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I expect the assignment to meet all the criteria as mentioned in the pdf. The total number of words should be between 2000 to 2200 words. Format of the report should be Arial, size 12 and double line spacing using Harvard references. Plagiarism is not entertained. Diagrams should be used for better explanation.
Utilisation of hints is a must.
Instructions:
1. Project Assignment Outline
“Decision level of the business organisation – A Case Study”
A typical hierarchical business will have three (3) broad levels of organizational decision-making from the top to the bottom. Each organizational level exhibits different information requirements characteristics in terms of the decision timeframes, certainty, risk, responsiveness, information structure and application of technology. These decision-making levels are characterized by information systems that are different in design and composition because of the level-specific goals of the information systems at each level of the hierarchy. The decision-making levels are highly significant in terms of system thinking, since the purpose of processing data is to produce information for decision making.
1. Discuss the nature and type of information required at each level of decision making within a typical organization hierarchy.
Link this to the various Information systems used by organizations such as Transaction Processing, Management Information and Executive Decision Support systems.
Hints
1: operational information
a. Lower level management
b. Transactional processing system (TPS)
c. Day-today operations or activities
d. Leger entries or journal entries
e. Follow established policy or guidelines
f. Easy decision
g. Structured decision/programme decision
h. Operation information is required in decision such as credit granting
2: Tactical information
i. Middle level management
j. Management information system(MIS)
k. Decision support system(DSS)
l. Semi-structured decision
3: Strategic information
m. Top level management or highest level of management
n. Decision support system
o. Executive information system
p. Future oriented
q. Understand decision non-programming decision
r. Ill-defined and difficult decision
s. It contains many variables
t. Strategies: information is required in decision such as merger or acquisition
2. Consider and suggest three possible information sources that could be used to provide data and information for decision making.
Consider how such sources of information may be extracted from the environment and how reliable these information sources are.
Internet sources e.g. Stock level or inventory level, database –required by the lower level management – more for operation
External sources e.g. economics outlook of a country – required by the highest level of management – more for planning purpose
Primary sources of information
Secondary sources of information
Tertiary sources of information (Anon., n.d.)
3. What are the desired qualities of information at each level of the organizational hierarchy?
Discuss the granularity aspects of information for the different levels of management in an organization.
Qualitative characteristics of information – information has qualities and it depends on
1. Accurate – freedom of errors
2. Complete – nothing should be omitted
3. Relevance – level of management
4. Reliable
5. Detailed
6. Summarised
7. Timeliness – information has time values – information that is current, the values increase. On the other hand, information that is older, the values decrease.
4. Are these desirable characteristics different at each level or are there any common desirable characteristics?
What is the significance of detailed versus consolidated data to management at the different levels of management?
S. NO
Qualitative characteristic of information
Lower level (operational)
Middle level(Tactical)
Top level (strategic level)
1
Accurate information
High
Medium
low
2
Real-time information
High
Medium
Low
3
Historical information
Low
Medium
high
4
Planning information
Low
Medium
high
5
Operational information
High
Medium
Low
6
Summarised information
Low
Medium
High
7
Detailed information
High
Medium
Low
8
Current information
High
Medium
Low
9
10
5. How would you define the importance of decision making at each level of organizational hierarchy?
Discuss the impact of decision making at the various levels (top, middle-, supervisory-levels).
S. NO
Type of decision
Lower level (operational)
Middle level(Tactical)
Top level (strategic level)
1
Structured decision
High
Medium
Low
2
Programmed decision
Medium
3
Unstructured decision
Medium
4
Non- programmed decision
Medium
5
Ill-defined decision
Medium
6
Decision that follow established guidelines or policy
Medium
7
Decision that contain many variables
Medium
8
Easy to make decision
Medium
9
Difficult decision
10
Planning decision
11
Control decision
12
Operation decision
The assignment should be presented as a short informal report, of around 2000 words in length. Do not forget page numbers, title, your name, and the quality of the presentation of the assignment. The report should be well referenced and formatted in accordance with the Harvard Referencing system.
Note: Each section does not need to be long, but it does need to demonstrate that you are acquainted with your chosen organization’s business, and have thought about how it works. On the other hand, you are not expected to be an expert on the business – most of the information that you will need to complete this assignment will be found through a combination of looking carefully at your chosen organizations’ websites, lecture notes, textbooks and journal articles).
The coursework is due on 5th Jan 2018 Singapore Timing
1. Marking Criteria
Marking Scheme for individual assignment (assessment criteria)
Making Criteria
Allocated Mark
Awarded Mark
1.
Discuss the nature and type of information required at each level of decision making within a typical organization hierarchy.
Link this to the various Information systems used by organizations such as Transaction Processing, Management Information and Executive Decision Support systems.
20
2
Consider and suggest three possible information sources that could be used to provide data and information for decision making.
Consider how such sources of information may be extracted from the environment and how reliable these information sources are.
20
3
What are the desired qualities of information at each level of the organizational hierarchy?
Discuss the granularity aspects of information for the different levels of management in an organization.
20
4
Are these desirable characteristics different at each level or are there any common desirable characteristics?
What is the significance of detailed versus consolidated data to management at the different levels of management?
20
5
How would you define the importance of decision making at each level of organizational hierarchy?
Discuss the impact of decision making at the various levels (top, middle-, supervisory-levels).
20
Total:
100
Note: Students are not allowed to send any draft to the Lecturer’s for comments and its not allowed. This is an Assignment which test student’s ability to interpreting the questions correctly and to find the appropriate answers to the questions
3. Assessment Criteria
Marks
Assessment Criterion
80% & above
• Compelling and well structured report with relevant message & information
• Comprehensive and detailed explanation
• Clear signs of sophisticated understanding of the theme under discussion
• Excellent articulation of points/views/comments
• Independent analysis, observations and comments
• Very good in terms of comprehensiveness and clarity
70% – 79%
• Good effort and evidence of research and application
• Clear and covers the obvious points coherently presented
• Some effort at use of independent judgment and external sources of information.
• Good use of external sources to support points brought up
• Signs of independent analysis
• Variety of sources appropriately analysed, applied and discussed
60% – 69%
• Effort in covering important points mostly gathered from textbook and lecture notes
• Scattered efforts at using information gathered from external sources mostly with a purpose and sometimes with no clear purpose
• Some independent contributions and thoughts
• Shows evidence of organize arguments in logical manner
50% – 59%
• Facts mostly reproduced from the source
• Addressed the purpose of the report and assignment task
• Some efforts at independent contributions/thoughts
• Simplistic or slightly unstructured /confused presentation
49% and below
• Demonstrates low level of understanding
• Fails to present relevant points satisfactorily to answer the specific questions
• Confused presentation and unclear language
• Produces chunks of information from the sources with no signs of having assimilated the information
2. A Guide to Referencing
The work should make use of the Harvard Referencing System. It is important that you cite
correctly, and that you cite individual web pages in the correct format.
Instruction
3. Late Submission will not be entertained.
4. Your assignment should include cover sheet, table of contents page. The total number of words should be between 2000 to 2200 words. Format of the report should be Arial, size 12 and double line spacing using Harvard references.
5. In cases where plagiarism and collusion is detected
zero(0) mark will be awarded.
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