PSY UNIT 1

 2.

Question :

Dr. Harris is describing the assumptions, rules, and procedures that psychologists use to gather observations. Dr. Harris is outlining the _____ method.

Student Answer:

deductive

psychological

rational

scientific

 3.

Question :

Which of the following is the best definition of heritability?

Student Answer:

The proportion of observed differences among people that is due to genetics

The extent to which men and women differ in terms of their genetic makeup

The average genetic similarity between identical twins.

The average genetic similarity among strangers.

 4.

Question :

Which of the following best defines individual differences?

Student Answer:

the average correlation among personality variables

average differences between men and women on depression

variations among people

extreme rather than moderate changes in behavior

 5.

Question :

Which approach is correctly matched with its description?

Student Answer:

functionalism; emphasizes why our behavior and mental processes are the way they are

structuralism; emphasizes the unconscious determinants of behavior

psychodynamic; emphasizes the elements of mental experience

behaviorism; emphasizes mental processes

 6.

Question :

Which of the following best defines evolutionary psychology?

Student Answer:

The study of the history of the unconscious

The study of the development of the mind

The application of the Darwinian theory of natural selection to understanding behavior

The case study approach to human development

 7.

Question :

Which of the following best defines cognitive psychology?

Student Answer:

The study of consciousness and development

The study of stress and coping

The study of mental processes including thinking and memory

The study of human development

 8.

Question :

Which of the following best defines structuralism?

Student Answer:

Uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements of psychological experience

Focuses on the role of our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories and our early childhood experiences in determining behavior

Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the mind, and therefore that psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behavior itself

The study of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory, and judgments

 9.

Question :

Which of the following American psychologists is correctly matched with his contribution to psychology?

Student Answer:

Freud – opened one of the first psychology laboratories

Skinner- contributed to behaviorism

Watson – contributed to structuralism

James – contributed to behaviorism

 10.

Question :

According to your text, two of the first research psychologists were _____ and _____.

Student Answer:

James and Watson

Wundt and James

Watson and Titchener

Fechner and Freud

 11.

Question :

Regarding the historical development of contemporary psychology, which of the following statements is true?

Student Answer:

Psychology has remained largely subjective.

Relatively few women have entered the field.

The proportion of men in the field has increased.

Psychology has become more objective and scientific

 12.

Question :

Which of the following best defines behavioralism?

Student Answer:

Uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements of psychological experience

Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the mind, and therefore that psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behavior itself

Attempts to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular psychological aspects that they currently possess

The study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behavior

 13.

Question :

Which of the following best defines functionalism?

Student Answer:

Uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements of psychological experience

Attempts to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular psychological aspects that they currently possess

Focuses on the role of our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories and our early childhood experiences in determining behavior

Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the mind, and therefore that psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behavior itself

 14.

Question :

Which psychologist is correctly matched with an associated approach?

Student Answer:

Freud – behaviorist

James – psychodynamic

Jung – cognitive

Titchener – structuralism

 15.

Question :

Dr. Greenway argues that psychology should focus on observable, measurable behavior. Dr. Cech suggests that psychology should study how people think and process information about the world. Which option correctly identifies their respective approaches?

Student Answer:

Dr. Greenway – psychodynamic; Dr. Cech – structuralism

Dr. Greenway – structuralism; Dr. Cech – psychodynamic

Dr. Greenway – behaviorism; Dr. Cech – cognitive

Dr. Greenway – cognitive; Dr. Cech – behaviorism

 16.

Question :

Which of the following psychologists is correctly matched with his contribution to psychology?

Student Answer:

Freud – contributed to behaviorism

Skinner- contributed to psychoanalysis

Wundt – contributed to structuralism

James – contributed to behaviorism

 17.

Question :

Which of the following psychologists is correctly matched with his contribution to psychology?

Student Answer:

Wundt – opened one of the first laboratories in psychology

Fechner – studied list memory

Ebbinghaus – developed the first psychological measurement, the JND

Freud – founded the behaviorist school

 18.

Question :

Gene is to environment as _____ is to _____.

Student Answer:

determinism; free will

unconscious processing; conscious processing

nature; nurture

free will; determinism

 19.

Question :

Research reported in your text is most consistent with which of the following statements?

Student Answer:

It is difficult to convince people that they have free will

People may believe that they have free will even when they do not

Free will is not possible to study scientifically

Free will is observed more frequently in men than in women

 20.

Question :

Which of the following best defines a social norm?

Student Answer:

A cognitive structure

A psychodynamic repression

A shared way of thinking or feeling

A reinforcement schedule