Social/Legal research project

3800 words min, APA format, due Saturday morning, must follow the attached guidelines

2 attachments, plus this link http://csgjusticecenter.org/nrrc/press-releases/bipartisan-leaders-set-to-reauthorize-landmark-criminal-justice-bill-gathering-celebrates-half-decade-of-recidivism-reduction/

122

TAT. 657 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

Public Law 110–199
110th Congress

An Act
To reauthorize the grant program for reentry of offenders into the community

in the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, to improve reentry
planning and implementation, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Second Chance Act of 2007:
Community Safety Through Recidivism Prevention’’ or the ‘‘Second
Chance Act of 2007’’.
SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
Sec. 3. Purposes; findings.
Sec. 4. Definition of Indian tribe.
Sec. 5. Submission of reports to Congress.
Sec. 6. Rule of construction.

TITLE I—AMENDMENTS RELATED TO THE OMNIBUS CRIME CONTROL AND
SAFE STREETS ACT OF 1968

Subtitle A—Improvements to Existing Programs
Sec. 101. Reauthorization of adult and juvenile offender State and local reentry

demonstration projects.
Sec. 102. Improvement of the residential substance abuse treatment for State of-

fenders pro

gram.

Sec. 103 Definition of violent offender for drug court grant program.
Sec. 104. Use of violent offender truth-in-sentencing grant funding for demonstra-

tion project activities.

Subtitle B—New and Innovative Programs To Improve Offender Reentry Services
Sec. 111. State, tribal, and local reentry courts.
Sec. 112. Prosecution drug treatment alternative to prison programs.
Sec. 113. Grants for family-based substance abuse treatment.
Sec. 114. Grant to evaluate and improve education at prisons, jails, and juvenile fa-

cilities.
Sec. 115. Technology Careers Training Demonstration Grants.

TITLE II—ENHANCED DRUG TREATMENT AND MENTORING GRANT
PROGRAMS

Subtitle A—Drug Treatment

Sec. 201. Offender reentry substance abuse and criminal justice collaboration pro-

gram.

Subtitle B—Mentoring

Sec. 211. Mentoring grants to nonprofit organizations.
Sec. 212. Responsible reintegration of offenders.

Second Chance
Act of 2007:
Community
Safety Through
Recidivism
Prevention.
42 USC 17501
note.

Apr. 9, 2008
[H.R. 1593]

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122 STAT. 658 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

Sec. 213. Bureau of prisons policy on mentoring contacts.
Sec. 214. Bureau of prisons policy on chapel library materials.

Subtitle C—Administration of Justice Reforms

CHAPTER 1—IMPROVING FEDERAL OFFENDER REENTRY
Sec. 231. Federal prisoner reentry initiative.
Sec. 232. Bureau of prisons policy on restraining of female prisoners.

CHAPTER 2—REENTRY RESEARCH

Sec. 241. Offender reentry research.
Sec. 242. Grants to study parole or post-incarceration supervision violations and

revocations.
Sec. 243. Addressing the needs of children of incarcerated parents.
Sec. 244. Study of effectiveness of depot naltrexone for heroin addiction.
Sec. 245. Authorization of appropriations for research.

CHAPTER 3—CORRECTIONAL REFORMS TO EXISTING LAW
Sec. 251. Clarification of authority to place prisoner in community corrections.
Sec. 252. Residential drug abuse program in Federal prisons.
Sec. 253. Contracting for services for post-conviction supervision offenders.

CHAPTER 4—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 261. Extension of national prison rape elimination commission.

SEC. 3. PURPOSES; FINDINGS.

(a) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the Act are—
(1) to break the cycle of criminal recidivism, increase public

safety, and help States, local units of government, and Indian
Tribes, better address the growing population of criminal
offenders who return to their communities and commit new
crimes;

(2) to rebuild ties between offenders and their families,
while the offenders are incarcerated and after reentry into
the community, to promote stable families and communities;

(3) to encourage the development and support of, and to
expand the availability of, evidence-based programs that
enhance public safety and reduce recidivism, such as substance
abuse treatment, alternatives to incarceration, and comprehen-
sive reentry services;

(4) to protect the public and promote law-abiding conduct
by providing necessary services to offenders, while the offenders
are incarcerated and after reentry into the community, in a
manner that does not confer luxuries or privileges upon such
offenders;

(5) to assist offenders reentering the community from incar-
ceration to establish a self-sustaining and law-abiding life by
providing sufficient transitional services for as short of a period
as practicable, not to exceed one year, unless a longer period
is specifically determined to be necessary by a medical or other
appropriate treatment professional; and

(6) to provide offenders in prisons, jails or juvenile facilities
with educational, literacy, vocational, and job placement serv-
ices to facilitate re-entry into the community.
(b) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following:

(1) In 2002, over 7,000,000 people were incarcerated in
Federal or State prisons or in local jails. Nearly 650,000 people
are released from Federal and State incarceration into commu-
nities nationwide each year.

(2) There are over 3,200 jails throughout the United States,
the vast majority of which are operated by county governments.
Each year, these jails will release more than 10,000,000 people
back into the community.

42 USC 17501.

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122 STAT. 659 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

(3) Recent studies indicate that over 2⁄3 of released State
prisoners are expected to be rearrested for a felony or serious
misdemeanor within 3 years after release.

(4) According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, expendi-
tures on corrections alone increased from $9,000,000,000 in
1982, to $59,600,000,000 in 2002. These figures do not include
the cost of arrest and prosecution, nor do they take into account
the cost to victims.

(5) The Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative
(SVORI) provided $139,000,000 in funding for State govern-
ments to develop and implement education, job training, mental
health treatment, and substance abuse treatment for serious
and violent offenders. This Act seeks to build upon the innova-
tive and successful State reentry programs developed under
the SVORI, which terminated after fiscal year 2005.

(6) Between 1991 and 1999, the number of children with
a parent in a Federal or State correctional facility increased
by more than 100 percent, from approximately 900,000 to
approximately 2,000,000. According to the Bureau of Prisons,
there is evidence to suggest that inmates who are connected
to their children and families are more likely to avoid negative
incidents and have reduced sentences.

(7) Released prisoners cite family support as the most
important factor in helping them stay out of prison. Research
suggests that families are an often underutilized resource in
the reentry process.

(8) Approximately 100,000 juveniles (ages 17 years and
under) leave juvenile correctional facilities, State prison, or
Federal prison each year. Juveniles released from secure
confinement still have their likely prime crime years ahead
of them. Juveniles released from secure confinement have a
recidivism rate ranging from 55 to 75 percent. The chances
that young people will successfully transition into society
improve with effective reentry and aftercare programs.

(9) Studies have shown that between 15 percent and 27
percent of prisoners expect to go to homeless shelters upon
release from prison.

(10) Fifty-seven percent of Federal and 70 percent of State
inmates used drugs regularly before going to prison, and the
Bureau of Justice statistics report titled ‘‘Trends in State
Parole, 1990–2000’’ estimates the use of drugs or alcohol around
the time of the offense that resulted in the incarceration of
the inmate at as high as 84 percent.

(11) Family-based treatment programs have proven results
for serving the special populations of female offenders and
substance abusers with children. An evaluation by the Sub-
stance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration of
family-based treatment for substance-abusing mothers and chil-
dren found that 6 months after such treatment, 60 percent
of the mothers remained alcohol and drug free, and drug-
related offenses declined from 28 percent to 7 percent. Addition-
ally, a 2003 evaluation of residential family-based treatment
programs revealed that 60 percent of mothers remained clean
and sober 6 months after treatment, criminal arrests declined
by 43 percent, and 88 percent of the children treated in the
program with their mothers remained stabilized.

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122 STAT. 660 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

(12) A Bureau of Justice Statistics analysis indicated that
only 33 percent of Federal inmates and 36 percent of State
inmates had participated in residential in-patient treatment
programs for alcohol and drug abuse 12 months before their
release. Further, over one-third of all jail inmates have some
physical or mental disability and 25 percent of jail inmates
have been treated at some time for a mental or emotional
problem.

(13) State Substance Abuse Agency Directors, also known
as Single State Authorities, manage the publicly funded sub-
stance abuse prevention and treatment system of the Nation.
Single State Authorities are responsible for planning and imple-
menting statewide systems of care that provide clinically appro-
priate substance abuse services. Given the high rate of sub-
stance use disorders among offenders reentering our commu-
nities, successful reentry programs require close interaction
and collaboration with each Single State Authority as the pro-
gram is planned, implemented, and evaluated.

(14) According to the National Institute of Literacy, 70
percent of all prisoners function at the lowest literacy levels.

(15) Less than 32 percent of State prison inmates have
a high school diploma or a higher level of education, compared
to 82 percent of the general population.

(16) Approximately 38 percent of inmates who completed
11 years or less of school were not working before entry into
prison.

(17) The percentage of State prisoners participating in edu-
cational programs decreased by more than 8 percent between
1991 and 1997, despite growing evidence of how educational
programming while incarcerated reduces recidivism.

(18) The National Institute of Justice has found that 1
year after release, up to 60 percent of former inmates are
not employed.

(19) Transitional jobs programs have proven to help people
with criminal records to successfully return to the workplace
and to the community, and therefore can reduce recidivism.

SEC. 4. DEFINITION OF INDIAN TRIBE.

In this Act, the term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ has the meaning given
that term in section 901 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe
Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3791).
SEC. 5. SUBMISSION OF REPORTS TO CONGRESS.

Not later than January 31 of each year, the Attorney General
shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate
and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives
each report required by the Attorney General under this Act or
an amendment made by this Act during the preceding year.
SEC. 6. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in this Act or an amendment made by this Act shall
be construed as creating a right or entitlement to assistance or
services for any individual, program, or grant recipient. Each grant
made under this Act or an amendment made by this Act shall—

(1) be made as competitive grants to eligible entities for
a 12-month period, except that grants awarded under section
113, 201, 211, and 212 may be made for a 24-month period;
and

42 USC 17504.

42 USC 17503.

42 USC 17502.

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122 STAT. 661 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

(2) require that services for participants, when necessary
and appropriate, be transferred from programs funded under
this Act or the amendment made by this Act, respectively,
to State and community-based programs not funded under this
Act or the amendment made by this Act, respectively, before
the expiration of the grant.

TITLE I—AMENDMENTS RELATED TO
THE OMNIBUS CRIME CONTROL AND
SAFE STREETS ACT OF 1968

Subtitle A—Improvements to Existing
Programs

SEC. 101. REAUTHORIZATION OF ADULT AND JUVENILE OFFENDER
STATE AND LOCAL REENTRY DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.

(a) ADULT AND JUVENILE OFFENDER DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS
AUTHORIZED.—Section 2976(b) of the Omnibus Crime Control and
Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797w(b)) is amended by striking
paragraphs (1) through (4) and inserting the following:

‘‘(1) providing offenders in prisons, jails, or juvenile facili-
ties with educational, literacy, vocational, and job placement
services to facilitate re-entry into the community;

‘‘(2) providing substance abuse treatment and services
(including providing a full continuum of substance abuse treat-
ment services that encompasses outpatient and comprehensive
residential services and recovery);

‘‘(3) providing coordinated supervision and comprehensive
services for offenders upon release from prison, jail, or a juve-
nile facility, including housing and mental and physical health
care to facilitate re-entry into the community, and which, to
the extent applicable, are provided by community-based entities
(including coordinated reentry veteran-specific services for
eligible veterans);

‘‘(4) providing programs that—
‘‘(A) encourage offenders to develop safe, healthy, and

responsible family relationships and parent-child relation-
ships; and

‘‘(B) involve the entire family unit in comprehensive
reentry services (as appropriate to the safety, security,
and well-being of the family and child);
‘‘(5) encouraging the involvement of prison, jail, or juvenile

facility mentors in the reentry process and enabling those men-
tors to remain in contact with offenders while in custody and
after reentry into the community;

‘‘(6) providing victim-appropriate services, encouraging the
timely and complete payment of restitution and fines by
offenders to victims, and providing services such as security
and counseling to victims upon release of offenders; and

‘‘(7) protecting communities against dangerous offenders
by using validated assessment tools to assess the risk factors
of returning inmates and developing or adopting procedures
to ensure that dangerous felons are not released from prison
prematurely.’’.

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122 STAT. 662 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

(b) JUVENILE OFFENDER DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS REAUTHOR-
IZED.—Section 2976(c) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe
Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797w(c)) is amended by striking
‘‘may be expended for’’ and all that follows through the period
at the end and inserting ‘‘may be expended for any activity described
in subsection (b).’’.

(c) APPLICATIONS; REQUIREMENTS; PRIORITIES; PERFORMANCE
MEASUREMENTS.—Section 2976 of the Omnibus Crime Control and
Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797w) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (o); and
(2) by striking subsections (d) through (g) and inserting

the following:
‘‘(d) APPLICATIONS.—A State, unit of local government, territory,

or Indian Tribe, or combination thereof, desiring a grant under
this section shall submit an application to the Attorney General
that—

‘‘(1) contains a reentry strategic plan, as described in sub-
section (h), which describes the long-term strategy and incor-
porates a detailed implementation schedule, including the plans
of the applicant to pay for the program after the Federal
funding is discontinued;

‘‘(2) identifies the local government role and the role of
governmental agencies and nonprofit organizations that will
be coordinated by, and that will collaborate on, the offender
reentry strategy of the applicant, and certifies the involvement
of such agencies and organizations;

‘‘(3) describes the evidence-based methodology and outcome
measures that will be used to evaluate the program funded
with a grant under this section, and specifically explains how
such measurements will provide valid measures of the impact
of that program; and

‘‘(4) describes how the project could be broadly replicated
if demonstrated to be effective.
‘‘(e) REQUIREMENTS.—The Attorney General may make a grant

to an applicant under this section only if the application—
‘‘(1) reflects explicit support of the chief executive officer

of the State, unit of local government, territory, or Indian
Tribe applying for a grant under this section;

‘‘(2) provides extensive discussion of the role of State correc-
tions departments, community corrections agencies, juvenile
justice systems, or local jail systems in ensuring successful
reentry of offenders into their communities;

‘‘(3) provides extensive evidence of collaboration with State
and local government agencies overseeing health, housing, child
welfare, education, substance abuse, victims services, and
employment services, and with local law enforcement agencies;

‘‘(4) provides a plan for analysis of the statutory, regulatory,
rules-based, and practice-based hurdles to reintegration of
offenders into the community; and

‘‘(5) includes the use of a State, local, territorial, or Tribal
task force, described in subsection (i), to carry out the activities
funded under the grant.
‘‘(f) PRIORITY CONSIDERATIONS.—The Attorney General shall

give priority to grant applications under this section that best—
‘‘(1) focus initiative on geographic areas with a dispropor-

tionate population of offenders released from prisons, jails,
and juvenile facilities;

Certification.

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122 STAT. 663 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

‘‘(2) include—
‘‘(A) input from nonprofit organizations, in any case

where relevant input is available and appropriate to the
grant application;

‘‘(B) consultation with crime victims and offenders who
are released from prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities; and

‘‘(C) coordination with families of offenders;
‘‘(3) demonstrate effective case assessment and manage-

ment abilities in order to provide comprehensive and continuous
reentry, including—

‘‘(A) planning while offenders are in prison, jail, or
a juvenile facility, prerelease transition housing, and
community release;

‘‘(B) establishing prerelease planning procedures to
ensure that the eligibility of an offender for Federal or
State benefits upon release is established prior to release,
subject to any limitations in law, and to ensure that
offenders obtain all necessary referrals for reentry services;
and

‘‘(C) delivery of continuous and appropriate drug treat-
ment, medical care, job training and placement, educational
services, or any other service or support needed for reentry;
‘‘(4) review the process by which the applicant adjudicates

violations of parole, probation, or supervision following release
from prison, jail, or a juvenile facility, taking into account
public safety and the use of graduated, community-based sanc-
tions for minor and technical violations of parole, probation,
or supervision (specifically those violations that are not other-
wise, and independently, a violation of law);

‘‘(5) provide for an independent evaluation of reentry pro-
grams that include, to the maximum extent possible, random
assignment and controlled studies to determine the effective-
ness of such programs; and

‘‘(6) target high-risk offenders for reentry programs through
validated assessment tools.
‘‘(g) USES OF GRANT FUNDS.—

‘‘(1) FEDERAL SHARE.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Federal share of a grant

received under this section may not exceed 50 percent
of the project funded under such grant.

‘‘(B) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS.—
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause (ii), the

recipient of a grant under this section may meet the
matching requirement under subparagraph (A) by
making in-kind contributions of goods or services that
are directly related to the purpose for which such grant
was awarded.

‘‘(ii) MAXIMUM PERCENTAGE.—Not more than 50
percent of the amount provided by a recipient of a
grant under this section to meet the matching require-
ment under subparagraph (A) may be provided through
in-kind contributions under clause (i).

‘‘(2) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—Federal funds received
under this section shall be used to supplement, not supplant,
non-Federal funds that would otherwise be available for the
activities funded under this section.
‘‘(h) REENTRY STRATEGIC PLAN.—

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122 STAT. 664 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As a condition of receiving financial
assistance under this section, each applicant shall develop a
comprehensive strategic reentry plan that contains measurable
annual and 5-year performance outcomes, and that uses, to
the maximum extent possible, random assigned and controlled
studies to determine the effectiveness of the program funded
with a grant under this section. One goal of that plan shall
be to reduce the rate of recidivism (as defined by the Attorney
General, consistent with the research on offender reentry
undertaken by the Bureau of Justice Statistics) by 50 percent
over a 5-year period for offenders released from prison, jail,
or a juvenile facility who are served with funds made available
under this section.

‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—In developing a reentry plan under
this subsection, an applicant shall coordinate with communities
and stakeholders, including persons in the fields of public
safety, juvenile and adult corrections, housing, health, edu-
cation, substance abuse, children and families, victims services,
employment, and business and members of nonprofit organiza-
tions that can provide reentry services.

‘‘(3) MEASUREMENTS OF PROGRESS.—Each reentry plan
developed under this subsection shall measure the progress
of the applicant toward increasing public safety by reducing
rates of recidivism and enabling released offenders to transition
successfully back into their communities.
‘‘(i) REENTRY TASK FORCE.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As a condition of receiving financial
assistance under this section, each applicant shall establish
or empower a Reentry Task Force, or other relevant convening
authority, to—

‘‘(A) examine ways to pool resources and funding
streams to promote lower recidivism rates for returning
offenders and minimize the harmful effects of offenders’
time in prison, jail, or a juvenile facility on families and
communities of offenders by collecting data and best prac-
tices in offender reentry from demonstration grantees and
other agencies and organizations; and

‘‘(B) provide the analysis described in subsection (e)(4).
‘‘(2) MEMBERSHIP.—The task force or other authority under

this subsection shall be comprised of—
‘‘(A) relevant State, Tribal, territorial, or local leaders;

and
‘‘(B) representatives of relevant—

‘‘(i) agencies;
‘‘(ii) service providers;
‘‘(iii) nonprofit organizations; and
‘‘(iv) stakeholders.

‘‘(j) STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each applicant shall identify in the

reentry strategic plan developed under subsection (h), specific
performance outcomes relating to the long-term goals of
increasing public safety and reducing recidivism.

‘‘(2) PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES.—The performance outcomes
identified under paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to
offenders released back into the community—

‘‘(A) reduction in recidivism rates, which shall be
reported in accordance with the measure selected by the

Establishment.

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122 STAT. 665 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics under section
234(c)(2) of the Second Chance Act of 2007;

‘‘(B) reduction in crime;
‘‘(C) increased employment and education opportuni-

ties;
‘‘(D) reduction in violations of conditions of supervised

release;
‘‘(E) increased payment of child support;
‘‘(F) increased housing opportunities;
‘‘(G) reduction in drug and alcohol abuse; and
‘‘(H) increased participation in substance abuse and

mental health services.
‘‘(3) OTHER OUTCOMES.—A grantee under this section may

include in the reentry strategic plan developed under subsection
(h) other performance outcomes that increase the success rates
of offenders who transition from prison, jails, or juvenile facili-
ties.

‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—A grantee under this section shall
coordinate with communities and stakeholders about the selec-
tion of performance outcomes identified by the applicant, and
shall consult with the Attorney General for assistance with
data collection and measurement activities as provided for in
the grant application materials.

‘‘(5) REPORT.—Each grantee under this section shall submit
to the Attorney General an annual report that—

‘‘(A) identifies the progress of the grantee toward
achieving its strategic performance outcomes; and

‘‘(B) describes other activities conducted by the grantee
to increase the success rates of the reentry population,
such as programs that foster effective risk management
and treatment programming, offender accountability, and
community and victim participation.

‘‘(k) PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General, in consultation

with grantees under this section, shall—
‘‘(A) identify primary and secondary sources of informa-

tion to support the measurement of the performance indica-
tors identified under this section;

‘‘(B) identify sources and methods of data collection
in support of performance measurement required under
this section;

‘‘(C) provide to all grantees technical assistance and
training on performance measures and data collection for
purposes of this section; and

‘‘(D) consult with the Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration and the National Institute
on Drug Abuse on strategic performance outcome measures
and data collection for purposes of this section relating
to substance abuse and mental health.
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—The Attorney General shall coordinate

with other Federal agencies to identify national and other
sources of information to support performance measurement
of grantees.

‘‘(3) STANDARDS FOR ANALYSIS.—Any statistical analysis of
population data conducted pursuant to this section shall be
conducted in accordance with the Federal Register Notice dated
October 30, 1997, relating to classification standards.

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122 STAT. 666 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

‘‘(l) FUTURE ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible to receive a grant under
this section in any fiscal year after the fiscal year in which a
grantee receives a grant under this section, a grantee shall submit
to the Attorney General such information as is necessary to dem-
onstrate that—

‘‘(1) the grantee has adopted a reentry plan that reflects
input from nonprofit organizations, in any case where relevant
input is available and appropriate to the grant application;

‘‘(2) the reentry plan of the grantee includes performance
measures to assess progress of the grantee toward a 10 percent
reduction in the rate of recidivism over a 2-year period;

‘‘(3) the grantee will coordinate with the Attorney General,
nonprofit organizations (if relevant input from nonprofit
organizations is available and appropriate), and other experts
regarding the selection and implementation of the performance
measures described in subsection (k); and

‘‘(4) the grantee has made adequate progress, as determined
by the Attorney General, toward reducing the rate of recidivism
by 10 percent over a 2-year period.
‘‘(m) NATIONAL ADULT AND JUVENILE OFFENDER REENTRY

RESOURCE CENTER.—
‘‘(1) AUTHORITY.—The Attorney General may, using

amounts made available to carry out this subsection, make
a grant to an eligible organization to provide for the establish-
ment of a National Adult and Juvenile Offender Reentry
Resource Center.

‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE ORGANIZATION.—An organization eligible for
the grant under paragraph (1) is any national nonprofit
organization approved by the Interagency Task Force on Fed-
eral Programs and Activities Relating to the Reentry of
Offenders Into the Community, that provides technical assist-
ance and training to, and has special expertise and broad,
national-level experience in, offender reentry programs,
training, and research.

‘‘(3) USE OF FUNDS.—The organization receiving a grant
under paragraph (1) shall establish a National Adult and Juve-
nile Offender Reentry Resource Center to—

‘‘(A) provide education, training, and technical assist-
ance for States, tribes, territories, local governments,
service providers, nonprofit organizations, and corrections
institutions;

‘‘(B) collect data and best practices in offender reentry
from demonstration grantees and others agencies and
organizations;

‘‘(C) develop and disseminate evaluation tools, mecha-
nisms, and measures to better assess and document coali-
tion performance measures and outcomes;

‘‘(D) disseminate information to States and other rel-
evant entities about best practices, policy standards, and
research findings;

‘‘(E) develop and implement procedures to assist rel-
evant authorities in determining when release is appro-
priate and in the use of data to inform the release decision;

‘‘(F) develop and implement procedures to identify effi-
ciently and effectively those violators of probation, parole,
or supervision following release from prison, jail, or a juve-
nile facility who should be returned to prisons, jails, or

Establishment.

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juvenile facilities and those who should receive other pen-
alties based on defined, graduated sanctions;

‘‘(G) collaborate with the Interagency Task Force on
Federal Programs and Activities Relating to the Reentry
of Offenders Into the Community, and the Federal Resource
Center for Children of Prisoners;

‘‘(H) develop a national reentry research agenda; and
‘‘(I) establish a database to enhance the availability

of information that will assist offenders in areas including
housing, employment, counseling, mentoring, medical and
mental health services, substance abuse treatment,
transportation, and daily living skills.
‘‘(4) LIMIT.—Of amounts made available to carry out this

section, not more than 4 percent of the authorized level shall
be available to carry out this subsection.
‘‘(n) ADMINISTRATION.—Of amounts made available to carry

out this section—
‘‘(1) not more than 2 percent of the authorized level shall

be available for administrative expenses in carrying out this
section; and

‘‘(2) not more than 2 percent of the authorized level shall
be made available to the National Institute of Justice to
evaluate the effectiveness of the demonstration projects funded
under this section, using a methodology that—

‘‘(A) includes, to the maximum extent feasible, random
assignment of offenders (or entities working with such
persons) to program delivery and control groups; and

‘‘(B) generates evidence on which reentry approaches
and strategies are most effective.’’.

(d) GRANT AUTHORIZATION.—Section 2976(a) of the Omnibus
Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797w(a))
is amended by striking ‘‘States, Territories’’ and all that follows
through the period at the end and inserting the following: ‘‘States,
local governments, territories, or Indian Tribes, or any combination
thereof, in partnership with stakeholders, service providers, and
nonprofit organizations.’’.

(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 2976(o) of the
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C.
3797w), as so redesignated by subsection (c) of this section, is
amended—

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘$15,000,000 for fiscal
year 2003’’ and all that follows and inserting ‘‘$55,000,000
for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010.’’; and

(2) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
‘‘(2) LIMITATION; EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION.—

‘‘(A) LIMITATION.—Of the amount made available to
carry out this section for any fiscal year, not more than
3 percent or less than 2 percent may be used for technical
assistance and training.

‘‘(B) EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION.—The Attorney General

shall ensure that grants awarded under this section are
equitably distributed among the geographical regions and
between urban and rural populations, including Indian
Tribes, consistent with the objective of reducing recidivism
among criminal offenders.’’.

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SEC. 102. IMPROVEMENT OF THE RESIDENTIAL SUBSTANCE ABUSE
TREATMENT FOR STATE OFFENDERS PROGRAM.

(a) REQUIREMENT FOR AFTERCARE COMPONENT.—Section
1902(c) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of
1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796ff–1(c)), is amended—

(1) by striking the subsection heading and inserting
‘‘REQUIREMENT FOR AFTERCARE COMPONENT’’; and

(2) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
‘‘(1) To be eligible for funding under this part, a State

shall ensure that individuals who participate in the substance
abuse treatment program established or implemented with
assistance provided under this part will be provided with
aftercare services, which may include case management serv-
ices and a full continuum of support services that ensure pro-
viders furnishing services under that program are approved
by the appropriate State or local agency, and licensed, if nec-
essary, to provide medical treatment or other health services.’’.
(b) DEFINITION.—Section 1904(d) of the Omnibus Crime Control

and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796ff–3(d)) is amended
to read as follows:

‘‘(d) RESIDENTIAL SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PROGRAM
DEFINED.—In this part, the term ‘residential substance abuse treat-
ment program’ means a course of comprehensive individual and
group substance abuse treatment services, lasting a period of at
least 6 months, in residential treatment facilities set apart from
the general population of a prison or jail (which may include the
use of pharmacological treatment, where appropriate, that may
extend beyond such period).’’.

(c) REQUIREMENT FOR STUDY AND REPORT ON AFTERCARE SERV-
ICES.—The Attorney General, through the National Institute of
Justice, and in consultation with the National Institute on Drug
Abuse, shall conduct a study on the use and effectiveness of funds
used by the Department of Justice for aftercare services under
section 1902(c) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets
Act of 1968, as amended by subsection (a) of this section, for
offenders who reenter the community after completing a substance
abuse program in prison or jail.
SEC. 103 DEFINITION OF VIOLENT OFFENDER FOR DRUG COURT

GRANT PROGRAM.

(a) DEFINITION.—Section 2953(a)(1) of the Omnibus Crime Con-
trol and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797u–2(a)(1)) is
amended by inserting ‘‘that is punishable by a term of imprisonment
exceeding one year’’ after ‘‘convicted of an offense’’.

(b) PERIOD FOR COMPLIANCE.—Notwithstanding section 2952(2)
of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42
U.S.C. 3797u–1(2)), each grantee under part EE of such Act shall
have not more than 3 years from the date of the enactment of
this Act to adopt the definition of ‘‘violent offender’’ under such
part, as amended by subsection (a) of this section.

(c) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 90 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall revise any regulations
or guidelines described in section 2952 of the Omnibus Crime Con-
trol and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797u–1) in accordance
with the amendments made by subsection (a). Such regulations
shall specify that grant amounts under part EE of such Act shall
be reduced for any drug court that does not adopt the definition

Deadlines.

42 USC 3797u–1
note.

42 USC 3797u–2
note.

Deadlines.

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of ‘‘violent offender’’ under such part, as amended by subsection
(a) of this section, within 3 years after such date of enactment.

SEC. 104. USE OF VIOLENT OFFENDER TRUTH-IN-SENTENCING GRANT
FUNDING FOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT ACTIVITIES.

(a) PERMISSIBLE USES.—Section 20102(a) of the Violent Crime
Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 13702(a))
is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end;
(2) in paragraph (3) by striking the period at the end

and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
‘‘(4) to carry out any activity referred to in section 2976(b)

of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
(42 U.S.C. 3797w(b)).’’.
(b) USE OF FUNDS APPROPRIATED.—Section 20108(b)(4) of the

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C.
13708(b)(4)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ‘‘Funds
obligated, but subsequently unspent and deobligated, may remain
available, to the extent as may provided in appropriations Acts,
for the purpose described in section 20102(a)(4) for any subsequent
fiscal year. The further obligation of such funds by an official
for such purpose shall not be delayed, directly or indirectly, in
any manner by any officer or employee in the executive branch.’’.

Subtitle B—New and Innovative Programs
To Improve Offender Reentry Services

SEC. 111. STATE, TRIBAL, AND LOCAL REENTRY COURTS.

Part FF of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe
Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797w et seq.) is amended by adding
at the end the following:

‘‘SEC. 2978. STATE, TRIBAL, AND LOCAL REENTRY COURTS.

‘‘(a) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.—The Attorney General may award
grants, in accordance with this section, of not more than $500,000
to—

‘‘(1) State, Tribal, and local courts; and
‘‘(2) State agencies, municipalities, public agencies, non-

profit organizations, territories, and Indian Tribes that have
agreements with courts to take the lead in establishing a
reentry court (as described in section 2976(b)(19)).
‘‘(b) USE OF GRANT FUNDS.—Grant funds awarded under this

section shall be administered in accordance with such guidelines,
regulations, and procedures as promulgated by the Attorney Gen-
eral, and may be used to—

‘‘(1) monitor juvenile and adult offenders reentering the
community;

‘‘(2) provide juvenile and adult offenders reentering the
community with coordinated and comprehensive reentry serv-
ices and programs such as—

‘‘(A) drug and alcohol testing and assessment for treat-
ment;

‘‘(B) assessment for substance abuse from a substance
abuse professional who is approved by the State or Indian

42 USC 3797w–2.

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122 STAT. 670 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

Tribe and licensed by the appropriate entity to provide
alcohol and drug addiction treatment, as appropriate;

‘‘(C) substance abuse treatment from a provider that
is approved by the State or Indian Tribe, and licensed,
if necessary, to provide medical and other health services;

‘‘(D) health (including mental health) services and
assessment;

‘‘(E) aftercare and case management services that—
‘‘(i) facilitate access to clinical care and related

health services; and
‘‘(ii) coordinate with such clinical care and related

health services; and
‘‘(F) any other services needed for reentry;

‘‘(3) convene community impact panels, victim impact
panels, or victim impact educational classes;

‘‘(4) provide and coordinate the delivery of community serv-
ices to juvenile and adult offenders, including—

‘‘(A) housing assistance;
‘‘(B) education;
‘‘(C) job training;
‘‘(D) conflict resolution skills training;
‘‘(E) batterer intervention programs; and
‘‘(F) other appropriate social services; and

‘‘(5) establish and implement graduated sanctions and
incentives.
‘‘(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section shall

be construed as preventing a grantee that operates a drug court
under part EE at the time a grant is awarded under this section
from using funds from such grant to supplement such drug court
in accordance with paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (b).

‘‘(d) APPLICATION.—To be eligible for a grant under this section,
an entity described in subsection (a) shall, in addition to any other
requirements required by the Attorney General, submit to the
Attorney General an application that—

‘‘(1) describes the program to be assisted under this section
and the need for such program;

‘‘(2) describes a long-term strategy and detailed
implementation plan for such program, including how the entity
plans to pay for the program after the Federal funding is
discontinued;

‘‘(3) identifies the governmental and community agencies
that will be coordinated by the project;

‘‘(4) certifies that—
‘‘(A) all agencies affected by the program, including

community corrections and parole entities, have been
appropriately consulted in the development of the program;

‘‘(B) there will be appropriate coordination with all
such agencies in the implementation of the program; and

‘‘(C) there will be appropriate coordination and con-
sultation with the Single State Authority for Substance
Abuse (as that term is defined in section 201(e) of the
Second Chance Act of 2007) of the State; and
‘‘(5) describes the methodology and outcome measures that

will be used to evaluate the program.
‘‘(e) FEDERAL SHARE.—

Certification.

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122 STAT. 671 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

‘‘(1) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—The Federal share of a
grant under this section may not exceed 50 percent of the
program funded under such grant.

‘‘(2) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (B), the

recipient of a grant under this section may meet the
matching requirement under paragraph (1) by making in-
kind contributions of goods or services that are directly
related to the purpose for which such grant was awarded.

‘‘(B) MAXIMUM PERCENTAGE.—Not more than 50 per-
cent of the amount provided by a recipient of a grant
under this section to meet the matching requirement under
paragraph (1) may be provided through in-kind contribu-
tions under subparagraph (A).
‘‘(3) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—Federal funds received

under this section shall be used to supplement, not supplant,
non-Federal funds that would otherwise be available for the
activities funded under this section.
‘‘(f) ANNUAL REPORT.—Each entity receiving a grant under this

section shall submit to the Attorney General, for each fiscal year
in which funds from the grant are expended, a report, at such
time and in such manner as the Attorney General may reasonably
require, that contains—

‘‘(1) a summary of the activities carried out under the
program assisted by the grant;

‘‘(2) an assessment of whether the activities are meeting
the need for the program identified in the application submitted
under subsection (d); and

‘‘(3) such other information as the Attorney General may
require.
‘‘(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated
$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010 to carry
out this section.

‘‘(2) LIMITATIONS; EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION.—
‘‘(A) LIMITATIONS.—Of the amount made available to

carry out this section in any fiscal year—
‘‘(i) not more than 2 percent may be used by the

Attorney General for salaries and administrative
expenses; and

‘‘(ii) not more than 5 percent nor less than 2 per-
cent may be used for technical assistance and training.
‘‘(B) EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION.—The Attorney General

SEC. 112. PROSECUTION DRUG TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE TO PRISON
PROGRAMS.

(a) AUTHORIZATION.—Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control
and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3711 et seq.) is amended
by inserting after part BB the following:

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122 STAT. 672 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

‘‘PART CC—PROSECUTION DRUG TREATMENT
ALTERNATIVE TO PRISON PROGRAM

‘‘SEC. 2901. GRANT AUTHORITY.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General may make grants
to State, Tribal, and local prosecutors to develop, implement, or
expand qualified drug treatment programs that are alternatives
to imprisonment, in accordance with this part.

‘‘(b) QUALIFIED DRUG TREATMENT PROGRAMS DESCRIBED.—For
purposes of this part, a qualified drug treatment program is a
program—

‘‘(1) that is administered by a State, Tribal, or local pros-
ecutor;

‘‘(2) that requires an eligible offender who is sentenced
to participate in the program (instead of incarceration) to
participate in a comprehensive substance abuse treatment pro-
gram that is approved by the State or Indian Tribe and licensed,
if necessary, to provide medical and other health services;

‘‘(3) that requires an eligible offender to receive the consent
of the State, Tribal, or local prosecutor involved to participate
in such program;

‘‘(4) that, in the case of an eligible offender who is sentenced
to participate in the program, requires the offender to serve
a sentence of imprisonment with respect to the crime involved
if the prosecutor, in conjunction with the treatment provider,
determines that the offender has not successfully completed
the relevant substance abuse treatment program described in
paragraph (2);

‘‘(5) that provides for the dismissal of the criminal charges
involved in an eligible offender’s participation in the program
if the offender is determined to have successfully completed
the program;

‘‘(6) that requires each substance abuse provider treating
an eligible offender under the program to—

‘‘(A) make periodic reports of the progress of the treat-
ment of that offender to the State, Tribal, or local pros-
ecutor involved and to the appropriate court in which the
eligible offender was convicted; and

‘‘(B) notify such prosecutor and such court if the eligible
offender absconds from the facility of the treatment pro-
vider or otherwise violates the terms and conditions of
the program, consistent with Federal and State confiden-
tiality requirements; and
‘‘(7) that has an enforcement unit comprised of law enforce-

ment officers under the supervision of the State, Tribal, or
local prosecutor involved, the duties of which shall include
verifying an eligible offender’s addresses and other contacts,
and, if necessary, locating, apprehending, and arresting an
eligible offender who has absconded from the facility of a sub-
stance abuse treatment provider or otherwise violated the terms
and conditions of the program, consistent with Federal and
State confidentiality requirements, and returning such eligible
offender to court for sentencing for the crime involved.

‘‘SEC. 2902. USE OF GRANT FUNDS.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—A State, Tribal, or local prosecutor that
receives a grant under this part shall use such grant for expenses

42 USC 3797q–1.

Notification.

42 USC 3797q.

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of a qualified drug treatment program, including for the following
expenses:

‘‘(1) Salaries, personnel costs, equipment costs, and other
costs directly related to the operation of the program, including
the enforcement unit.

‘‘(2) Payments for substance abuse treatment providers that
are approved by the State or Indian Tribe and licensed, if
necessary, to provide alcohol and drug addiction treatment
to eligible offenders participating in the program, including
aftercare supervision, vocational training, education, and job
placement.

‘‘(3) Payments to public and nonprofit private entities that
are approved by the State or Indian Tribe and licensed, if
necessary, to provide alcohol and drug addiction treatment
to offenders participating in the program.
‘‘(b) SUPPLEMENT AND NOT SUPPLANT.—Grants made under

this part shall be used to supplement, and not supplant, non-
Federal funds that would otherwise be available for programs
described in this part.
‘‘SEC. 2903. APPLICATIONS.

‘‘To request a grant under this part, a State, Tribal, or local
prosecutor shall submit an application to the Attorney General
in such form and containing such information as the Attorney
General may reasonably require. Each such application shall con-
tain the certification by the State, Tribal, or local prosecutor that
the program for which the grant is requested is a qualified drug
treatment program, in accordance with this part.
‘‘SEC. 2904. FEDERAL SHARE.

‘‘(a) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—The Federal share of a grant
under this part may not exceed 50 percent of the total costs of
the qualified drug treatment program funded under such grant.

‘‘(b) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), the recipient

of a grant under this part may meet the matching requirement
under subsection (a) by making in-kind contributions of goods
or services that are directly related to the purpose for which
such grant was awarded.

‘‘(2) MAXIMUM PERCENTAGE.—Not more than 50 percent
of the amount provided by a recipient of a grant under this
part to meet the matching requirement under subsection (a)
may be provided through in-kind contributions under paragraph
(1).

‘‘SEC. 2905. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.

‘‘The Attorney General shall ensure that, to the extent prac-
ticable, the distribution of grants under this part is equitable and
includes State, Tribal, or local prosecutors—

‘‘(1) in each State; and
‘‘(2) in rural, suburban, Tribal, and urban jurisdictions.

‘‘SEC. 2906. REPORTS AND EVALUATIONS.

‘‘For each fiscal year, each recipient of a grant under this
part during that fiscal year shall submit to the Attorney General
a report with respect to the effectiveness of activities carried out
using that grant. Each report shall include an evaluation in such
form and containing such information as the Attorney General

42 USC 3797q–5.

42 USC 3797q–4.

42 USC 3797q–3.

Certification.

42 USC 3797q–2.

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may reasonably require. The Attorney General shall specify the
dates on which such reports shall be submitted.
‘‘SEC. 2907. DEFINITIONS.

‘‘In this part:
‘‘(1) STATE OR LOCAL PROSECUTOR.—The term ‘State, Tribal,

or local prosecutor’ means any district attorney, State attorney
general, county attorney, tribal attorney, or corporation counsel
who has authority to prosecute criminal offenses under State,
Tribal, or local law.

‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE OFFENDER.—The term ‘eligible offender’
means an individual who—

‘‘(A) has been convicted, pled guilty, or admitted guilt
with respect to a crime for which a sentence of imprison-
ment is required and has not completed such sentence;

‘‘(B) has never been charged with or convicted of an
offense, during the course of which—

‘‘(i) the individual carried, possessed, or used a
firearm or dangerous weapon; or

‘‘(ii) there occurred the use of force against the
person of another, without regard to whether any of
the behavior described in clause (i) is an element of
the offense or for which the person is charged or con-
victed;
‘‘(C) does not have 1 or more prior convictions for

a felony crime of violence involving the use or attempted
use of force against a person with the intent to cause
death or serious bodily harm; and

‘‘(D)(i) has received an assessment for alcohol or drug
addiction from a substance abuse professional who is
approved by the State or Indian Tribe and licensed by
the appropriate entity to provide alcohol and drug addiction
treatment, as appropriate; and

‘‘(ii) has been found to be in need of substance abuse
treatment because that individual has a history of sub-
stance abuse that is a significant contributing factor to
the criminal conduct of that individual.’’.

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 1001(a) of
title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of
1968 (42 U.S.C. 3793(a)) is amended by adding at the end the
following new paragraph:

‘‘(26) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry
out part CC $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and
2010.’’.

SEC. 113. GRANTS FOR FAMILY-BASED SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREAT-
MENT.

Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act
of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3711 et seq.) is amended by inserting after
part CC, as added by this Act, the following:

‘‘PART DD—GRANTS FOR FAMILY-BASED
SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT

‘‘SEC. 2921. GRANTS AUTHORIZED.

‘‘The Attorney General may make grants to States, units of
local government, territories, and Indian Tribes to—

42 USC 3797s.

42 USC 3797q–6.

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‘‘(1) develop, implement, and expand comprehensive and
clinically-appropriate family-based substance abuse treatment
programs as alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent parent
drug offenders; and

‘‘(2) to provide prison-based family treatment programs
for incarcerated parents of minor children.

‘‘SEC. 2922. USE OF GRANT FUNDS.

‘‘Grants made to an entity under section 2921 for a program
described in such section may be used for—

‘‘(1) the development, implementation, and expansion of
prison-based family treatment programs in correctional facili-
ties for incarcerated parents with minor children (except for
any such parent who there is reasonable evidence to believe
engaged in domestic violence or child abuse);

‘‘(2) the development, implementation, and expansion of
residential substance abuse treatment;

‘‘(3) coordination between appropriate correctional facility
representatives and the appropriate governmental agencies;

‘‘(4) payments to public and nonprofit private entities to
provide substance abuse treatment to nonviolent parent drug
offenders participating in that program; and

‘‘(5) salaries, personnel costs, facility costs, and other costs
directly related to the operation of that program.

‘‘SEC. 2923. PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—A program for which a grant is made under
section 2921(1) shall comply with the following requirements:

‘‘(1) The program shall ensure that all providers of sub-
stance abuse treatment are approved by the State or Indian
Tribe and are licensed, if necessary, to provide medical and
other health services.

‘‘(2) The program shall ensure appropriate coordination
and consultation with the Single State Authority for Substance
Abuse of the State (as that term is defined in section 201(e)
of the Second Chance Act of 2007).

‘‘(3) The program shall consist of clinically-appropriate,
comprehensive, and long-term family treatment, including the
treatment of the nonviolent parent drug offender, the child
of such offender, and any other appropriate member of the
family of the offender.

‘‘(4) The program shall be provided in a residential setting
that is not a hospital setting or an intensive outpatient setting.

‘‘(5) The program shall provide that if a nonviolent parent
drug offender who participates in that program does not
successfully complete the program the offender shall serve an
appropriate sentence of imprisonment with respect to the
underlying crime involved.

‘‘(6) The program shall ensure that a determination is
made as to whether a nonviolent drug offender has completed
the substance abuse treatment program.

‘‘(7) The program shall include the implementation of a
system of graduated sanctions (including incentives) that are
applied based on the accountability of the nonviolent parent
drug offender involved throughout the course of that program
to encourage compliance with that program.

‘‘(8) The program shall develop and implement a reentry
plan for each participant.

42 USC 3797s–2.

42 USC 3797s–1.

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‘‘(b) PRISON-BASED PROGRAMS.—A program for which a grant
is made under section 2921(2) shall comply with the following
requirements:

‘‘(1) The program shall integrate techniques to assess the
strengths and needs of immediate and extended family of the
incarcerated parent to support a treatment plan of the incarcer-
ated parent.

‘‘(2) The program shall ensure that each participant in
that program has access to consistent and uninterrupted care
if transferred to a different correctional facility within the
State or other relevant entity.

‘‘(3) The program shall be located in an area separate
from the general population of the prison.

‘‘SEC. 2924. APPLICATIONS.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—An entity described in section 2921 desiring
a grant under this part shall submit to the Attorney General
an application in such form and manner and at such time as
the Attorney General requires.

‘‘(b) CONTENTS.—An application under subsection (a) shall
include a description of the methods and measurements the
applicant will use for purposes of evaluating the program involved.
‘‘SEC. 2925. REPORTS.

‘‘An entity that receives a grant under this part during a
fiscal year shall submit to the Attorney General, not later than
a date specified by the Attorney General, a report that describes
and evaluates the effectiveness of that program during such fiscal
year that—

‘‘(1) is based on evidence-based data; and
‘‘(2) uses the methods and measurements described in the

application of that entity for purposes of evaluating that pro-
gram.

‘‘SEC. 2926. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated
to carry out this part $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009
and 2010.

‘‘(b) USE OF AMOUNTS.—Of the amount made available to carry
out this part in any fiscal year, not less than 5 percent shall
be used for grants to Indian Tribes.
‘‘SEC. 2927. DEFINITIONS.

‘‘In this part:
‘‘(1) NONVIOLENT PARENT DRUG OFFENDER.—The term ‘non-

violent parent drug offender’ means an offender who is—
‘‘(A) a parent of an individual under 18 years of age;

and
‘‘(B) convicted of a drug (or drug-related) felony that

is a nonviolent offense.
‘‘(2) NONVIOLENT OFFENSE.—The term ‘nonviolent offense’

has the meaning given that term in section 2991(a).
‘‘(3) PRISON-BASED FAMILY TREATMENT PROGRAM.—The term

‘prison-based family treatment program’ means a program for
incarcerated parents in a correctional facility that provides
a comprehensive response to offender needs, including sub-
stance abuse treatment, child early intervention services, family
counseling, legal services, medical care, mental health services,

42 USC 3797s–6.

42 USC 3797s–5.

42 USC 3797s–4.

42 USC 3797s–3.

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nursery and preschool, parenting skills training, pediatric care,
physical therapy, prenatal care, sexual abuse therapy, relapse
prevention, transportation, and vocational or GED training.’’.

SEC. 114. GRANT TO EVALUATE AND IMPROVE EDUCATION AT
PRISONS, JAILS, AND JUVENILE FACILITIES.

Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act
of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3711 et seq.), is further amended—

(1) by redesignating part X as part KK; and
(2) by inserting after part II the following:

‘‘PART JJ—GRANT PROGRAM TO EVALUATE
AND IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL METHODS AT
PRISONS, JAILS, AND JUVENILE FACILITIES

‘‘SEC. 3001. GRANT PROGRAM TO EVALUATE AND IMPROVE EDU-
CATIONAL METHODS AT PRISONS, JAILS, AND JUVENILE
FACILITIES.

‘‘(a) GRANT PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Attorney General may
carry out a grant program under which the Attorney General may
make grants to States, units of local government, territories, Indian
Tribes, and other public and private entities to—

‘‘(1) evaluate methods to improve academic and vocational
education for offenders in prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities;

‘‘(2) identify, and make recommendations to the Attorney
General regarding, best practices relating to academic and voca-
tional education for offenders in prisons, jails, and juvenile
facilities, based on the evaluation under paragraph (1); and

‘‘(3) improve the academic and vocational education pro-
grams (including technology career training) available to
offenders in prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities.
‘‘(b) APPLICATION.—To be eligible for a grant under this part,

a State or other entity described in subsection (a) shall submit
to the Attorney General an application in such form and manner,
at such time, and accompanied by such information as the Attorney
General specifies.

‘‘(c) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the last day of
the final fiscal year of a grant under this part, each entity described
in subsection (a) receiving such a grant shall submit to the Attorney
General a detailed report of the progress made by the entity using
such grant, to permit the Attorney General to evaluate and improve
academic and vocational education methods carried out with grants
under this part.
‘‘SEC. 3002. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 to carry
out this part for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010.’’.
SEC. 115. TECHNOLOGY CAREERS TRAINING DEMONSTRATION

GRANTS.

(a) AUTHORITY TO MAKE GRANTS.—From amounts made avail-
able to carry out this section, the Attorney General shall make
grants to States, units of local government, territories, and Indian
Tribes to provide technology career training to prisoners.

(b) USE OF FUNDS.—Grants awarded under subsection (a) may
be used for establishing a technology careers training program
to train prisoners for technology-based jobs and careers during

42 USC 17511.

42 USC
3797dd–1.

42 USC 3797dd.

42 USC
prec. 3797ee.

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122 STAT. 678 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

the 3-year period before release from prison, jail, or a juvenile
facility.

(c) CONTROL OF INTERNET ACCESS.—An entity that receives
a grant under subsection (a) shall restrict access to the Internet
by prisoners, as appropriate, to ensure public safety.

(d) REPORTS.—Not later than the last day of each fiscal year,
an entity that receives a grant under subsection (a) during the
preceding fiscal year shall submit to the Attorney General a report
that describes and assesses the uses of such grant during the
preceding fiscal year.

(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized
to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each
of fiscal years 2009 and 2010.

TITLE II—ENHANCED DRUG TREAT-
MENT AND MENTORING GRANT PRO-
GRAMS

Subtitle A—Drug Treatment

SEC. 201. OFFENDER REENTRY SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND CRIMINAL JUS-
TICE COLLABORATION PROGRAM.

(a) GRANT PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Attorney General may
make competitive grants to States, units of local government, terri-
tories, and Indian Tribes, in accordance with this section, for the
purposes of—

(1) improving the provision of drug treatment to offenders
in prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities; and

(2) reducing the use of alcohol and other drugs by long-
term substance abusers during the period in which each such
long-term substance abuser is in prison, jail, or a juvenile
facility, and through the completion of parole or court super-
vision of such long-term substance abuser.
(b) USE OF GRANT FUNDS.—A grant made under subsection

(a) may be used—
(1) for continuing and improving drug treatment programs

provided at a prison, jail, or juvenile facility;
(2) to develop and implement programs for supervised long-

term substance abusers that include alcohol and drug abuse
assessments, coordinated and continuous delivery of drug treat-
ment, and case management services;

(3) to strengthen rehabilitation efforts for offenders by pro-
viding addiction recovery support services; and

(4) to establish pharmacological drug treatment services
as part of any drug treatment program offered by a grantee
to offenders who are in a prison or jail.
(c) APPLICATION.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—An entity described in subsection (a)
desiring a grant under that subsection shall submit to the
Attorney General an application in such form and manner
and at such time as the Attorney General requires.

(2) CONTENTS.—An application for a grant under subsection
(a) shall—

42 USC 17521.

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122 STAT. 679 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

(A) identify any agency, organization, or researcher
that will be involved in administering a drug treatment
program carried out with a grant under subsection (a);

(B) certify that such drug treatment program has been
developed in consultation with the Single State Authority
for Substance Abuse;

(C) certify that such drug treatment program shall—
(i) be clinically-appropriate; and
(ii) provide comprehensive treatment;

(D) describe how evidence-based strategies have been
incorporated into such drug treatment program; and

(E) describe how data will be collected and analyzed
to determine the effectiveness of such drug treatment pro-
gram and describe how randomized trials will be used
where practicable.

(d) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.—
(1) INTERIM REPORT.—Not later than September 30, 2009,

the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report that
identifies the best practices relating to—

(A) substance abuse treatment in prisons, jails, and
juvenile facilities; and

(B) the comprehensive and coordinated treatment of
long-term substance abusers, including the best practices
identified through the activities funded under subsection
(b)(3).
(2) FINAL REPORT.—Not later than September 30, 2010,

the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report on
the drug treatment programs funded under this section,
including on the matters specified in paragraph (1).
(e) DEFINITION OF SINGLE STATE AUTHORITY FOR SUBSTANCE

ABUSE.—The term ‘‘Single State Authority for Substance Abuse’’
means an entity designated by the Governor or chief executive
officer of a State as the single State administrative authority
responsible for the planning, development, implementation, moni-
toring, regulation, and evaluation of substance abuse services.

(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated

to carry out this section $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years
2009 and 2010.

(2) EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF GRANT AMOUNTS.—Of the
amount made available to carry out this section in any fiscal
year, the Attorney General shall ensure that grants awarded
under this section are equitably distributed among geographical
regions and between urban and rural populations, including
Indian Tribes, consistent with the objective of reducing recidi-
vism among criminal offenders.

Subtitle B—Mentoring

SEC. 211. MENTORING GRANTS TO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.

(a) AUTHORITY TO MAKE GRANTS.—From amounts made avail-
able to carry out this section, the Attorney General shall make
grants to nonprofit organizations and Indian Tribes for the purpose
of providing mentoring and other transitional services essential
to reintegrating offenders into the community.

42 USC 17531.

Certification.
Certification.

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122 STAT. 680 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

(b) USE OF FUNDS.—A grant awarded under subsection (a)
may be used for—

(1) mentoring adult and juvenile offenders during incarcer-
ation, through transition back to the community, and post-
release;

(2) transitional services to assist in the reintegration of
offenders into the community; and

(3) training regarding offender and victims issues.
(c) APPLICATION; PRIORITY CONSIDERATION.—

(1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible to receive a grant under
this section, a nonprofit organization or Indian Tribe shall
submit an application to the Attorney General at such time,
in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the
Attorney General may require.

(2) PRIORITY CONSIDERATION.—Priority consideration shall
be given to any application under this section that—

(A) includes a plan to implement activities that have
been demonstrated effective in facilitating the successful
reentry of offenders; and

(B) provides for an independent evaluation that
includes, to the maximum extent feasible, random assign-
ment of offenders to program delivery and control groups.

(d) STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES.—The Attorney Gen-
eral shall require each applicant under this section to identify
specific performance outcomes related to the long-term goal of stabi-
lizing communities by reducing recidivism (using a measure that
is consistent with the research undertaken by the Bureau of Justice
Statistics under section 241(b)(6)), and reintegrating offenders into
the community.

(e) REPORTS.—An entity that receives a grant under subsection
(a) during a fiscal year shall, not later than the last day of the
following fiscal year, submit to the Attorney General a report that
describes and assesses the uses of that grant during that fiscal
year and that identifies the progress of the grantee toward achieving
its strategic performance outcomes.

(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized
to be appropriated to the Attorney General to carry out this section
$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010.

SEC. 212. RESPONSIBLE REINTEGRATION OF OFFENDERS.

(a) ELIGIBLE OFFENDERS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—In this section, the term ‘‘eligible

offender’’ means an individual who—
(A) is 18 years of age or older;
(B) has been convicted as an adult and imprisoned

under Federal or State law;
(C) has never been convicted of a violent or sex-related

offense; and
(D) except as provided in paragraph (2), has been

released from a prison or jail for not more than 180 days
before the date on which the individual begins participating
in a grant program carried out under this section.
(2) EXCEPTION.—Each grantee under this section may

permit not more than 10 percent of the individuals served
with a grant under this section to be individuals who—

(A) meet the conditions of subparagraphs (A) through
(C) of paragraph (1); and

42 USC 17532.

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122 STAT. 681 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

(B) have been released from a prison or jail for more
than 180 days before the date on which the individuals
begin participating in the grant program carried out under
this section.
(3) PRIORITY OF SERVICE.—Grantees shall provide a priority

of service in projects funded under this section to individuals
meeting the requirements of paragraph (1) who have been
released from State correctional facilities.
(b) AUTHORITY TO MAKE GRANTS.—The Secretary of Labor may

make grants to nonprofit organizations for the purpose of providing
mentoring, job training and job placement services, and other com-
prehensive transitional services to assist eligible offenders in
obtaining and retaining employment.

be used for—
(A) mentoring eligible offenders, including the provi-

sion of support, guidance, and assistance in the community
and the workplace to address the challenges faced by such
offenders;

(B) providing job training and job placement services
to eligible offenders, including work readiness activities,
job referrals, basic skills remediation, educational services,
occupational skills training, on-the-job training, work
experience, and post-placement support, in coordination
with the one-stop partners and one-stop operators (as such
terms are defined in section 101 of the Workforce Invest-
ment Act of 1998 (29 U.S.C. 2801)) that provide services
at any center operated under a one-stop delivery system
established under section 134(c) of the Workforce Invest-
ment Act of 1998 (29 U.S.C. 2864(c)), businesses, and edu-
cational institutions; and

(C) providing outreach, orientation, intake, assess-
ments, counseling, case management, and other transi-
tional services to eligible offenders, including prerelease
outreach and orientation.
(2) LIMITATIONS.—

(A) CERTAIN SERVICES EXCLUDED.—A grant under this
section may not be used to provide substance abuse treat-
ment services, mental health treatment services, or housing
services, except that such a grant may be used to coordinate
with other programs and entities to arrange for such pro-
grams and entities to provide substance abuse treatment
services, mental health treatment services, or housing serv-
ices to eligible offenders.

(B) ADMINISTRATIVE COST LIMIT.—Not more than 15
percent of the amounts awarded to a grantee under this
section may be used for the costs of administration, as
determined by the Secretary of Labor.

(d) APPLICATION.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—

(A) APPLICATION REQUIRED.—A nonprofit organization
desiring a grant under this section shall submit an applica-
tion to the Secretary of Labor at such time, in such manner,
and accompanied by such information as the Secretary
of Labor may require.

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(B) CONTENTS.—At a minimum, an application for a
grant under this section shall include—

(i) the identification of the eligible area that is
to be served and a description of the need for support
in such area;

(ii) a description of the mentoring, job training
and job placement, and other services to be provided;

(iii) a description of partnerships that have been
established with the criminal justice system (including
coordination with demonstration projects carried out
under section 2976 of the Omnibus Crime Control and
Safe Streets Act of 1968, as amended by this Act,
where applicable), the local workforce investment
boards established under section 117 of the Workforce
Investment Act of 1998 (29 U.S.C. 2832)), and housing
authorities that will be used to assist in carrying out
grant activities under this section; and

(iv) a description of how other Federal, State, local,
or private funding will be leveraged to provide support
services that are not directly funded under this section,
such as mental health and substance abuse treatment
and housing.

(2) ELIGIBLE AREA.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘eligible
area’’ means an area that—

(A) is located within an urbanized area or urban
cluster, as determined by the Bureau of the Census in
the most recently available census;

(B) has a large number of prisoners returning to the
area each year; and

(e) PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES.—
(1) CORE INDICATORS.—Each nonprofit organization

receiving a grant under this section shall report to the Secretary
of Labor on the results of services provided to eligible offenders
with that grant with respect to the following indicators of
performance:

(A) Rates of recidivism.
(B) Entry into employment.
(C) Retention in employment.
(D) Average earnings.

(2) ADDITIONAL INDICATORS.—In addition to the indicators
described in paragraph (1), the Secretary of Labor may require
a nonprofit organization receiving a grant under this section
to report on additional indicators of performance.
(f) REPORTS.—Each nonprofit organization receiving a grant

under this section shall maintain such records and submit such
reports, in such form and containing such information, as the Sec-
retary of Labor may require regarding the activities carried out
under this section.

(g) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary of Labor may
reserve not more than 4 percent of the amounts appropriated to
carry out this section to provide technical assistance and for
management information systems to assist grantees under this
section.

Reports.

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(h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized
to be appropriated to the Secretary of Labor to carry out this
section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010.

SEC. 213. BUREAU OF PRISONS POLICY ON MENTORING CONTACTS.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall,
in order to promote stability and continued assistance to offenders
after release from prison, adopt and implement a policy to ensure
that any person who provides mentoring services to an incarcerated
offender is permitted to continue such services after that offender
is released from prison. That policy shall permit the continuation
of mentoring services unless the Director demonstrates that such
services would be a significant security risk to the released offender,
incarcerated offenders, persons who provide such services, or any
other person.

(b) REPORT.—Not later than September 30, 2009, the Director
of the Bureau of Prisons shall submit to Congress a report on
the extent to which the policy described in subsection (a) has
been implemented and followed.

SEC. 214. BUREAU OF PRISONS POLICY ON CHAPEL LIBRARY MATE-
RIALS.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall
discontinue the Standardized Chapel Library project, or any other
project by whatever designation that seeks to compile, list, or other-
wise restrict prisoners’ access to reading materials, audiotapes,
videotapes, or any other materials made available in a chapel
library, except that the Bureau of Prisons may restrict access to—

(1) any materials in a chapel library that seek to incite,
promote, or otherwise suggest the commission of violence or
criminal activity; and

(2) any other materials prohibited by any other law or
regulation.
(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section shall be

construed to impact policies of the Bureau of Prisons related to
access by specific prisoners to materials for security, safety, sanita-
tion, or disciplinary reasons.

Subtitle C—Administration of Justice
Reforms

CHAPTER 1—IMPROVING FEDERAL OFFENDER
REENTRY

SEC. 231. FEDERAL PRISONER REENTRY INITIATIVE.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General, in coordination with
the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, shall, subject to the avail-
ability of appropriations, conduct the following activities to establish
a Federal prisoner reentry initiative:

(1) The establishment of a Federal prisoner reentry strategy
to help prepare prisoners for release and successful reintegra-
tion into the community, including, at a minimum, that the
Bureau of Prisons—

42 USC 17541.

Deadline.

42 USC 17534.

Deadline.
42 USC 17533.

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(A) assess each prisoner’s skill level (including aca-
demic, vocational, health, cognitive, interpersonal, daily
living, and related reentry skills) at the beginning of the
term of imprisonment of that prisoner to identify any areas
in need of improvement prior to reentry;

(B) generate a skills development plan for each pris-
oner to monitor skills enhancement and reentry readiness
throughout incarceration;

(C) determine program assignments for prisoners based
on the areas of need identified through the assessment
described in subparagraph (A);

(D) ensure that priority is given to the reentry needs
of high-risk populations, such as sex offenders, career crimi-
nals, and prisoners with mental health problems;

(E) coordinate and collaborate with other Federal agen-
cies and with State, Tribal, and local criminal justice agen-
cies, community-based organizations, and faith-based
organizations to help effectuate a seamless reintegration
of prisoners into communities;

(F) collect information about a prisoner’s family rela-
tionships, parental responsibilities, and contacts with chil-
dren to help prisoners maintain important familial relation-
ships and support systems during incarceration and after
release from custody; and

(G) provide incentives for prisoner participation in
skills development programs.
(2) Incentives for a prisoner who participates in reentry

and skills development programs which may, at the discretion
of the Director, include—

(A) the maximum allowable period in a community
confinement facility; and

(B) such other incentives as the Director considers
appropriate (not including a reduction of the term of impris-
onment).

(b) IDENTIFICATION AND RELEASE ASSISTANCE FOR FEDERAL
PRISONERS.—

(1) OBTAINING IDENTIFICATION.—The Director shall assist
prisoners in obtaining identification (including a social security
card, driver’s license or other official photo identification, or
birth certificate) prior to release.

(2) ASSISTANCE DEVELOPING RELEASE PLAN.—At the request
of a direct-release prisoner, a representative of the United
States Probation System shall, prior to the release of that
prisoner, help that prisoner develop a release plan.

(3) DIRECT-RELEASE PRISONER DEFINED.—In this section,
the term ‘‘direct-release prisoner’’ means a prisoner who is
scheduled for release and will not be placed in prerelease cus-
tody.
(c) IMPROVED REENTRY PROCEDURES FOR FEDERAL PRISONERS.—

The Attorney General shall take such steps as are necessary to
modify the procedures and policies of the Department of Justice
with respect to the transition of offenders from the custody of
the Bureau of Prisons to the community—

(1) to enhance case planning and implementation of reentry
programs, policies, and guidelines;

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122 STAT. 685 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

(2) to improve such transition to the community, including
placement of such individuals in community corrections facili-
ties; and

(3) to foster the development of collaborative partnerships
with stakeholders at the national, State, and local levels to
facilitate the exchange of information and the development
of resources to enhance opportunities for successful offender
reentry.
(d) DUTIES OF THE BUREAU OF PRISONS.—

(1) DUTIES OF THE BUREAU OF PRISONS EXPANDED.—Section
4042(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(A) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end;
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and

inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(D) establish prerelease planning procedures that help

prisoners—
‘‘(i) apply for Federal and State benefits upon

release (including Social Security Cards, Social Secu-
rity benefits, and veterans’ benefits); and

‘‘(ii) secure such identification and benefits prior
to release, subject to any limitations in law; and
‘‘(E) establish reentry planning procedures that include

providing Federal prisoners with information in the fol-
lowing areas:

‘‘(i) Health and nutrition.
‘‘(ii) Employment.
‘‘(iii) Literacy and education.
‘‘(iv) Personal finance and consumer skills.
‘‘(v) Community resources.
‘‘(vi) Personal growth and development.
‘‘(vii) Release requirements and procedures.’’.

(2) MEASURING THE REMOVAL OF OBSTACLES TO REENTRY.—
(A) CODING REQUIRED.—The Director shall ensure that

each institution within the Bureau of Prisons codes the
reentry needs and deficits of prisoners, as identified by
an assessment tool that is used to produce an individualized
skills development plan for each inmate.

(B) TRACKING.—In carrying out this paragraph, the
Director shall quantitatively track the progress in
responding to the reentry needs and deficits of individual
inmates.

(C) ANNUAL REPORT.—On an annual basis, the Director
shall prepare and submit to the Committee on the Judiciary
of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the
House of Representatives a report that documents the
progress of the Bureau of Prisons in responding to the
reentry needs and deficits of inmates.

(D) EVALUATION.—The Director shall ensure that—
(i) the performance of each institution within the

Bureau of Prisons in enhancing skills and resources
to assist in reentry is measured and evaluated using
recognized measurements; and

(ii) plans for corrective action are developed and
implemented as necessary.

(3) MEASURING AND IMPROVING RECIDIVISM OUTCOMES.—
(A) ANNUAL REPORT REQUIRED.—

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122 STAT. 686 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

(i) IN GENERAL.—At the end of each fiscal year,
the Director shall submit to the Committee on the
Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the
Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report
containing statistics demonstrating the relative reduc-
tion in recidivism for inmates released by the Bureau
of Prisons within that fiscal year and the 2 prior fiscal
years, comparing inmates who participated in major
inmate programs (including residential drug treatment,
vocational training, and prison industries) with
inmates who did not participate in such programs.
Such statistics shall be compiled separately for each
such fiscal year.

(ii) SCOPE.—A report under this paragraph is not
required to include statistics for a fiscal year that
begins before the date of the enactment of this Act.
(B) MEASURE USED.—In preparing the reports required

by subparagraph (A), the Director shall, in consultation
with the Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics, select
a measure for recidivism (such as rearrest, reincarceration,
or any other valid, evidence-based measure) that the
Director considers appropriate and that is consistent with
the research undertaken by the Bureau of Justice Statistics
under section 241(b)(6).

first report required by subparagraph (A), the Director
shall establish goals for reductions in recidivism rates
and shall work to attain those goals.

(ii) CONTENTS.—The goals established under clause
(i) shall use the relative reductions in recidivism meas-
ured for the fiscal year covered by the first report
required by subparagraph (A) as a baseline rate, and
shall include—

(I) a 5-year goal to increase, at a minimum,
the baseline relative reduction rate of recidivism
by 2 percent; and

(II) a 10-year goal to increase, at a minimum,
the baseline relative reduction rate of recidivism
by 5 percent within 10 fiscal years.

(4) FORMAT.—Any written information that the Bureau
of Prisons provides to inmates for reentry planning purposes
shall use common terminology and language.

(5) MEDICAL CARE.—The Bureau of Prisons shall provide
the United States Probation and Pretrial Services System with
relevant information on the medical care needs and the mental
health treatment needs of inmates scheduled for release from
custody. The United States Probation and Pretrial Services
System shall take this information into account when devel-
oping supervision plans in an effort to address the medical
care and mental health care needs of such individuals. The
Bureau of Prisons shall provide inmates with a sufficient
amount of all necessary medications (which will normally con-
sist of, at a minimum, a 2-week supply of such medications)
upon release from custody.
(e) ENCOURAGEMENT OF EMPLOYMENT OF FORMER PRISONERS.—

The Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor,

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122 STAT. 687 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

shall take such steps as are necessary to educate employers and
the one-stop partners and one-stop operators (as such terms are
defined in section 101 of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998
(29 U.S.C. 2801)) that provide services at any center operated
under a one-stop delivery system established under section 134(c)
of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (29 U.S.C. 2864(c))
regarding incentives (including the Federal bonding program of
the Department of Labor and tax credits) for hiring former Federal,
State, or local prisoners.

(f) MEDICAL CARE FOR PRISONERS.—Section 3621 of title 18,
United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end
the following new subsection:

‘‘(g) CONTINUED ACCESS TO MEDICAL CARE.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to ensure a minimum standard

of health and habitability, the Bureau of Prisons should ensure
that each prisoner in a community confinement facility has
access to necessary medical care, mental health care, and medi-
cine through partnerships with local health service providers
and transition planning.

‘‘(2) DEFINITION.—In this subsection, the term ‘community
confinement’ has the meaning given that term in the application
notes under section 5F1.1 of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines
Manual, as in effect on the date of the enactment of the Second
Chance Act of 2007.’’.
(g) ELDERLY AND FAMILY REUNIFICATION FOR CERTAIN NON-

VIOLENT OFFENDERS PILOT PROGRAM.—
(1) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General shall conduct
a pilot program to determine the effectiveness of removing
eligible elderly offenders from a Bureau of Prisons facility
and placing such offenders on home detention until the
expiration of the prison term to which the offender was
sentenced.

(B) PLACEMENT IN HOME DETENTION.—In carrying out
a pilot program as described in subparagraph (A), the
Attorney General may release some or all eligible elderly
offenders from the Bureau of Prisons facility to home deten-
tion.

(C) WAIVER.—The Attorney General is authorized to
waive the requirements of section 3624 of title 18, United
States Code, as necessary to provide for the release of
some or all eligible elderly offenders from the Bureau of
Prisons facility to home detention for the purposes of the
pilot program under this subsection.
(2) VIOLATION OF TERMS OF HOME DETENTION.—A violation

by an eligible elderly offender of the terms of home detention
(including the commission of another Federal, State, or local
crime) shall result in the removal of that offender from home
detention and the return of that offender to the designated
Bureau of Prisons institution in which that offender was impris-
oned immediately before placement on home detention under
paragraph (1), or to another appropriate Bureau of Prisons
institution, as determined by the Bureau of Prisons.

(3) SCOPE OF PILOT PROGRAM.—A pilot program under para-
graph (1) shall be conducted through at least one Bureau of

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122 STAT. 688 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

Prisons facility designated by the Attorney General as appro-
priate for the pilot program and shall be carried out during
fiscal years 2009 and 2010.

(4) IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION.—The Attorney Gen-
eral shall monitor and evaluate each eligible elderly offender
placed on home detention under this section, and shall report
to Congress concerning the experience with the program at
the end of the period described in paragraph (3). The Adminis-
trative Office of the United States Courts and the United
States probation offices shall provide such assistance and carry
out such functions as the Attorney General may request in
monitoring, supervising, providing services to, and evaluating
eligible elderly offenders released to home detention under this
section.

(5) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
(A) ELIGIBLE ELDERLY OFFENDER.—The term ‘‘eligible

elderly offender’’ means an offender in the custody of the
Bureau of Prisons—

(i) who is not less than 65 years of age;
(ii) who is serving a term of imprisonment that

is not life imprisonment based on conviction for an
offense or offenses that do not include any crime of
violence (as defined in section 16 of title 18, United
States Code), sex offense (as defined in section 111(5)
of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act),
offense described in section 2332b(g)(5)(B) of title 18,
United States Code, or offense under chapter 37 of
title 18, United States Code, and has served the greater
of 10 years or 75 percent of the term of imprisonment
to which the offender was sentenced;

(iii) who has not been convicted in the past of
any Federal or State crime of violence, sex offense,
or other offense described in clause (ii);

(iv) who has not been determined by the Bureau
of Prisons, on the basis of information the Bureau
uses to make custody classifications, and in the sole
discretion of the Bureau, to have a history of violence,
or of engaging in conduct constituting a sex offense
or other offense described in clause (ii);

(v) who has not escaped, or attempted to escape,
from a Bureau of Prisons institution;

(vi) with respect to whom the Bureau of Prisons
has determined that release to home detention under
this section will result in a substantial net reduction
of costs to the Federal Government; and

(vii) who has been determined by the Bureau of
Prisons to be at no substantial risk of engaging in
criminal conduct or of endangering any person or the
public if released to home detention.
(B) HOME DETENTION.—The term ‘‘home detention’’ has

the same meaning given the term in the Federal Sentencing
Guidelines as of the date of the enactment of this Act,
and includes detention in a nursing home or other residen-
tial long-term care facility.

(C) TERM OF IMPRISONMENT.—The term ‘‘term of
imprisonment’’ includes multiple terms of imprisonment
ordered to run consecutively or concurrently, which shall

Reports.

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122 STAT. 689 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

be treated as a single, aggregate term of imprisonment
for purposes of this section.

(h) FEDERAL REMOTE SATELLITE TRACKING AND REENTRY
TRAINING PROGRAM.—

(1) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—The Director of the
Administrative Office of the United States Courts, in consulta-
tion with the Attorney General, may establish the Federal
Remote Satellite Tracking and Reentry Training (ReStart) pro-
gram to promote the effective reentry into the community of
high risk individuals.

(2) HIGH RISK INDIVIDUALS.—For purposes of this section,
the term ‘‘high risk individual’’ means—

(A) an individual who is under supervised release,
with respect to a Federal offense, and who has previously
violated the terms of a release granted such individual
following a term of imprisonment; or

(B) an individual convicted of a Federal offense who
is at a high risk for recidivism, as determined by the
Director of the Bureau of Prisons, and who is eligible
for early release pursuant to voluntary participation in
a program of residential substance abuse treatment under
section 3621(e) of title 18, United States Code, or a program
described in this section.
(3) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—The program authorized under

paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to high risk individ-
uals participating in such program, the following core elements:

(A) A system of graduated levels of supervision, that
uses, as appropriate and indicated—

(i) satellite tracking, global positioning, remote sat-
ellite, and other tracking or monitoring technologies
to monitor and supervise such individuals in the
community; and

(ii) community corrections facilities and home
confinement.
(B) Substance abuse treatment and aftercare related

to such treatment, mental and medical health treatment
and aftercare related to such treatment, vocational and
educational training, life skills instruction, conflict resolu-
tion skills training, batterer intervention programs, and
other programs to promote effective reentry into the
community as appropriate.

(C) Involvement of the family of such an individual,
a victim advocate, and the victim of the offense committed
by such an individual, if such involvement is safe for such
victim (especially in a domestic violence case).

(D) A methodology, including outcome measures, to
evaluate the program.

(E) Notification to the victim of the offense committed
by such an individual of the status and nature of such
an individual’s reentry plan.

(i) AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS FOR BUREAU OF
PRISONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney
General to carry out this section, $5,000,000 for each of fiscal
years 2009 and 2010.

Notification.

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122 STAT. 690 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

SEC. 232. BUREAU OF PRISONS POLICY ON RESTRAINING OF FEMALE
PRISONERS.

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
Act, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report on
the practices and policies of agencies within the Department of
Justice relating to the use of physical restraints on pregnant female
prisoners during pregnancy, labor, delivery of a child, or post-
delivery recuperation, including the number of instances occurring
after the date of enactment of this Act in which physical restraints
are used on such prisoners, the reasons for the use of the physical
restraints, the length of time that the physical restraints were
used, and the security concerns that justified the use of the physical
restraints.

CHAPTER 2—REENTRY RESEARCH

SEC. 241. OFFENDER REENTRY RESEARCH.

(a) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE.—The National Institute
of Justice may conduct research on juvenile and adult offender
reentry, including—

(1) a study identifying the number and characteristics of
minor children who have had a parent incarcerated, and the
likelihood of such minor children becoming adversely involved
in the criminal justice system some time in their lifetime;

(2) a study identifying a mechanism to compare rates of
recidivism (including rearrest, violations of parole, probation,
post-incarceration supervision, and reincarceration) among
States; and

(3) a study on the population of offenders released from
custody who do not engage in recidivism and the characteristics
(housing, employment, treatment, family connection) of that
population.
(b) BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS.—The Bureau of Justice

Statistics may conduct research on offender reentry, including—
(1) an analysis of special populations (including prisoners

with mental illness or substance abuse disorders, female
offenders, juvenile offenders, offenders with limited English
proficiency, and the elderly) that present unique reentry chal-
lenges;

(2) studies to determine which offenders are returning to
prison, jail, or a juvenile facility and which of those returning
offenders represent the greatest risk to victims and community
safety;

(3) annual reports on the demographic characteristics of
the population reentering society from prisons, jails, and juve-
nile facilities;

(4) a national recidivism study every 3 years;
(5) a study of parole, probation, or post-incarceration super-

vision violations and revocations; and
(6) a study concerning the most appropriate measure to

be used when reporting recidivism rates (whether rearrest,
reincarceration, or any other valid, evidence-based measure).

SEC. 242. GRANTS TO STUDY PAROLE OR POST-INCARCERATION
SUPERVISION VIOLATIONS AND REVOCATIONS.

(a) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.—From amounts made available to
carry out this section, the Attorney General may make grants

42 USC 17552.

42 USC 17551.

Deadline.
Reports.

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122 STAT. 691 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

to States to study and to improve the collection of data with respect
to individuals whose parole or post-incarceration supervision is
revoked, and which such individuals represent the greatest risk
to victims and community safety.

(b) APPLICATION.—As a condition of receiving a grant under
this section, a State shall—

(1) certify that the State has, or intends to establish, a
program that collects comprehensive and reliable data with
respect to individuals described in subsection (a), including
data on—

(A) the number and type of parole or post-incarceration
supervision violations that occur with the State;

(B) the reasons for parole or post-incarceration super-
vision revocation;

(D) the term of imprisonment or other penalty that
is imposed for the violation; and
(2) provide the data described in paragraph (1) to the

Bureau of Justice Statistics, in a form prescribed by the Bureau.
(c) ANALYSIS.—Any statistical analysis of population data under

this section shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal
Register Notice dated October 30, 1997, relating to classification
standards.

SEC. 243. ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF CHILDREN OF INCARCERATED
PARENTS.

(a) BEST PRACTICES.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—From amounts made available to carry

out this section, the Attorney General may collect data and
develop best practices of State corrections departments and
child protection agencies relating to the communication and
coordination between such State departments and agencies to
ensure the safety and support of children of incarcerated par-
ents (including those in foster care and kinship care), and
the support of parent-child relationships between incarcerated
(and formerly incarcerated) parents and their children, as
appropriate to the health and well-being of the children.

(2) CONTENTS.—The best practices developed under para-
graph (1) shall include information related to policies, proce-
dures, and programs that may be used by States to address—

(A) maintenance of the parent-child bond during incar-
ceration;

(B) parental self-improvement; and
(C) parental involvement in planning for the future

and well-being of their children.
(b) DISSEMINATION TO STATES.—Not later than 1 year after

the development of best practices described in subsection (a), the
Attorney General shall disseminate to States and other relevant
entities such best practices.

(c) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that
States and other relevant entities should use the best practices
developed and disseminated in accordance with this section to
evaluate and improve the communication and coordination between
State corrections departments and child protection agencies to
ensure the safety and support of children of incarcerated parents
(including those in foster care and kinship care), and the support

Deadline.

42 USC 17553.

Certification.

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of parent-child relationships between incarcerated (and formerly
incarcerated) parents and their children, as appropriate to the
health and well-being of the children.
SEC. 244. STUDY OF EFFECTIVENESS OF DEPOT NALTREXONE FOR

HEROIN ADDICTION.

(a) GRANT PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—From amounts made avail-
able to carry out this section, the Attorney General, through the
National Institute of Justice, and in consultation with the National
Institute on Drug Abuse, may make grants to public and private
research entities (including consortia, single private research enti-
ties, and individual institutions of higher education) to evaluate
the effectiveness of depot naltrexone for the treatment of heroin
addiction.

(b) EVALUATION PROGRAM.—An entity described in subsection
(a) desiring a grant under this section shall submit to the Attorney
General an application that—

(1) contains such information as the Attorney General
specifies, including information that demonstrates that—

(A) the applicant conducts research at a private or
public institution of higher education, as that term is
defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101);

(B) the applicant has a plan to work with parole officers
or probation officers for offenders who are under court
supervision; and

(C) the evaluation described in subsection (a) will
measure the effectiveness of such treatments using random-
ized trials; and
(2) is in such form and manner and at such time as the

Attorney General specifies.
(c) REPORTS.—An entity that receives a grant under subsection

(a) during a fiscal year shall, not later than the last day of the
following fiscal year, submit to the Attorney General a report that
describes and assesses the uses of that grant.
SEC. 245. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR RESEARCH.

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General
to carry out sections 241, 242, 243, and 244 of this chapter,
$10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2009 and 2010.

CHAPTER 3—CORRECTIONAL REFORMS TO EXISTING
LAW

SEC. 251. CLARIFICATION OF AUTHORITY TO PLACE PRISONER IN
COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS.

(a) PRERELEASE CUSTODY.—Section 3624(c) of title 18, United
States Code, is amended to read as follows:

‘‘(c) PRERELEASE CUSTODY.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Bureau of Prisons

shall, to the extent practicable, ensure that a prisoner serving
a term of imprisonment spends a portion of the final months
of that term (not to exceed 12 months), under conditions that
will afford that prisoner a reasonable opportunity to adjust
to and prepare for the reentry of that prisoner into the commu-
nity. Such conditions may include a community correctional
facility.

42 USC 17555.

42 USC 17554.

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122 STAT. 693 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

‘‘(2) HOME CONFINEMENT AUTHORITY.—The authority under
this subsection may be used to place a prisoner in home confine-
ment for the shorter of 10 percent of the term of imprisonment
of that prisoner or 6 months.

‘‘(3) ASSISTANCE.—The United States Probation System
shall, to the extent practicable, offer assistance to a prisoner
during prerelease custody under this subsection.

‘‘(4) NO LIMITATIONS.—Nothing in this subsection shall be
construed to limit or restrict the authority of the Director
of the Bureau of Prisons under section 3621.

‘‘(5) REPORTING.—Not later than 1 year after the date of
the enactment of the Second Chance Act of 2007 (and every
year thereafter), the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall
transmit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate
and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representa-
tives a report describing the Bureau’s utilization of community
corrections facilities. Each report under this paragraph shall
set forth the number and percentage of Federal prisoners placed
in community corrections facilities during the preceding year,
the average length of such placements, trends in such utiliza-
tion, the reasons some prisoners are not placed in community
corrections facilities, and any other information that may be
useful to the committees in determining if the Bureau is uti-
lizing community corrections facilities in an effective manner.

‘‘(6) ISSUANCE OF REGULATIONS.—The Director of the
Bureau of Prisons shall issue regulations pursuant to this sub-
section not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment
of the Second Chance Act of 2007, which shall ensure that
placement in a community correctional facility by the Bureau
of Prisons is—

‘‘(A) conducted in a manner consistent with section
3621(b) of this title;

‘‘(B) determined on an individual basis; and
‘‘(C) of sufficient duration to provide the greatest likeli-

hood of successful reintegration into the community.’’.
(b) COURTS MAY NOT REQUIRE A SENTENCE OF IMPRISONMENT

TO BE SERVED IN A COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS FACILITY.—Section
3621(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding
at the end the following: ‘‘Any order, recommendation, or request
by a sentencing court that a convicted person serve a term of
imprisonment in a community corrections facility shall have no
binding effect on the authority of the Bureau under this section
to determine or change the place of imprisonment of that person.’’.

SEC. 252. RESIDENTIAL DRUG ABUSE PROGRAM IN FEDERAL PRISONS.

Section 3621(e)(5)(A) of title 18, United States Code, is amended
by striking ‘‘means a course of’’ and all that follows and inserting
the following: ‘‘means a course of individual and group activities
and treatment, lasting at least 6 months, in residential treatment
facilities set apart from the general prison population (which may
include the use of pharmocotherapies, where appropriate, that may
extend beyond the 6-month period);’’.

SEC. 253. CONTRACTING FOR SERVICES FOR POST-CONVICTION
SUPERVISION OFFENDERS.

Section 3672 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by
inserting after the third sentence in the seventh undesignated

Deadline.

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122 STAT. 694 PUBLIC LAW 110–199—APR. 9, 2008

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—H.R. 1593:
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 110–140 (Comm. on the Judiciary).
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:

Vol. 153 (2007): Nov. 13, considered and passed House.
Vol. 154 (2008): Mar. 11, considered and passed Senate.

WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 44 (2008):
Apr. 9, Presidential remarks.

paragraph the following: ‘‘He also shall have the authority to con-
tract with any appropriate public or private agency or person to
monitor and provide services to any offender in the community
authorized by this Act, including treatment, equipment and emer-
gency housing, corrective and preventative guidance and training,
and other rehabilitative services designed to protect the public
and promote the successful reentry of the offender into the commu-
nity.’’.

CHAPTER 4—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SEC. 261. EXTENSION OF NATIONAL PRISON RAPE ELIMINATION
COMMISSION.

Section 7(d)(3)(A) of the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
(42 U.S.C. 15606(d)(3)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘3 years’’ and
inserting ‘‘5 years’’.

Approved April 9, 2008.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 08:14 Apr 14, 2008 Jkt 069139 PO 00199 Frm 00038 Fmt 6580 Sfmt 6580 E:\PUBLAW\PUBL199.110 APPS10 PsN: PUBL199dk
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Superintendent of Documents
2012-03-20T17:32:34-0400
US GPO, Washington, DC 20401
Superintendent of Documents
GPO attests that this document has not been altered since it was disseminated by GPO

CRJ570

Social Justice Project Guidelines

The Social Justice Project Paper will involve trend analysis, fact-finding policy analysis for

practitioner evidence-based decision-making, and a triangulation of criminal justice, social

justice, and responsible stewardship. The paper must be a minimum of 3,800 words in

length, but must not exceed 4,500 words.

The paper requires a minimum of 5 different non-worldwide web internet references. The

paper must be typewritten, double-spaced, standard margins, and follow the APA style and

format. The paper will be submitted through Turnitin.com. No previously submitted papers,

articles, reports or projects, in whole or part, to any university or college will be accepted. It

is expected that this will be your original work. No more than 15% of your entire document

can be quoted. The Social Justice Project Paper is 25% of your overall grade for this course.

The criminal justice system is the action mechanism for enforcing social ideologies and

policies related to acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. Moreover, the socially acceptable

sanctions and penalties are applied to law violators through the criminal justice system.

Certain sanctions carry periods of incarceration which can result in structural impediments

to re-entry as noted by convict criminologists. To place the re-entry issue into perspective,

according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), more than 700,000 state and federal

prisoners returned to their communities in 2010. Furthermore, 95 percent of state inmates

will be released into their communities at some point in time according to BJS. Today,

recidivism rates remain high though states invest more than $50 billion annually in

corrections. According to one 2011 Pew Center on States report, despite significant

increases in state funding of prisons, from a national perspective more than four in ten

offenders return to state prison within three years of their release. Recidivism is measured

by criminal violations or violations of conditions of parole or probation that resulted in the

re-arrest, reconviction, or return to prison with or without a new sentence during a three-

year period following the prisoner’s release at an average annual cost of $24,000 per

offender. Recidivism can represent new victims, higher tax expenditures associated with law

enforcement, prosecutorial, and judicial processes and re-incarceration, unsupported

families, public assistance, and other negative social ramifications. A 2007 forecasting

report by the Public Safety Performance Project of the Pew Charitable Trusts, stated “If

current trajectories continue, state and federal prisons will grow by 13 percent by 2013,

adding an additional 192,000 prisoners at a cost of $27.5 billion.”

Society is responsible for the laws and the sanctions, and society as a whole benefits from

the laws and sanctions when applied. Therefore, does social justice demand the removal of

impediments to reentry for those persons that have been subject to the societal sanctions

and deemed releasable by societal agents? Does social justice exist if intended and

unintended “social sanctions” deny access and opportunity which exceed the socially applied

legal sanctions in which it is implicit “the societal debt is paid”? If not, what is being done

from public and social policy perspectives, to achieve social justice by ultimately reducing

victimization, improving outcomes for offenders returning to their communities, and

favorably impacting recidivism by strengthening prisoner reentry?

To the latter question, it should be noted in April of 2008, Public Law 110-199, the Second

Chance Act of 2007: Community Safety through Recidivism Prevention (Title 42 U.S.Code,

Section 17501), was signed into law. The Purposes and Findings provided in Section Three

of the Act are detailed and significant in terms of insight into national reentry and recidivism

issues. You are required to review the full Act incident to this research and your review of

the Act must be evident in your paper. The Act passed with exceptional bipartisan

Congressional support in addition to considerable support from interdisciplinary leaders in

the public and private sectors.

An evidence-based approach to reducing crime and improving public safety is provided by

the Act in support of reentry programs and policies. The Act supports the following:

 Employment assistance and job-skills training

 Substance abuse treatment

 Housing assistance

 Family-based programming

 Individual and group mentoring, and

 Victim support

From Fiscal Year 2009 to Fiscal 2012 Congress authorized $171 million in aggregate funding

as a result of the Act. More than 300 local, state, or tribal public agencies and nonprofit

organizations from 48 states have received funding for reentry programs serving adults and

juveniles.

The Act reflects concerns raised by Convict Criminologists which embody what many would

consider to be social justice interests; particularly as related to so called “structural

impediments to reentry” into communities being among the catalysts contributing to

recidivism. For example, Ex-convict professor Edward Tromhauser, a convict criminologist,

asserts every “convict” requires a place to stay, employment, and emotional support

incident to reentry. The convict criminology group was formed at the American Society of

Criminology annual beginning in 1997. The term convict criminology was coined by Stephen

C. Richards and Jeffrey Ian Ross. The Convict School of Criminology is said to have been

formalized with a 2001 journal article and in the 2003 book Convict Criminology.

The States of Oregon, Michigan, and Missouri have experienced considerable success in

addressing prisoner reentry issues and reducing recidivism. Your paper must provide a

comprehensive overview of the National prisoner reentry and recidivism issues and recent

rates, and also provide details relative to the multiple initiatives and efforts undertaken in

the States of Oregon, Michigan, and Missouri that have produced success.

You will be graded with the following criteria:

 Provided a comprehensive National perspective and overview of recidivism rates and

trends and prisoner reentry issues; both impediments and initiatives for successful

reentry.

 Detailed, described, and explained the wide array of practices and policy initiatives in

the States of Oregon, Michigan, and Missouri, to successfully address re-entry

structural impediments and recidivism rates.

 Clearly addressed the potential future National applications, implications, and

ramifications of the identified successful practices and initiatives in the three States.

 Provided National recidivism rate trend data.

 Conclusion is evaluative, clearly stated, rational, logical and factually based.

 Writing and grammar skills are appropriate to the graduate level.

 Resources are completely and appropriately cited and referenced using APA Style.

 The SLU focus core value of responsible stewardship addressed speficically.

The final Social Justice Research Project paper is due to the Dropbox no later than Sunday

at 11:59 pm EST/EDT of Module 6. (This Dropbox basket is linked to Turnitin).

Grading Rubric: Following is the grading rubric to be used in evaluating the Social Justice

Project.

Exceptional corresponds to an A (93-100%). Performance is outstanding; significantly

above the usual expectations.

Proficient corresponds to a grade of B to A- (83-92%). Skills and standards are at the level

of expectation.

Basic corresponds to a C to B- (73-80%). Skills and standards are acceptable but

improvements are needed to meet expectations well.

Novice corresponds to a D (65 – 72%). Performance is weak; the skills or standards are not

sufficiently demonstrated at this time.

0 This criterion is missing or not in evidence.

Criteria

Rating

0 Novice Basic Proficient Exceptional

The paper extensively and

critically develops the National

perspective and comprehensive

overview of recidivism, recidivism

rates, trends in recidivism, and

prisoner reentry issues while

clearly articulating the student’s

findings, and providing a coherent

conclusion that is evaluative,

clearly stated, rational, logical and

factually based

20
1 – 5

6 –

10
11 -15 16 – 20

Details, describes, and explains

the wide array of practices and

policy initiatives for the States of

Oregon, Michigan, and Missouri,

that successfully address re-entry

structural impediments and

recidivism rates with appropriate

in-depth analysis

0-
20
1 – 5
6 –

10
11 – 15 16 -20

Clearly identifies and addresses

the central thesis of recidivism

rates and trends, the current

impediments to successful

reentry, and reentry initiatives to

reduce or remove impediments to

facilitate reduced recidivism in the

future and logically analyzes and

discusses the topics

0-
20
1 – 5
6 –

10
11 – 15 16 – 20

Writing and grammar skills are

appropriate to the graduate level

and sources are completely and

appropriately cited and referenced

APA style and format

0-
20
1 – 5
6 –

10
11 – 15 16 – 20

Subject matter presented in paper

reflects in-depth critical thought

presented in a clear concise

manner and relates the subject

matter to the SLU Core Value of

Responsible Stewardship, i.e.,

Can recidivism be reduced, so

taxpayers do not cyclically fund

habitual offenders who aren’t

prepared to re-enter society? Can

prisons and jails do a better job

preparing offenders for success

upon release? Will dollars spent

on rehabilitation and reentry

services ultimately lower

expenditures on corrections?

What overall social benefits will

accrue from reduced unsuccessful

reentry and reduced recidivism?

0-
20
1 – 5
6 –
10
11 – 15 16 – 20

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