introduction sociology Multiple choices

I have simple multiple choice questions that are easy to find the answers in internet specilly with sociology major. I need you to answer them and be sure they are correct. I attached questions and the multiple answers. I wil take the quiz again when there is uncorect answer with diffrent version. plz make sure about the answers so we dont do agin

1.Which of the following statements about

bureaucracy

is false?

Answer

Secretaries and other assistants often have more

power

than their job description or salary indicates.

The informal culture of bureaucracy works to make all employees feel more connected and include

Subcultures develop even in the largest bureaucracies.

Informal norms within a bureaucracy may increase or decrease worker productivity.

1 points

Question

2

Teen

age

rs, truck drivers, and the elderly are all examples of _____.

Answer

secondary groups
social categories
primary groups
	none of these choices

1 points

Question 3

Attribution error refers to a situation in which one

Answer

fails to see that group membership is the cause of a person’s behavior.

completely misunderstands the action in a particular situation.

falsely attributes a person’s behavior to membership in a particular group.

blames something on one person that is really the fault of another person.

1 points

Question 4

Which of these is not an example of a utilitarian organization?

Answer

the University of Michigan

Microsoft

NAACP

General Motors

1 points

Question 5

Which of the following illustrates a common type of attribution error?

Answer

a girl who does well in science is perceived as being unusually smart

a white person observes a white student taking a wallet out of someone’s purse and assumes the student was asked to do so by the owner

a Hispanic student is carrying a baseball bat and it is assumed he intends to vandalize something

All of these are illustrations of attribution error.

1 points

Question 6

The informal structure of a bureaucracy

Answer

increases the feelings of

solidarity

among all workers.

develops among those at the top of the organizational structure.

uses alternate channels to get some things done faster.

follows the same rules and regulations as the formal structure.

1 points

Question 7

Which perspective is most likely to focus on the fact that individuals experience stress and

alienation

as a result of being subordinated within a formal organization?

Answer

	feminist theory
			conflict theory
functionalist theory
		symbolic interaction theory

1 points

Question 8

The psychological separation of a person from an organization and its goals is called _____.

Answer

alienation
risky shift
	ritualism
organizational deviance

1 points

Question

9

Applied to a situation like the torture of Iraqi prisoners in American prison Abu Ghraib, Milgram’s and Asch’s findings would indicate that

Answer

soldiers are more sadistic than the average college student or American citizen.

American soldiers would only commit torture if following a direct order with fear of punishment for not carrying it out.

there was a serious breakdown in respect for authority that caused soldiers to violate the international standards for treatment of prisoners.

the cause of the American soldiers’ inhumane treatment of prisoners is partly the structure of the situation and group pressure.

1 points

Question 1

0

According to Weber bureaucracies have

positive functions

that contribute to their overall unity. Weber termed these _____.

Answer

manifest functions

eufunctions

positive functions

non-dysfunctions

1. According to sociologists studying crime,

Answer

both organized crime and corporate crime have an institutionalized character.

organized crime is a term that is applied only to the Mafia in the U.S.

financial loss from street crime is greater than that from organized or corporate crime.

All of these are true statements.

1 points

Question 2
1.

A criticism of the functional perspective of deviance is that it

Answer

places too much emphasis on the individual.

fails to see the good that deviance accomplishes.

does not explain why some people are able to impose their ideas judgments on others.

overemphasizes injustice and inequality in society.

1 points

Question 3
1.

From a functionalist perspective, daily MSC: NEWs stories of incidents of crime

Answer

focus attention on the underprivileged and hide the criminality of the upper class es.
plant ideas, and serves to socialize others into criminal behavior.
serve to define others in society as non-criminal and therefore good.
										All of these choices are true.

1 points

Question 4
1.

Which of the following is an example of informal deviance?

Answer

a traffic ticket
underage drinking
body piercing
	polygamy

1 points

Question 5
1.

How do sociologists define deviance?

Answer

as any behavior that is extreme and unsettling

they look at what the media focuses on

by applying the laws of society

through the understanding of social norms

1 points

Question 6
1.

According to ______ people behave as they do because of the meanings that they give to different situations.

Answer

conflict theory

symbolic interaction theory

social control theory
			functionalism

1 points

Question 7
1.

A significant difference between functionalist and conflict theory is that

Answer

functionalism pays more attention to the individual than conflict theory does.

functionalism ignores the role of deviance in society, while this is a focus for conflict.

functionalism assumes the system works for the good of the whole, and conflict theory does not.

functionalists focus more on the social structure than conflict theorists do.

1 points

Question 8
1.

Psychological explanations of deviance emphasize _____ as the underlying cause of deviant behavior.

Answer

the context within which the deviance occurred

the effects of labeling

individual factors

patterns of inequality in society

1 points

Question 9
1.

A strength of conflict theory in terms of understanding deviance is

Answer

All of these choices are true.

its insight into the significance of power relationships.

its ability to see how the entire social system works for the benefit of all.

its recognition of the importance of shared

values

and

beliefs

1 points

Question 10

Within Merton’s structural strain theory, prostitution would best be described as a form of _____.

Answer

ritualism

rebellion

innovation

retreatism

1. Evaluations of the welfare reform of

96 (PRWRA) have found that

Answer

All of these choices are true.

the number of people receiving welfare has decreased.

the amount of poverty in the U.S. has decreased.

the wages earned in workfare programs are keeping women and their children out of poverty.

1 points

Question 2
1.

According to William Julius Wilson, the “underclass” is

Answer

actually comprised of unemployed individuals from rural, more than urban, areas.

the result of structural transformations in the economy.

the product of a welfare system that is so generous that going to work is not an attractive option.

mostly found in the suburbs of big cities.

1 points

Question 3
1.

Which type of theorist would be most likely to see inequality in the social system as fair, because everyone has an equal chance of getting ahead?

Answer

functionalism

conflict theory

		social exchange theory
symbolic interaction

1 points

Question 4
1.

When members of the subordinated classes internalize the views of the dominant class and justify inequality,

Karl Marx

termed this ______.

Answer

class consciousness

normative consciousness

stratified consciousness

false consciousness

1 points

Question 5
1.

Which of the following is false regarding social class?

Answer

Social class shapes one’s access to resources in society.

It is not possible for people to change whatever social class they are born into.

People in the same social class share similar opportunities.

It is not possible to directly observe social class.

1 points

Question 6
1.

Which of the following is true about the effects of gender on stratification?

Answer

All of these choices are true.

Based on their own

income

and

education

levels, most women would be considered middle-class

The median income for women is far below the national median income level.

When women have as much education as men, they have jobs that pay as well.

1 points

Question 7
1.

_____ sees inequality as a motivator of people to fill the different and necessary positions in society.

Answer

Symbolic interaction

ist theory

Conflict

theory

Functionalist

theory

Social exchange

theory

1 points

Question 8
1.

Class divisions in

the United States

have been growing due to which of the following factors?

Answer

Reductions in state and federal spending have eliminated many government jobs.
Manufacturing jobs in the U.S. are being eliminated.
Middle class people are being forced to take lower paying jobs.
			all of the above

1 points

Question 9
1.

Weber’s concept of party is what we now call ______.

Answer

	prestige
class
status
power

1 points

Question 10

The term for the total value of what one owns, minus one’s debts, is _____.

Answer

prestige

	income
class position
	wealth

1. Although the high-income countries have only 15 percent of the world’s population, together they use _____ of the world’s energy.

Answer

more than a half
	one-fourth
more than a third
three-fourths

1 points

Question 2
1.

Modernization derives some of its thinking from the work of _____ who argued that the value of individual achievement emphasized by Protestants promoted economic development during the Industrial Revolution.

Answer

Herbert Spencer

Max Weber

Karl Marx

Emile Durkheim

1 points

Question 3
1.

The total volume of goods and services produced by a country each year, divided by the population is called the ______.

Answer

the consumer index

per capita gross national income (per capita GNI)

production index

the net national product (NNP)

1 points

Question 4
1.

According to _____, poverty results from adherence to traditional values and customs.

Answer

social exchange theory

dependency theory

world systems theory

modernization theory

1 points

Question 5
1.

According to the text, world poverty is caused by

Answer

All of these choices are true.

unstable governments unable to provide basic services.

economies reorganized to pay debt decreasing resources for human services.

changes in the world economic system that have favored some economies over others.

1 points

Question 6
1.

Using power as a dimension, the countries of the world can be divided economically into three levels. Those with the most power are the _____.

Answer

cornerstone nations
semi peripheral countries
	peripheral countries
	core countries

1 points

Question 7
1.

The examples of India and China as newly industrializing countries are notable because they demonstrate

Answer

All of these choices are true.

that communist countries can develop economically.

that countries with large populations may experience successful economic development.

that economic development may take place without industrialization.

1 points

Question 8
1.

Which of these statements related to global stratification is true?

Answer

All of these choices are true.

All people in poor countries are poor.

Poor countries lack natural resources.

The majority of the world’s population lives in poor countries.

1 points

Question 9
1.

Burundi and Sierra Leone are examples of ______.

Answer

core countries

peripheral countries

hybrid countries

semi-peripheral countries

1 points

Question 10
1.

Which of these is a problem for countries with high birthrates?

Answer

a lack of workers and the need to import labor

strains on public services such as schools and hospitals

competition among adults over custody of the younger generation

a low death rate

1. In order to limit the number of immigrants, the U.S. government

Answer

All of these choices are true.

created ethnic quotas that limited the number of immigrants from places other than western and northern Europe.

subjected potential immigrants to literacy tests.

applied I.Q. tests in English to immigrants who were not English-speaking.

1 points

Question 2
1.

Which of these statements regarding the racial system in Brazil is false?

Answer

All of these choices are true.

In Brazil a person is considered Black only if they have no discernible White ancestry.

A person who might be considered Black in the U.S. would be considered white in Brazil if they had high socioeconomic status.

Brazil has successfully created a nation in which there is no social inequality based on

race

1 points

Question 3
1.

Which of these statements regarding the position of Native Americans in this country is false?

Answer

Historical accounts have underrepresented the vast cultural and social heterogeneity of tribes prior to European conquest.

Today Native Americans have the highest poverty rate of any group in the U.S.

Only about one-fourth of Native Americans live on or near reservations today.

Native American populations were devastated by European diseases from which they had no immunity

1 points

Question 4
1.

Which of these statements regarding the judgments people make about others is false?

Answer

Most of the time the quick judgments that people make are remarkably comprehensive and accurate.

The judgments people make enable them to process a great deal of information very quickly.

Quickly categorizing the people one meets is a very common and widespread practice.

People make quick assessments and judgments about others in order to save time.

1 points

Question 5
1.

The Black power movement of the late 1960s

Answer

all of the above

rejected assimilation.

recognized the institutional power that Whites had over Blacks.

advocated separatism, under the leadership of Malcolm X.

1 points

Question 6
1.

The principle of ______ holds that stereotypes, especially negative ones, are often applied interchangeable from one group to another.

Answer

cultural relativism

selective

identity

stereotype interchangeability

universal applicability

1 points

Question 7
1.

The National Origins Quota Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants

Answer

from Mexico and Central America.

who could enter the U.S. on temporary working visas.

who were Jewish.

to the percentage equal to the numbers already in the U.S.

1 points

Question 8
1.

The histories of African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans are very different, however the text argues that they are similar to the extent that they all have experienced _____.

Answer

All of these choices are true.

a system of White supremacy

economic

exploitation

political disenfranchisement

1 points

Question 9
1.

William Julius Wilson believes the cause of the emergence of an urban underclass is

Answer

the “culture of poverty.”

economic and social structural deficits in society.

prejudice and racism.

too much immigration from some areas.

1 points

Question 10
1.

Study of salience characteristics in stereotyping indicates that

Answer

all societies base stereotypes about members of different groups on the same salient characteristics.

age and

sex

are the only characteristics to which stereotypes are almost never attached.

the choice of salient characteristics as the basis for stereotypes is culturally determined.

in the U.S. the salient characteristic used most often for stereotyping is

religion

1. Both functionalism and conflict theory

Answer

relate sexuality to the stability of the family.

understand sexuality in terms of the overall organization of society.

see sexuality in relation to power and the economic structure of society.

emphasize how sexual identities are socially constructed.

1 points

Question 2
1.

Sexual identity

Answer

is something that evolves over time.

is influenced by political movements and relationships with others.

sometimes undergoes a change at some time in one’s life.

all of these are true

1 points

Question 3
1.

Queer theory

Answer

only applies to transgender people.

takes the view that only one type of sexuality is normal.

considers sexual identity to be biologically based.

challenges the belief that one is either gay or straight.

1 points

Question 4
1.

Public opinion about abortion

Answer

has become increasingly liberal over time.

has become increasingly conservative over time.

has remained relatively constant over the last 20 years.

none of these; there is little research on public opinion about abortion.

1 points

Question 5
1.

Research findings indicate that gays and lesbians

Answer

do not assume dominant and submissive roles in their relationships.

generally have a negative impact on their children.

actively try to seduce or “recruit” straight people.

are mostly middle or upper class.

1. According to the text, what proportion of Americans believe that religion can solve all or most of society’s problems?

Answer

one-fourth

one-half

two-thirds

one-fifth

1 points

Question 2
1.

_____ theorists argue that families serve to socialize children into being obedient workers and good consumers to fit the needs of

capitalism

Answer

	Conflict
	Symbolic interaction
	Social exchange
	Functionalist

1 points

Question 3
1.

“Religion is the basis for intergroup conflict.” This statement most closely reflects _____.

Answer

functionalism

conflict theory

symbolic interaction theory

feminist theory

1 points

Question 4
1.

What type of marriage is most characteristic of the U.S. today?

Answer

polygamy

monogamy

serial monogamy

polygyny

1 points

Question 5
1.

Emile Durkheim argued that religion is

Answer

a distinct threat to social cohesion.

an institution that exists in direct opposition to the other institutions that exist in society.

a tool for class oppression.

functional for society because it reaffirms the social bonds that people have with each other.

1 points

Question 6
1.

Religion is an institutionalized system of _____ by which a group of people interprets and responds to what they feel is sacred and that provides answers to questions of ultimate meaning.

Answer

all of the above

symbols

beliefs

values

1 points

Question 7
1.

Sociologists sometimes measure the intensity and consistency of a person’s faith. This is termed _____.

Answer

religiosity

devotion

fundamentalism

theism

1 points

Question 8
1.

The largest religion in the world (measured in numbers of followers) is _____.

Answer

Buddhism

Christianity

Hinduism

Islam

1 points

Question 9
1.

Among industrialized nations, the country that provides the least support for maternity and childhood policies is _____.

Answer

the United States

Canada

Japan

Australia

1 points

Question 10
1.

Weber believed that the search for signs of religious salvation supported the development of _____.

Answer

Protestantism
religion
	capitalism
socialism

Question 1
1.

Sociologists believe that the most important factor in reducing the incidence of AIDS is

Answer

understanding the social networks and social norms for transmission of the disease.

new drug protocols for treatment.

education for protection against the disease.

a great deal more funding for health care clinics worldwide.

1 points

Question 2
1.

According to the text, which of these is a major contributor to skyrocketing health-care costs in the U.S.?

Answer

increasing costs of hospital care

the costs of malpractice insurance

third party payment system

All of these are causes.

1 points

Question 3
1.

The criticism of credentialism is most associated with _____.

Answer

social exchange theory

symbolic interaction theory

conflict theory

functionalism

1 points

Question 4
1.

The extent to which standardized tests accurately predict future college grades is called the _____ of the tests.

Answer

assessment capacity

predictive validity

analytical viability

reliability

1 points

Question 5
1.

Even if the poor had better access to health care services, they would still have lower health status because

Answer

All of these choices are true.

low-income neighborhoods are more likely to have elevated rates of pollution.

the psychological stress of financial burdens is related to ill health.

there are some detrimental personal habits, such as smoking, that are correlated with lower social class.

1 points

Question 6
1.

According to the _____ perspective, the fundamental problem of the health care system is that it produces some problems that contribute to disharmony in society.

Answer

symbolic interactionist

feminist

conflict

functionalist

1 points

Question 7
1.

W Level of formal education achieved is strongly correlated with _____.

Answer

income

wealth

occupational prestige

life satisfaction

1 points

Question 8
1.

The capacity for abstract thinking is referred to as _____.

Answer

mental ability

cognitive ability

psychosocial ability

intellectual ability

1 points

Question 9
1.

Education in the U.S. was made compulsory in _____.

Answer

1778

1920

1900

1860

1 points

Question 10
1.

Research in social epidemiology has found that

Answer

white women are more likely to die in childbirth than African American women.

cervical cancer is the only disease for which Whites have a higher rate than Black women.

the mortality rate for breast cancer among African American women is much higher than for White women.

death in during pregnancy is three times more likely for White women than for African American women.

Question 1
1.

Which of these statements regarding gays and lesbians in

the military

is false?

Answer

The policy “Don’t ask; don’t tell” has effectively kept gays and lesbians in the military from being discriminated against.

Homophobia is very pervasive within military culture.

There have long been gays and lesbians in service in the military.

The U.S. military does acknowledge that gays and lesbians have been serving in all branches of the armed forces.

1 points

Question 2
1.

According to the _____ model of state power, political power is diffused broadly throughout society and derives from the activities of interest groups.

Answer

feminist theory

autonomous state

pluralist

power elite

1 points

Question 3
1.

Sociologists define work as

Answer

productive activity that creates something of value, goods or services.

human activity in the public sphere.

human activity that is paid either by hourly wage or salary.

participation in any activity that increases the gross domestic product.

1 points

Question 4
1.

_____ theorists see economic restructuring as the result of tensions and power differences between groups vying for social and economic resources.

Answer

Social exchange

Conflict

Functionalist

Symbolic interaction

1 points

Question 5
1.

Which of the following is not included in the sociological concept of the state?

Answer

organized power and authority in society

the military

the court system

a state, like Alaska, within the U.S.

1 points

Question 6
1.

In terms of the frequency of occurrence of sexual harassment,

Answer

there is evidence that White women are harassed more often than women of color.

same-gender sexual harassment does not occur.

about three percent of sexual harassment cases involve men as the victims.

the rate has dropped to about only a fourth of working women who are ever harassed.

1 points

Question 7
1.

Autonomous state theory builds from the sociological discussion of _____ originally proposed by Max Weber.

Answer

capitalism

identity

solidarity

bureaucracy

1 points

Question 8
1.

According to research done for the Pentagon, _____ percent of women in the military have experienced sexual harassment including sexual coercion.

Answer

1 points

Question 9
1.

In the U.S. the class-based division of labor is correlated most closely with _____.

Answer

race

sex

education

age

1 points

Question 10
1.

Which of these types of work is valued most highly in the United States?

Answer

none of these choices

emotional labor

mental labor

manual labor

Question 1
1.

Organized Latino groups used the aftermath of the Loma Prieta earthquake in California to mobilize for better housing and other services. This example supports which type of social movement theory?

Answer

new social movement

political process

resource mobilization

exploitation

1 points

Question 2
1.

In the U.S., the most internal migration of African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians since WWI occurred _____.

Answer

during WWII

during the Depression

during the 1980s

in the early years of the 21ist century

1 points

Question 3
1.

For those opposed to permitting the self-selection of more than one race in the U.S. Census, an important argument is that

Answer

most people don’t really know what race they are.

there is no such thing as race, so multiracial makes no sense.

identifying as multiracial reduces the strength of numbers of already underrepresented minority groups.

None of these; there are no serious objections to the selection of more than one race.

1 points

Question 4
1.

According to modernization theory, the primary causes of social change are

Answer

changes in the economic structure.

technology and global development.

cycles of culture that advance and repeat.

evolution from less to more complexity.

1 points

Question 5
1.

Tönnies noted that in gesellschaft

Answer

all of the above

the role of the family is considerably less prominent than in gemeinschaft.

the level of interpersonal trust is less.

a high division of labor exists.

1 points

Question 6
1.

The pattern of disproportionate dumping of toxic waste and other forms of pollution in neighborhoods where the poor and people of color live is called _____.

Answer

industrial racism

polluter genocide

environmental racism

environmental inequity

1 points

Question 7
1.

Despite the revolutionary developments that have forestalled his predictions, Malthus made an important contribution by

Answer

creating the field of demography.

bringing attention to the limitations on subsistence and natural resources.

creating MSC: PICKUP positive checks on population increase.

promoting the development of better contraceptive.

Question 8
1.

Which of these types of collective behavior tends to persist over time longer than the others?

Answer

fads

riots

social movements

fashions

1 points

Question 9
1.

Studies of ecosystems have demonstrated that

Answer

it is impossible for the social sciences to interconnect with the biological sciences.

with proper management all resources can eventually be renewed.

there are many social problems that are much more pressing than the environment.

a disturbance in one element has an impact on the entire system.

1 points

Question 10
1.

Stage two of the demographic transition is characterized by

Answer

high birth and death rates.

high death rates and declining birth rates.

declining birth and death rates.

high birth rates and a declining death rate.

Part #2:

Answer these questions in short essay (at least 300 words)

1. List the major social institutions in our society (they overlap with the Agents of Socialization). Which of these institutions (or Agents) are more influential at what ages (Childhood, Adolescence, Adulthood, Late Adulthood)…?

2. Do you think we can we have unity in diversity? Why or Why not?

3. In your opinion, what are the different factors that lead someone to perform crime?

4. Do people perform crime out of their choice or circumstances?

5. Although class should not define someone…. do you think that the circumstances of class may shape the “trajectory” of one’s life…? Why or why not…?

6. n thinking about poverty, do you think it is due to structural/systemic reasons or due to the behaviors/choices of individuals? Or both?
What kinds of solutions might you suggest for dealing with the problem of poverty? In the US? In the world?

7. Explain your impressions of how race can be “socially constructed”, and give examples of how race can be socially “defined” and “redefined”, as cultures change.

8. Do you think there could be more than 2 sexes?
Do you think there could be more than 2 genders?
Explain your reasoning.

9. Interview an older adult, (preferably a grandparent, older family member, or friend of your family) choose American homestay, and ask this person how families have changed over the last couple of generations (e.g., in the last 50 years).
Include a list of your questions.
What similarities and differences do they see in families (over time), including family structures, traditions, activities, problems, etc….?

10. Examine the issue of Public versus Private Education, and Public versus Private Health Care.
From your own perspective, describe the pros and cons of having Public Education. Then describe the pros and cons of having Public Health Care.

11. Interview an older adult, (preferably a grandparent, older family member, chose my American dad’s roommate. and ask this person how the Economy has changed,
(particularly in the last 10-20 years but also over their lifetime),
for them and their family. Include a list of your questions.
What changes and/or trends have they observed and
how has it affected them, their lives, their work, their families, etc.
(including industry changes, income changes, work or profession choices,
family planning, etc.) ….?

12.

(Interview old family member or friend of your family), and ask this person what Social Changes they have observed
in their lifetime.
Include a list of your questions.
What social changes and/or trends have they observed and how has it affected them,
their lives, their work, their families, etc. (including Civil Rights, gender equality, the
Technology Revolution, Globalization, etc.) ….?

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