquid line solenoid valve 0 د8 ل��� �:H� �liquid Oا�evaporator 2ا
..circuit ( 7�U (�� ا���/�.
رات �ـأ� ن ;! � �1 أن .

Hا��#= ا�����

)spring(��ي

ا�N#3 ا�%���ي
Liquid from condenser

To

evaporator

Nآ���liquid line solenoid valve

solenoid valve

Page

74

Unloader ( U )

:ا���/�.
رات ” @ ن

:ا�� ع ا�ول

1@�
�*� ا�
�@1 و.��\ ا�’&�� � �&�7 � ا163 -�**� ا�’+.

: �# “!ا�� ع ا

و;! ه_ا ا�� ع .
‘��م � �&�7 � ا163 -�**� ا�
�@b 1 �r ا�
�@1 �*( 2 و.��\ ا�’&��
unloader ر
.�:’&�� � �&�7 أو ا�
1U ا�’/�.�.1 �:��/�.

Unloader

.� م �}Yxق دورة ا�� ز �i�� رؤوس ا���/�.
ر �’��*� ا�
1U ا�’/�.�.valve 1@/ رة @\
. ا�#:(�:��/�.
ر �& ا�!

‘valve 0+ 7�Uا�ـ ;!.’� ا�’&�� �:� g� H+ !آ��� ,:+ h.�W \@LLSV .

. unloader.’� ->و.� آ7 دا$�ة -/�.� � ��U� �:Hد وا��

�step control ا2unloader 1E3�ƒ إ”g ��ا$�ة ا���’�ول �:H:� .’� – ]*7 ا�’* ر ��:� ت
�*7 وه_ا .�U! أنH’أ ا��� \@ \+ Yآ COMPRESSOR 1 وCOMPRESSOR 3 أ�/.

1��*7 ���رة +���H’66.6(ا�%. (

**************

Page

75

ا��
� ا��ا�0

ا��’�و”* ت

:ا�’ �*1 ��_ا ا��
� 3 ف .’� -� ول ا�� J @ ت

:ا��� ” ت ا�3 3*1 �:�وا$� ا��K’�و”*1 : أو2

.(Capacitors (Cا���#, ا�����! -١

.L) Coil)ا��:, ا�����! -٢

. (Resistor (Rا��� و+1 -٣

٤- Diode (D) .

٥- Transistor (T).

٦-(IC) Integrated circuits .

*” b : رة دوا$� ا��’�و”*1 +�’:

. �ai�AVR>ة �5soft startح -�L*:! ��ا$�ة

. �ai�AVR>ة phase monitoring circuit-�53ح -�L*:! ��ا$�ة

Page

76

:ا���#, ا�����! : أو2

\**”�U+ \*� � \+ !ن ا���#, ا����� �’. \**”�U+ \*6.�5 زل أو @ و�*��� \*:� �’+ .

.آ*�*1 @�7 ا���#, ا�����!

ا���#, .7�U آ��>ن �:H&�1 ا�����*�L�� g:*[ – ��U; 1ر آ���! ;}”H. g&\ +\ ا���Lر وإذا
.-� – ]*:�U� g ذ� O:@ j��g”{; 7 .� م �’��.‹ g’�&5 ;! ا�&�7

.-��.‹ ا���#, .’� e3 +0 ا��� و+1 ا�����*1 �:�ا$�ة ا�>+\ ا�Yزم �H&\ أو

�*�ة ;}”� -� ��’�ة [ 1$ Jر.1 و ��/1 إ 6/� � g:*[ – ��@ ,#أن ا��� qJ – 1*� ‘ا�’=��1 ا�
,#��:� \&Hة -�#7 ز+\ ا��*� .ز+�*1 ]

.أى أن ا�’* ر ا�����! .�� � ��ا$�ة ا�O أن .’� 5&\ ا���#, �b .’ �, +�ور ا�’* ر

� =Zا��� G#� : ا��Bرجا��+#���ت ا�’H ��ون

أو F( Farad( و��3س ا�&+! ��”�ة ا��Sراد: ا�&+!
UF أوPF .

�و: ا���5 ��� ��8 G#�أن �’%�#[ ا���Z= ��3 �[ أ
����
�X G#� ]#�D�� ].

�! ا;�kرة ا�&���! /� )- (
� N��&ف ا��cا� ���’�
ا���ع � ELECTROLITIC(ا���Z= إذا آ�ن

CAPACITOR(

Capacitor

H ا��ا�Pة ا������! =Zا��� �� ر

Page

77

:8 اص ا���#,

– ��’
�q ���ور ا�’* ر ا��. 2.
�q ���ور ا�’* ر ا��’�دد وآ:� زاد ا�’�دد -�7 +� و+1 ا���#, �*( أن +� و+1 ا���#, -.

= F , W =2� XCه!

���
.

:إ�U’3 2ت ا���#,

– !; 7�U’
.power supply 12زا�ripples .
– 7�@ !; 7�U’
.timers .
‘7�U +0 ا��:� ت ا�����*7�U� 1 ا��Y-� ا�����*1 -..
– ��’
‘K 7�U.� ف +�ور ا�’* ر ا��.)dc blocking ( 7L;وac .
�*7 ا��&�آ ت -H- !; 7�U’
�)single phase induction motors. (

:’ ]*7 � ��ا$�ة ا�����*1 +\ �*( ا�ا���#� ت عأ” ا

-� ن أ�Wا;�’+ g ac capacitor 1:b@�� – ]*7 ا���#, .=e +�ا@ ة ” @g ;}ذا آ ن +\ ا�� ع

;*=e +�ا@ ة ا��6ف dc capacitor و.��\ – ]*:g ;! آY اK-= ه*\ وإذا آ ن +\ ا�� ع
,#��:� ea وا�� e�
.ا�

(Bulb) †Sc�� JK =Zا���
%k ة�’
�†C أ��Kء

��’+� =Zا���
%R� ا�/زم
�ا��
=Z��0! ا��� G#� )C (

=Zا��� W�وا���3و�! ا��’�#[
!��0 ?Z�� ل�Zه7ا ا�� H
Hوه

!���3و )Bulb ( !�وا���3و
.ا��ا<#�! �#��cر�!


ا���Z=ا��%R� ا�/زم)RC(
G�&�Time constant �وه

�R*C&�وي “�D? (�ب


ا��%R� ا�/زم
=Zا���= ]<��S'� ا�/زم � .ا��

Page
78

*” b :,:ا�����! ا��:

:-� ن 8 اص ا��:, ��L ص +�ور ا�’* ر ا��’�دد وا��
‘�� @�s 8 اص ا���#, آ� .:!

– ��’
.ا��:, .
�q ���ور ا�’* ر ا��
+� و+1 ا��:, �*( أن +� و+1 ا��:, .� وم +�ور ا�’* ر ا��’�دد وآ:� زاد ا�’�دد ->داد –

. = F , W =2� ��� XLه!

: :,إ�U’3 2ت ا��

– !; 7�U’
.power supply 12زا�ripples .
‘7�U +0 ا���#� ت �7�U ا��Y-� ا�����*1 -..
‘K 7�U.� ف +�ور ا�’* ر @ �! ا�’�دد -..

.�Henry ��ة ) inductance(-� س 1U3 ا��:,

1�*� ��’U-inductance O:@ !آ��� ,:��:

)-� �W e3دي ( +
�1 +�06 ا��:,

! ( W ل ا��:, �@ e3 �-(

)-� �W e3دي ( @�د ا�:� ت

iron@�� إ3’��ام ) inductance(�*( -� ن أ@:O �*�1 �:ـ ) core(” ع ا��:e ا��
‘��م
core ن �- )*�permeability \��. + �/أآ.

�#S�ف آ�� �����رة �’��ن ا��#= \#9
� Hا�����.

ا������ء
D H�رة آ�0! ��B� ]���� Hا��#= ا�����
!�&�X��<�

Air has a permeability of 1, while steel might have a permeability of 2,000.

H ا��ا�Pة ا������!) inductance( ر�� ا��#=

Page

79

.(Resistor (Rا�
%�و�1 : ��4&�

�/’U- � ����%$# ا�9�, 01 أه# ����1ت ا�,ا.�ة ا����� � � 6 أ���) (Resistorا�
%�و�1 ا��
.وا�� �ر ()’ �
� أ�:اء ا�,ا.�ة �$* إ�� �ج آ; �:أ

) . OHM )Ω-� س �*�1 ا��� و+1 ا�����*1 � ��ة

:أ” اع ا��� و+ ت

– Carbon resistor ) 1*” ت ا���� و+ ا���(
– Wire wound resistor ) ف �:+ j:3 \+ 1+و �+(

ب �
�1 ا��� و+1 � ا163 ا�2 ان �:

Tolerance )� #”! ا� ا�: ن ا2ول ا�#
GOLD=5% x 1 0 0 Black

SILVER=10% x 10 1 1 Brown
x 100 2 2 Red
x 1k 3 3 Orange
x 10k 4 4 Yellow
x 100k 5 5 Green
x 1M 6 6 Blue
x 10M 7 7 Violet
x 100M 8 8 Grey
x 1000M 9 9 White

H ا��وا�P ا������! !� :ر�� ا���3و

أو

��
H ا��وا�P ا������! ا��’>��ة ا���3و�!ر:

أو

Page

80

Uرا� ) :Semi conductor component (

)diode – transistor – integrated circuit (

:-�L, ا�� اد ا���’:�1 �
e � �:*’� �’ ]*7 ا����� ء ا�Yb Oث أ�
م

��_X ا�� اد و;! ا�’�آ*e ا��2’�و”! + اد + ]:1 �:���� ء +#7 ا���1 وا��& س :ا��
� ا2ول
..� ن ا���ار ا�� رa! �:_رg� X @�د +\ ا��2’�و” ت أ�L” \+ 7, ا��Uد ا�Yزم ��o ا���ار

+ اد @ ز�1 +#7 ا��:* م وا2رa ن و;! ا�’�آ*e ا��2’�و”! ��_X ا�� اد .� ن :ا��
� ا�# “!
��o ا���ارأو .� ن ا���ار ا�� رa! �:_رg� X @�د +\ ا��2’�و” ت أآ/� +\ “L, ا��Uد ا�Yزم

X�8u \@ :’�+ ا���ار.


وه! + اد x*�+ ]:1 �:���� ء )Semi conductor(أ/5 Y[ + Xت أو : ا�# �(ا��
وx*� @ ز�1 +#7 ا�
*:*� ن وا�=�+ “* م و;! ا�’�آ*e ا��2’�و”! ��_X ا�� اد .� ن ا���ار

.��o ا���ار ا�� رa! �:_رg� X أر�1U ا��’�و” ت وه “L, ا��Uد ا�Yزم

) .diode – transistor(� ” ت ا��2’�و”*1 +#7 �و+\ ه_ا ا�� ع ا�a 0�L- �*82*0 ا�

PN JUNCTION (DIODE):

��! .��\ ا3’��ام أ/5 X ا�� ]Yت �7�U +� ” ت ا��’�و”*e=. 1 أو�U- 2.7 8 اص ه_X ا�� اد
�6:�� 7#+ l; �’ت ;! +�ار ا� ث ا��’�و”Yb ]� ذات أن -� ن @� e=. e$ا Hوا� e$ا H�

. ا����* م أو s�8 ا��’�و” ت +#7 ا��
� ر

O�
– j�_ة و���ت ا��’�و” O:@ 1. ‘&+ 1:[ ا� X_ه q/L- ر �
;}ذا -� 8:� ا�
*:� ن +0 ا��
). n-type( ا� ]:1 ا�
�/1 أو

+#7 ا���2* م -q/L ه_X ا� ]:trivalent material 1. ‘&+ 1وإذا -� 8:� ا�
*:� ن +0
�O ا� ]:1 ا�� a/1 أو – j�_ة و���1 /a + ت 5&� O:@ )p-type .(

1E�Y+:

وي @�د ا�H&� ت ) protons(ا�_رة +’U د�1 آ���* �ن @�د ا�H&� ت ا�����*1 دا78 ا�� اة .
�� � 1/�
j ;}ن + دة وه_ا ا���� .�#7 ا��Uد ا�_ري ���L�@ 7 و�_� )electrons(ا�

ا�
*:*� ن -U’+ 7E د�1 آ���* �’�6:8 �U� O � �H ا$e وذ�j �ن ا�H ا$e + اد +’U د�1
r” 3 اء آ آ���* trivalent material أوpentavalent material .

Page

81

7*[ – ��@ )p-type ( 0+ )n-type ( !� ‘�3 ا��� � ت آ� �&H:� !E&� ن ث �3.�&.:

\+ �/U- g/�
وآ_�j ا�H&� ت ا�� p-type 1/aا�n-type O+\ ا� اqJ أ”g ا�H&� ت ا�
\+ �/U-p-type Oا�n-type ا2->ان ��; e/
. g”� ��’
وه_ا ا�U/ ر �:H&� ت 2.��\ أن .

+\ g”i5 أن @��+ -��� ا��’�ون ;}”� -�’
n-type ea + ��a eا�����! �:� دة ; � ]:1
j�_ت وآ ا��2’�و” \+ �.<+ ��; h*U.p-type section + 1�&5 ���. +��@ ��a e '�. 1/a

O1 ا�/a ت ا�� �&Hل +>.� +\ ا� ا”‘� h*U. � . 3n-type �e أ.

‘�� ا�=�� ا�����! �*\ .n-type , p-type + �- ت �&Hل ا� , ا”‘��أن . Oا.� ا�<- !; و- �O ا���1�6 ا��>د��� 1 �H&� ت potential barrierو@��ه .
�O ا�=�� ا�& a> أو

. �depletion layer � �3 �ـ

n – type

�+�?�D�’ا�

p – type

?�D�’�0? ا�

p – type

?�D�’ا� �+�

Page

82

‘�� و0J اK->ان � $� ا�O أن .&�ث أ�� أ+�.\ .:

– e:�إذا إآ’
/r ا�H&� ت W �1 +#7 ا�6 �1 ا�� $*1 ;}ن +>.� +\ ا�H&� ت .’��\ +\ ا�’
\+ �/U.و

*1 �’& .7 ا�6 �1 ا�� $*1 ا�W O �1 آ���*1 �H1 ا�2 اح ا�@ �[.
. �/6 ر.pn-junction 1إذا -� – ]*7 –

depletion layer

Potential barrier

� !�P��Zا� !#D�ـ#� ���pn-junction �� ): diodeر�� ( ��7ا ا��

)p-type) (n-type(

‡#Zا�� !��0 ?Z�� ‡�”)p-type ( ?Z�� H92 ا��أBوا�)n-type(

Page

83

diodeا��cف ا�&��N �#ـ

)cathode(

�diode#ـ ��N8ا��cف ا�

)anode(

Page

84

Forward and reverse bias

I

I

Forward bias

Reverse bias

H���
H “��! ا�’��D? ا; !�P��Zا� !#D�ا� H
ا���cر�! � ���Forward bias ا�’��ر

; ?�D�’ا� !��” H
!�P��Zا� !#D�ا� H
ا���cر�! � ا�+�&���H ا�’��ر

Reverse bias

Page

85

;! ) �L��)Forward biasر �:’* ر ا��’�دد ;}ن ا�’ ]*7 .� ن أ+ +! diodeإذا -� – ]*7
!
.;! “L, ا�� 1a ا�
�L”)Reverse bias ( e, ا�� 1a ا�� ea و@�

‘��م . j�_و�diode ر ا��’�دد ا�’* �. �- !;.

DIODE REVERS

VOLTAGE

Diode !
�Uزاد ا�=�� ا� ر وآ:� 16 +\ ا�’**
! .�� �g آ�*1 ��Uء ;’�ة ا�’ ]*7 ا� �bأ
O:@diode \*U+ �� Oا� !
�U16 ;}ذا و]7 ه_ا ا�=�� ا�*
� 1/
�� g*; ر ر ا�� زاد ا�’* آ:�
Y#+)500V( ث�&.break down ,:’.ا و�a !� @ ر *- g� ��.و.

. diodes 7�&’-reverse voltage = 500Vأe:x أ” اع

. �U�diodes 7�&’-reverse voltage from 1200V TO 1500V أ” اع

+\ rectifier stackو�_�j .’� ن reverse voltage = 26 KV.� ن UHF;! +&6 ت
.+’O:@ 1:L ا�’ ا�! high voltage diodes@�د آ/*� +\

Forward bias

Reverse bias ��� ا�’��ر
� !c�&� !آ��
H&�+ا� ?�D�’ة ا��’
H

Page

86

Zener diode:

! .&’ ج ا�zener diode “i� O.�’ ز �Uه*\ و��\ ;! ا�’ ]*7 ا� ا�’ ]*7 ;! ا2-= g���. g
volt O�
. O:@أVzener آـ g+إ3’��ا \��. g”{; j�_و�voltage regulator ن� jوذ�

e�
. 2Vzener .��\ أن .>.� @\ �� +cathode ( \*U (ا�=�� ا�� a د @:g;�W O ا�

High voltage diodes

UHF high tension

rectifier

: diodeا����@�ت ا��&#5! �#G ه7ا

BYX 25 1500 RD

��د�?

diode Hأ�#G ���ر �’%�#[

H��� .ا�’��D? ا;

G#� reverse voltageأ

ا�6�5
diode

V=9V

H ا��J9 ا����3? �&’+�?
ZENER DIODE 9آـV

regulator أن ‡�”Vz=9V

��
ZENER DIODE H ر
�Pا������! ا��وا.

Page

87

TRANSISTOR

. آ� � ���3 ا�’ �! 1bYb p-materials & n-materials أa>اء .’� ن ا�’�ا”>3′ ر +\

:أa>اء ا�’�ا”>3′ ر

‘��م ا�’�ا”>3’ ر � ��وا$� ا��2’�و”*1 ��� أ+�.\ .:

.+�/� �†5 رة –
– Switch .

�*7 و;! ا�& �’*\ ;}ن ا�’�ا”>3′ ر وا�� H’1 ا��.�W !; ف .� نY’82وا.

n

p

n

p

n

p

npn transistor pnp transistor

Base

Collecto

r

Emitter

Page

88

Active mode & switching mode

;�ق ا�=�� �*\ آVbe) \+ Y).��\ ا�’&�� ;! آ*�*1 @�7 ا�’�ا”>3′ ر � ا163 ا�’&�� ��*�1

base , emitter) ( 1� � O�;)switching mode ( ن �.(Vbe) \+ 7�0.2أV أو
\+ O:@0.7أV 1� � !;و)active mode ( ن �.(Vbe) \*�)0.7V 0.2وV ( .

.g”{;base .�/� ا5K رة ا�� a دة @:+��@)active mode ( O 7�U. ا�’�ا”>3′ ر ;!

Vcc

Vbe

switchأو cut off .� ن ا�’�ا”>3′ ر ;! � �0.2V 1أ�Vbe) \+ 7)@��+ .� ن
.+�’ ح

�� !�
C , E !��” Hا���3وcut off

H
���ن آ���ة �8ا ��� �5+? ا�’�ا@�9’�ر
W)وswitch ح�’S�.

Vbe 0.2V

أو saturation.� ن ا�’�ا”>3′ ر ;! � �0.7V 1أ@:Vbe) \+ O)@��+ .� ن
switch h:�+.

Vcc
Vbe

�� !�
C , E !��” Hا���3و

saturation ن�����#switch Iا�’�ا@�9’�ر .

Vbe 0.7V

Page

89

Integrated circuit (IC)

H. 2’�ط أن .� ن آ/*� ا�&=� ;�\ ا����\ أن -� ن diode 1�/W@�� ]� @1 ا�’�ا”>3′ ر أو
7�U; 1+��’
.;! �=� ا���pn junction 16ا�
:*� ن ا��

1�*U+ 1�*pداء و� ��U� 0+ �:*[ -ت ا�’�ا”>3′ رات و @1 +| ا����\ ]� \�; j�_و� �b
1�*p ز+1 �داء ا�Y7 ا�aد +\ ا�ر�@ g�+ ج��. j*’3Y� ء 6x 78دا �UJو.

:أ+#:1

78012

V IN V OUT =12V

COMMON

7905

V IN V OUT = – 5V

COMMON

IC VOLTAGE
REGULATOR 78012

IC VOLTAGE
REGULATOR 7905

15 V

V in

IC VOLTAGE REGULATOR LM
.��اc9! ا���3و�! ا��’>��ة

Page

90

2 input volt و.� نoutput e

IC VOLTAGE
COMPARATOR LM
LM747

Vout = 15V if V1 V2

Vout = 0 V if V1 V2

IC VOLTAGE
REGULATOR LM

LM 337 T

V out

IC VOLTAGE REGULATOR LM 337T

!��0 ���<'�Vout ا��'>��ة !���اc9! ا���3و

‘��م �:�� ر”1 �*\ – input volt
O:@أ أ.��.

IC VOLTAGE
COMPARATOR LM 311,

= 15V if V1 V2

= 0 V if V1 V2

IC VOLTAGE
REGULATOR LM 337T

T

(�2 ه67 ���IC !��0 ���<'�

Page

91

دوا$� @�:*1

)SOFT START (دا$�ة

.

��&16 ا2ر3 ل ا�’:�>. “! ��*:� AVR

ا��ا$�ة +
‘��+�ai� 1>ة

:�5ح ا��ا$�ة
1+��+:

h.�W \@)output volt ( j.�&- �b �* س ) output volt(.� م �’�E*� ا�=�� �aAVR ز
variable transformer O.��\ ا� ب +��*�1 ا�=�� �&*( .� ن أ�7 .�U’�240V .

�dc motor ا163 +&�ك ) �U- �’.)variable transformer.7 و0J ا��& ل ا��’&�ك
) .servo amplifier(وا��&�ك .’� -�_.’g �}5 رة آ���*1 +\ آ رت

ا�e=.)variable transformer ( O أن -U د ا��& 2ت ا��’&�آAVR 1و@�� إ�W ء �a ز
�*7 ا�� دم 3 ف ./�أ �a ز ا�ـ H’ا� !; g”أ \��” O’� jوذ� ��L0 ا�JوAVR ��a 1�*� \+

/�J eر �o�� ل ا�� ]:�b ����+ g*:@ 1 .>داد .2 O’� .’�ر� ل(� ة ا2ر3<�aأ.(

: )SS) )SOFT START)آ*, -7�U ا��ا$�ة

� م ا��ا$�ة �’ ]*L� – 7 رة U*/W*1 و.�_ي ا2�� ل .AVR 7�U@��+ .� ن �a ز –
) O:@)servo amplifier ا52 رة ا�� د+1 +\ آ رت ) �W)dc motorف ا��&�ك

.�’q*&L ا�=�� 6″�16 ر��

�<�رج ا���رت و�Limit switch ?�S ٢ه7ا ا��5أ ���رة ا��%�ك اذا وD? ا��%�ل �#����! ��� أو �&�ر� ا;�kرة

D6 D4

Page

92

dc(-� م ا��ا$�ة �’ ]*�W 7ف ا��&�ك أو إ”�6 ع ا����� ء �a 7L; ��@AVR ز –
motor ( 1.ر 6/� e�
.2@ دة ا��& ل � 0J ا�O:@6V ��L ا��6ف ا�

�H&\ ا�/6 ر.1 �}3’��ار .=e أن -� ن ا�/6 ر.H+ 1& “1 دا$� و�_�j -� م ه_X ا��ا$�ة –
\+ ) (IC voltage regulator LM337T لY8 \+ \&Hا� ��a 1�*� 7.�U- \��.و

. RV1ا��� و+1 ا��’�*�ة

)١ ( O1 ا�و�� 7 :(ا�&*�H’1 ا�� �(

) .أو إ”�6 ع ا����� ء �a 7L; ��@AVR ز :(ا�& �1 ا�# “*1 ) ٢(

RL2

RL2 W)و H
OFF

H و(RL2 W(@.�ا ,ن OFF ( نg

nc contact ?�D�� W)و H
���ن

آ�رت � !�

contact ـ� !D�Bا�RL2 )H��3�ا��&�ر ا���(

��� ا;�SXء �’%�ل ه7ا)RL2( relay
W)و G#Aon Hا��” !c�&� ة���

H@ا�K ة�R�.

���ا�RL2( relay G(�’%�ل م
W)وon (���no contact

!3#<� . ����� (���no contact !3#<� ?D�� ��@g ا��cف ا�&���c�#� Nر�! �#G ا��%�ك ��+�� ا��%�ل

�Sا�� W)��)�C>,ا��&�ر ا(

R2

Page

93

.WAVR 7�U �� أن �a ز e=.OFF أن .� ن دا$� @:O و+ €�:+RL2 0J h/3 أن
servo(ا52 رة ا�� د+1 +\ آ رت +dc motor ( 0(وذ��W 7*[ ‘� jف ا��&�ك

amplifier ( ��ا���16 ر O:@6 ز �a ء �Wا�=�� و@�� إ q*&L’�AVR ء ع ا����� أو إ”�6
@:b)dc motor ( O �W 7*[ ‘� 1*”ف ا��&�ك ١٠ � ا�! ���ة ONا�O وRL2 0J.’& ل

0Jو Oد ا� U. �b ��L0 ا�J � دة ا��& ل ر.1 2@ 6/:� e�
;�*, .&�ث OFFا��6ف ا�
jذ�.

�a .power supply رت آ !;EM RMS sensor PCB 16��� � 7L’+ e�
وg;�W ا�
�*7 9ر�� H- ��@وAVR 16ا��� Oا� e�
;! و7L.9 q/L*;D6 7*[ – 0J ا�’* ر ا�

Oر ا� 7 ا�’*L.+! و أ+ic voltage regulator( REG1) 163ا � g6/J �- ��وRV1
!6U. )*&�6.9V )���2ا ��
) .ا�

ر.\ ا2ول �H&\ ا�/6 ر.Y8 \+ 1ل (REG1 ) ا�’* ر ا�� رج +\ + Oا� �
��.D4 !” #وا�
,:+ Oا�RL1 و.’& لRL1 0Jو Oا�ON .

7�U. +��@RL1 {; نno contact \&H.و h:��-C2 e� 3 ��=�)-6.9V ( لY8 \+D5 .

+ ]�cathode 7ن �g/6 ا�
�forward bias( e(;! و0J – ]*7 أ+ +! 2D5�ƒ أن (
\+ e�
. ) O:@REG1 ا�=�� ا�

NIGATIVE DC FROM EM RMS SENSOR PCB

R4

6.9V

)١(

RL1 W)و H
ON

)٢(

�8��;VOLT G#�BASE \�7و�

gن Q1 W)و H
CUT OFF ]�#�و

.;�+�? ��RL2�ن

)٣(

RL2 W)و H
OFF

Page

94

;*���L+ 06ر 0 ا����� ء -��6أو AVRإ�W ء �a ز -/�O ا��ا$�ة @:O ه_ا ا� 0J ا�O أن .’�
supply 16رج +\ 9@\ ا��� ر ا�� ا�’* �ا�O وRL1 0J*’& ل ; (IC(REG1و .��06 أ.

OFF .

�:OFF hا�O وRL1 0J.’& ل @��+ �-nc contact ,#و./�أ ا���C1 g’�&5 ‹.��- !;
ا�O أن .’� -��.‹ � g’�&5 �� Y8 7+ل ز+\ ��رX � ا�! R5,R6ا�
�/Y8 \+ 1ل ا��� و+ ت

١٠ 1*” b.

0Jو Oد ا�’�ا”>3′ ر ا� U. ,#5&�1 ا��� _��- +��@OFF ,:+ !; ر ور ا�’*�+ ,� ‘*;
RL2 Oو.’& ل ا�OFF ƒ�2ان +:, وRL2 !; g�.��- e=. !
*W ��آ ن +H& ن ��= ل +

0J . j�_ر آ���! و� رة -* [D7 2.’:, ا�’�ا�>3′ ر O’� ر ه_ا ا�’* e.�
‘�.

R5

R6

)١ (=Z��#� ˆ��S’ر ا����
)٢ ( H
=Z��#� ˆ��S’ور ���ر ا��� !5�’@

R6 !c3ه67 ا�� G#� N��9 ��8qR��

!��” Gر ا��ل ا�’�ا@�9’�ا�%��اء و�’%
SATURATION أي أنCOLLECTOR

(���SHORT W�EMITTER > <

D4

)٣ ( !��” Gر ا��ل ا�’�ا@�9’�%’� �����
SATURATION (�DوأCOLLECTOR SHORT

W�EMITTER ن�ر�! ����&�ر ���#�cر ا����� ���

=#�

ا�G ا�����ر

RL2

)٤ ( ����� ?�<�RL2 ��� ���ر ا���cر�!

ا;زرق ����&�ر ���#�ن
H
]#

!�ا�6�5 ��3رب ا�&�
����� ا��%�ل ا��’>��

�Sا�� !c3@ Gا�.

Three phase monitoring(

.��&16 ا2ر3 ل ا�’:�>. “! ��*:�

output(

+�/ ل و;! voltا2��� @��+ .� ن +
‘ ي
LED ل وإر3alarm 1;�x Oا�

+�/ ل voltا2��� @��+ .� ن +
‘ ي
@�AVR h.�W \@ 7 @\ ا�&�ود ا��
� ح �� .’� إ�W ء

h.�W \@ 1*” b timer .

phase failure relay (PFR) ت رق أن ا��� ” وا��

Transformer 15 V

Page

95

circuit) and alarm Three phase monitoring

��&16 ا2ر3 ل ا�’:�>. “! ��*:� AVRا��ا$�ة +
‘��+�ai� 1>ة

AVR رت ٢@�د آ.

input 3-phases ( €�. !” #وا�)output 3-phases

: ا�� رت ا2ول

input 3-phases ءة JوإLED ي ‘
ا2��� @��+ .� ن +
volt ء �W.’� إ ح �� �
LED@\ ا�&�ود ا��

: ا�� رت ا�# “!

output 3-phases ءة JوإLED ي ‘
ا2��� @��+ .� ن +
@\ ا�&�ود ا��
� ح �� .’� إ�W ء voltو;! � �1 ا�’U د

O:@MCCB ص �ـ ا��AVR .
shunt trip Xار��+ r�ء و أ@6 �U�٢٠ h.�W \@ 1*” b

e*’�آ� + 7 -�b �+ ا��ا$�ة X_ه e*آ�-phase failure relay (PFR)
. 0J -relay ;! آ رت أو ;! 7�5

shunt trip

G@وا,د G#��2�C ا�%� ا;أ

3 IC voltage comparator op amp

. إذا آ�ن دا

LED

(circuitدا$�ة

ا��ا$�ة +
‘��+�ai� 1>ة

�a 7�� �a .AVR ز

phases(ا2ول .�€

ا�� رت ا2ولا���ض +\

phases�* س –
volt� �1 ا�’U د

CCD .

ا�� رت ا�# “!ا���ض +\

phases�* س –
و;! � �1 ا�’U د

shunt trip O:@
– 7�@ �’.shunt trip

e*’�آ� + 7 -�b �+ ا��ا$�ة X_ه e*آ�-
– 0J ;! آ رت أو ;! 7�5

Relay (RL1)

?�

2 pot ?��phase G@وا,د G#��2�C ا�%� ا;أ

. ا��&��ح �[

voltage comparator op amp

إذا آ�ن دا

Page

96

Page

97

:�آ*e ا��ا$�ة –

:-‘� ن ا��ا$�ة +\ أر�1U أ�
م آ �’ �!

.وأdc g�+ 1�*@ _8و-& .:g ا�phase volt Oا��
� ا2ول .�’€ � 3’�/ ل ) ١(

.dc �* س و+� ر”1 )٢(

. alarm circuitدا$�ة )٣(

)٤(15V power supply and ref, volt generator .

:ا��
� ا2ول ) ١(

:8*( .’� @�7 ا�’ �! L1@�� ا���volt 16.’� ا3’�/ ل ا�ـ ;! ا��
� ا�ول +\ ا��ا$�ة ) ١(

.g:. &’�DC ا�

HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

( O(.’� -� .� ا�’* ر � ا163 –
..�� ا�’* ر Y8ل +=� @1 +� و+ ت @:O ا�’ ا�! �’�
*� ا�=�� –
.Kر3 �� ��ا$�ة ا��/ س وا��� ر”sample ( 1(@*�1 ٢.’� أ8_ –

(IC(747آ��Y8ت ا�sample1 , sample2 O;! ا��
� ا�# “! +\ ا��ا$�ة .’� ا3’�/ ل )٢(

. �Vref = 6.2V:�� ر”1 +0

over voltا�ول ��* س ا��i6 ;! � �1 ��وث comparator 7��phase 2.’� ا�U’3 ل )٣(
. under voltو ا�# “! ��* س ا��i6 ;! � �1 ��وث

Sample 1

Sample 2

240V AC

DC VOLT

ه67 ا��3���ت
�+�? آـ

VOLTAGE

DIVIDER

HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

Vout= 1.د U1 ا�� ا�& !;
volt !; ا��6: ب \+ O:@أ

diodes ا�’ ازي و@�ده O:@
zero volt ( \+ أي O:@ ��E.

) .alarm(دا$�ة اK”_ار

V ref = 6.2 V

SAMPLE 1

OVER VOLT

V ref = 6.2 V

SAMPLE 2

UNDER VOLT

Comparator 1

Comparator

Page

98

comparator 1 , comparator ن �.Vout=15 volt
Vout= ن .� نiآ i68 وث��1 � � !;volt

. comparator 2أو أ�7 +\ ا��6: ب

6 comparators )٢ 7��phase .(

6 comparators 1*�*ا�� s��� 7�U-1 و:b �’+.

\+6 comparators 1@ �=+ 163ا �diodes
(OR gate) يi� س
�Kا ض +���� zero volt(وا�

دا$�ة اK”_ار و. ]*:g ا�comparator O

ا����a ت ا�
‘1 ��وا$�

).diodes(

ا���3 ا�’ �! . qJ آ*�*1 ا�=�*0 � ا163

15 V

Vout = 15 v if (

SAMPLE 1 OVER

VOLT

) is less than the predefined

limit .

Vout = 0 v if(

SAMPLE 1 OVER

VOLT

) is more than the predefined

limit .
15 V

Vout = 15 v if( SAMPLE

VOLT) is more than the predefined
limit .

Vout = 0 v if SAMPLE

VOLT) is less than the predefined
limit .

Comparator 1

Comparator 2

:ا��’*=1

\+ 7�� , comparator 2
Vout=0 voltوآ_�j .� ن

comparator1 7 +\ ا��6: ب�أو أ

�a . comparators � ��ا$�ة @�د

0*�a comparators

0*�=- �’.Vout \+
)6+2 ( 7#�-(OR gate)

ا����a ت ا�
‘1 ��وا$�
ا���3 ا�’ �! . qJ آ*�*1 ا�=�*0 � ا163

SAMPLE 1 OVER
) is less than the predefined
SAMPLE 1 OVER
) is more than the predefined

SAMPLE 2 UNDER

) is more than the predefined

if SAMPLE 2 ( OVER

) is less than the predefined

Page

99

COMPARATOR1

COMPARATOR2

COMPARATOR6

COMPARATOR5

COMPARATOR4

COMPARATOR3

X

��� “�وث أي fault أي G#�comparator 2��� Vout G0ا�V ل�%’�
diode

H����’�#! �ـ Xو ���) ا��forward bias !c3ا����3? ا�G و(� W��D? أzero volt
��م و8�د !��” H
H و(diodes W���ن fault W��8وreverse biase (���و

!c3ا��X ��A ـ� !#�’�zero volt.

Page

100

) alarm circuit( ا��
� ا�# �( دا$�ة ا2″_ار

أي +\ ;! ا���3 ا�
��1 ;}ذا آ ن O:@ ��’U-diodes وX 0J;! ه_ا ا�=>أ +\ ا��ا$�ة ا���16
diodes 1� � !;forward bias )g� ح �
)��O�U أن أ�� ا��*>ات ا�#Yث �8ج @\ ا�&� ا��

: و.’�-O:@ e ذ�+ j ��a q/L.X=0V O:. ا���16

. LEDو Q2وg�Y8 \+ ��. 2 -* ر آ���! إ�off O;! وQ1 0J.� ن ا�’�ا”>3′ ر –
– �6�.LED .
. RL1وg�Y8 \+ ��. 2 -* ر ا��:, ا�� ص �ـ off;! وQ2 0J.� ن ا�’�ا”>3′ ر –
.Y8 \+nc contactل alarmو. ]7 إ5 رة off;! وrelay RL1)( 0J.� ن –

وreverse bias 2;! وdiodes 0J;! وU*/W 0J! -� ن phases 0*�a-3@��+ .� ن
*- ��Y8 \+ ��. 1+و ! ا���� ‘� ر و�R1 �*;�W \*� ��=ر و.� ن ;�ق ا� -* 2 .�� �� =

. X =15V]�� و�_���a q/L. j ا���16

: .’�-O:@ e ذ�+ j ��a q/L.V15X= O:. ا���16 @��+

. LEDو Q2و .�� +\ g�Y8 -* ر آ���! إ�ON Oا�O وQ1 0J.’& ل ا�’�ا”>3′ ر –
– �.LED 0Jأن و O:@ 1�2�:�3-phases �*a.
– Oر ا� ا�’* ��.base ص �ـ ا��Q2 0Jو Oو.’& ل ا�ON )saturation. (
. ON ا�O وRL1 0J;*’& ل Y8RL1 �bQ2ل +:, 15V.�� ا�’* ر +\ “�16 –
و��RL1 2’�ة وa*>ة fault �6�. 2; ذا ��ث ) UF 2200( .’� 5&\ ا���#, –

LED \+ 7ن 5&�1 ا���#, -/�! آ�Q2 , LED 0Jو !;ON _��- أن Oة ا��’��
.5&�1 ا���#, � �’��.‹ +\ Y8ل ا��� و+ ت

X

Page

101

:و.’� ن +\ dcا�_ي .�_ي أa>اء ا��ا$�ة �ـ power supply ا�=>أ ا�8*� +\ ا��ا$�ة .�7#

– Center tapped transformer (15 – 0 – 15)
– Full wave rectifier
– Smoothing capacitor 100UF
– IC voltage regulator )15V(

*******************

..-� �&�� ا[

���ي ا���Uة/م

H ه7ا ا��5أ �’J ا9’+��ل ZENER DIODE ة�Pآ�ا !���3و W� regulation ����’�

V ref = 6.2V W� �����+’9;COMPARATORS .

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