in finance home work due 3 pm monday 26

i have some ratios for citigroup i want each ratios to be analyed and graphed 

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+ I want to calculate the same ratios for the financial or banking industry and analyze these ratios , graph it , take the avagerage of these ratios, then  compare it to citigroup 

SAUD ALEBRAHIM

TERM PROGECT REPORT

FINANCE 331

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Citigroup

Citigroup is one of the largest financial institutions in the world if not the largest. It was shaped from the merger combing the Travelers group and Citicorp in 1898. Now it operates on 140 countries and has 200,000,000 customers. But like its rivals it suffers from the financial crises

ROA : Return on Assets

This ratios is to measure how assets are efficiently utilized.

Citigroup ROA was back on 2006 %1.14 and on 2011% .95 But to show the effect of the crises on 2008 (%-1.40 ) this decrease on its earring to assets increase later on by the Fed and the government policy of pushing lots of money into the financial system to increase solvency and money circulation .

ROE : Return on Equity

A measure of the returns earned on the owners’ both preferred and common stockholders investment.

By this ratio we could see that the return earned on investment in Citigroup was back on 2006 17.98% and 2011 6.16% on 2008 was a negative -19.55% this negative number show the suffer of Citigroup in their profit ratio during the crisis.

DEPT TO EQUITY:

This ratio is to measure the dept on shareholder to finance the company and that been said we see on citigrgrup which been bailout by the government big time after the crises. Their ration wad on 2006 14.73 and on 2008 was 12.69 and it declines all the way to 2011 to be 9.44

Net Profit Margin

This ratio is very important to compare a company profitability compare to the industry and it rivals. it tells you how much the company profits from each dollar. The citigroup have sufferd on 2008 very much that its net profit margin was -25.96% compare to 22.32% on 2006 but it getting back there by improving to 15.23% on 2011. In this ratio always the higher the better .

2

>Income Statement

1

1/11

12 Months 12 Months 12 Months 12 Months

10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K

/12

2/24/12 2/24/12

/11

/10

Reclassified Reclassified

,056.00

.00

s

Interest on Deposit

,906.00

0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0

,326.00

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

Before Extra. Items

-20

0 0 0 0 0

112 -20 -445 4,002.00 708

Net Income

2

0 1 2010 2009 2008 200

7
Period End Date 12/

3 12/31/10 12/31/09 12/31/08 12/31/07
Period Length 12 Months
Stmt Source 10-K
Stmt Source Date 2/2

4 2/2

5 2/2

6
Stmt Update Type Updated Reclassified Restated
Interest Income, Bank 72,681.00 79,282.00 76,398.00 106,499.00 121,347.00
Interest & Fees on Loans 50,281.00 55 47,4

57 62,336.00 63,201.00
Interest & Dividends on Investment Securities 8,320.00 11,004.00 12,882.00 10,718.00 13,423.00
Interest on Deposit 1,750.00 1,252.00 1,478.00 3,074.00 3,097.00
Fed Funds Sold/Secs. Sold under Resale Agrmnt. 3,631.00 3,156.00 3,084.00 9,150.00 18,341.00
Other Interest Income 513 735 774 3,775.00 4,811.00
Trading Account Interest 8,186.00 8,079.00 10,723.00 17,446.00 18,474.00
Total Interest Expense 24,234.00 25,096.00 27,902.00 52,750.00 75,958.00
8,556.00 8,371.00 10,146.00 20,271.00 28,402.00
Interest on Other Borrowings 12,481.00 13,917.00 14,323.00 21,214.00 24,553.00
Fed Funds Sold/Secs. Sold under Repurch. Agrmnt. 3,197.00 2,808.00 3,433.00 11,265.00 23,003.00
Non-Interest Income, Bank 29 32,415.00 31,789.00 -2,150.00 31,911.00
Fees & Commissions from Operations 13,242.00 13,889.00 16,570.00 16,560.00 28,928.00
Commissions & Fees from Securities Activities 7,234.00 7,517.00 6,068.00 -23,889.00 -12,347.00
Insurance Commissions, Fees & Premiums 2,647.00 2,684.00 3,020.00 3,221.00 3,062.00
Credit Card Fees 3,603.00 3,774.00 4,110.00 4,517.00
Investment Securities Gains 1,997.00 2,411.00 1,996.00 679 1,168.00
Other Unusual Income
Other Revenue 3,437.00 3,551.00 2,931.00 -498 11,100.00
Total Revenue 78,353.00 86,601.00 80,285.00 51,599.00 77,300.00
Loan Loss Provision 11,773.00 25,194.00 38,760.00 33,674.00 16,832.00
Non-Interest Expense, Bank 51,956.00 48,223.00 49,324.00 70,280.00 59,822.00
Labor & Related Expenses 25,688.00 24,430.00 24,987.00 31,096.00 32,705.00
Restructuring Charge -113 1,550.00 1,528.00
Other Expense 26,268.00 23,793.00 24,450.00 37,634.00 25,589.00
Income Before Tax 14,624.00 13,184.00 -7,799.00 -52,355.00 646
Income Tax – Total 3,521.00 2,233.00 -6,733.00 -20 -2,546.00
Income After Tax 11,103.00 10,951.00 -1,066.00 -32,029.00 3,192.00
Minority Interest -148 -329 -95 343 -283
Equity In Affiliates
U.S. GAAP Adjustment
Net Income 10,955.00 10,622.00 -1,161.00 -31,686.00 2,909.00
Total Extraordinary Items 112 -445 4,002.00 708
Accounting Change
Discontinued Operations
11,067.00 10,602.00 -1,606.00 -27,684.00 3,617.00

Balance Sheet

2010 2009 2008 2007
Period End Date 12/31/11 12/31/10 12/31/09 12/31/08 12/31/07
Stmt Source 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K

Stmt Source Date 2/24/12 2/24/12 2/25/11 2/26/10

Stmt Update Type Updated Reclassified Reclassified Reclassified Restated

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

, Total

0 0 0 0 0

,505.00

Long Term Debt 312,505.00 362,983.00 339,919.00 292,193.00 340,212.00

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

Minority Interest

0

0 0 0 0 0

312 312 312

0

29 29

57 55

0 0 0 0 0

0 0

2011
2/27/09
Assets
Cash & Due From Banks 28,701.00 27,972.00 25,472.00 29,253.00 38,206.00
Other Earning Assets, Total 1,016,780.00 1,044,590.00 1,038,328.00 988,119.00 1,097,424.00
Net Loans 617,127.00 608,139.00 555,471.00 664,600.00 761,876.00
Property/Plant/Equipment, Total – Net
Goodwill, Net 25,413.00 26,152.00 25,392.00 27,132.00 41,053.00
Intangibles, Net 9,169.00 12,058.00 15,244.00 19,816.00 22,687.00
Long Term Investments
Other Long Term Assets, Total
Other Assets, Total 176,688.00 194,991.00 196,739.00 209,550.00 226,234.00
Total Assets 1,873,878.00 1,913,902.00 1,856,646.00 1,938,470.00 2,187,480.00
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Accounts Payable 56,696.00 51,749.00 60,846.00 70,916.00 84,951.00
Payable/Accrued
Accrued Expenses
Total Deposits 865,936.00 844,968.00 835,903.00 774,185.00 826,230.00
Other Bearing Liabilities, Total 16,000.00 28,200.00 47,100.00 67,400.00 86,900.00
Total Short Term Borrowings 247,814.00 258,348.00 200,160.00 331,984.00 450,731.00
Policy Liabilities
Notes Payable/Short Term Debt
Current Port. of LT Debt/Capital Leases
Other

Current Liabilities
Total

Long Term Debt 312 362,983.00 339,919.00 292,193.00 340,212.00
Capital Lease Obligations
Deferred Income Tax
1,767.00 2,321.00 2,273.00 2,392.00
Other Liabilities, Total 195,354.00 201,865.00 217,745.00 257,770.00 285,009.00
Total Liabilities 1,696,072.00 1,750,434.00 1,703,946.00 1,796,840.00 2,074,033.00
Redeemable Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock – Non Redeemable, Net 70,664.00
Common Stock 286
Additional Paid-In Capital 105,804.00 101,287.00 98,142.00 19,165.00 18,007.00
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) 90,520.00 79,559.00 77,440.00 86,521.00 121,769.00
Treasury Stock – Common -1,071.00 -1,442.00 -4,543.00 -9,582.00 -21,724.00
ESOP Debt Guarantee
Unrealized Gain (Loss) -35 -2,395.00 -4,347.00
Other Equity, Total -17,753.00 -13,882.00 -14,590.00 -25,195.00 -4,660.00
Total Equity 177,806.00 163,468.00 152,700.00 141,630.00 113,447.00

Ratios

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007

Total Revenue

Net Income

Total Assets

Total Equity

Current Liabilities

Year 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
1

2

3

4

5

)

0.04

6

7

Year 2006 **Numbers is $000,000’s except for ratios***
$ 72,681 $ 79,282 $ 76,635 $ 106,655 $ 121,429 $ 96,497
$ 11,067 $ 10,602 $ (1,606) $ (27,684) $ 3,617 $ 21,538
Inerest Expense $ 24,234 $ 25,096 $ 27,721 $ 52,963 $ 76,051 $ 56,943
$ 1,873,878 $ 1,913,902 $ 1,856,646 $ 1,938,470 $ 2,187,480 $ 1,884,318
$ 179,573 $ 165,789 $ 154,973 $ 141,640 $ 113,447 $ 119,783
Current Assets $ 617,127 $ 608,139 $ 555,471 $ 664,600 $ 761,876 $ 670,252
$ 865,936 $ 844,968 $ 835,903 $ 774,185 $ 826,230 $ 712,041
Operating Income $ 11,103 $ 10,951 $ (1,066) $ (32,094) $ 2,989 $ 20,451
Return on Assets 0.59% 0.55% -0.09% -1.43% 0.17% 1.14%
Return on Equity 6.16% 6.39% -1.04% -19.55% 3.19% 17.98%
Debt to Equity Ratio 9.44 10.54 10.98 12.69 18.28 14.73
Current Ratio 0.71 0.72 0.66 0.86 0.92 0.94
Times Interest Earned 0.46 0.44 (

0.04 (0.61) 0.36
Equity Multiplier 10.44 11.54 11.98 13.69 19.28 15.73
Net Profit Margin Ratio 15.23% 13.37% -2.10% -25.96% 2.98% 22.32%
We can see the effects of the banking system collapse of 2008 by examining the ratios of Citigroup corp. As a result of the housing burst of 2006 which encouraged home ownership, questionable trading policies resulted in the questioning of banks solvency. We can see that Citigroup suffered the effect if we look at its return on equity ratios of 2008 and 2009. the effect can also be seen in its net profit ratio for the same two years. Fortunately, the company seemed to be able to come back to profitability in 2011 when it realized a 6.16% return on equity; its best since 2006.

Income Statement

Investment Bank Income Statement(millions)

1

5

84

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

Before Extra.Items

– 0 1

Net Income 4,160

UBS 20

1 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
Period End Date 12/31/11 12/31/10 12/31/09 12/31/08 12/31/07 12/31/06
Interest Income, Bank 17,970 18,873 23,461 65,680 109,112 87,401
Total Interest Expense 11,143 12,658 17,016 59,687 103,775 80,880
Non-interest Income, Bank 21,046 25,

84 17,987 (2,199) 26,622 41,488
Total Revenue 27,873 32,060 24,432 3,794 31,959 48,009
Loan Loss Provision 66 1,832 2,996 238 466
Non-interest Expense,Bank 22,438 24,540 25,162 28,555 35,463 33,498
Income Before Tax 5,351 7,454 (2,562) (27,757) (3,742) 14,045
Income Tax-Total 923 (381) (443) (6,837) 1,369 2,786
Income After Tax 4,428 7,835 (2,119) (20,920) (5,111) 11,259
Minority Interest (268) (303) (600) (520) (539) (320)
Equity in Affiliates – 0
U.S. GAAP Adjustment
Net Income 4,160 7,532 (2,719) (21,440) (5,650) 10,939
Total Extraordinary Items (17) 150 403 796
7,533 (2,736) (21,290) (5,247) 11,735

Balance Sheet

2010 2009 2008 2007 2006

Period End Date 12/31/11 12/31/10 12/31/09 12/31/08 12/31/07 12/31/06

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

– 0

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

– 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

1,317,245

2,274,891 2,346,610

UBS Investment Bank Balance Sheet(Millions) 2011
Assets
Cash&Due From Banks 163,941 144,597 154,984 220,092 286,763 70,681
Other Earning Assets, Total 458,536 454,877 440,927 554,832 1,168,031 1,618,723
Net Loans 266,604 262,877 266,477 340,308 335,864 312,521
Property/Plant/Equipment, Total-Net 5,688 5,467 6,212 6,706 7,234 6,913
Goodwill and other Intangibles, Net 9,695 9,822 11,008 12,935 14,538 14,773
Long Term Investments 795 790 870 892 1,979 1,523
Other Long Term Assets, Total 12,009 12,998 8,868 8,880 3,220 3,934
Other Assets, Total 501,893 425,817 451,192 870,172 457,262 317,542
Total Assets 1,419,161 1,317,245 1,340,538 2,014,817 2,274,891 2,346,610
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Accounts Payable 342,409 332,301 339,263 465,741 641,892 555,977
Payable/Accrued
Accrued Expenses 6,850 7,738 8,689 10,196 22,150 21,527
Total Deposits
Other Bearing Liabilities, Total
Total Short Term Borrowings 102,429 74,796 64,175 102,561 305,887 204,773
Policy Liabilities
Notes Payable/Short Term Debt
Current Port. Of LT Debt/Capital Leases
Other Current Liabilities, Total 584 847 2,662 4,429 97,429
Total Long Term Debt 170,818 171,761 163,274 322,882 367,839 190,141
Deferred Income Tax
Other Liabilities, Total 742,626 682,983 724,121 1,078,242 895,819 1,227,382
Total Liabilities 1,365,716 1,270,426 1,299,522 1,982,284 2,238,016 2,297,229
Redeemable Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock-Non Redeemable, Net
Common Stock 34,997 34,776 35,180 25,543 12,640 12,851
Retained Earnings(Accumulated Deficit) 23,603 19,444 11,910 14,525 35,833 49,151
Treasury Stock-Common (1,160) (654) (1,040) (3,156) (10,363) (9,542)
ESOP Debt Guarantee
Unrealized Gain(Loss)
Other Equity, Total (3,994) (6,747) (5,036) (4,381) (1,235) (3,079)
Total Equity 53,446 46,819 41,014 32,531 36,875 49,381
Total Liabilities&Shareholders’ Equity 1,419,162 1,340,536 2,014,815

Financial Ratios

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
ROA 0.003 0.006 -0.002 –

0.011

-0.002

0.005 ROE 0.078 0.161 –

0.067 -0.654 -0.142 0.238 Debt to Equity 25.553 27.135 31.685 60.935 60.692 46.521 Equity Multiplier 26.553 28.135 32.685 61.935 61.692 47.521

Time Interest Earned

1.480 1.589 0.849 0.535 0.964 1.174 ROA=Net Income/Total Assets ROE=Net Income/Total Equity Debt to Equity=Total Debt/Total Equity Equity Multiplier=Total Assets/Total Equity Time Interest Earned=EBIT/Interest

Chart

ROA 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2.9313094145061763E-3 5.7187539144198688E-3 -2.0409716099058736E-3 -1.0566716480950875E-2 -2.3064841348442631E-3 5.0008309859755134E-3 ROE 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 7.7835572353403437E-2

0.160

89621734765799 -6.6708928658506847E-2 -0.65445267590913281 -0.1422915254237288 0.23764200805978009 Debt to Equity 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 25.553193877932866 27.134838420299452 31.684839323157945 60.935231010420829 60.691959322033895 46.52050383750835 Equity Multiplier 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 26.553175167458743 28.134838420299452 32.684888086994683 61.93529249024008 61.691959322033 895 47.52050383750835 Time Interest Earned 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 1.4802117921565108 1.5888765997787959 0.84943582510578275 0.5349573608993583 0.96394121898337748 1.1736523244312562

ROA Chart

ROA 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2.9313094145061763E-3 5.7187539144198688E-3 -2.0409716099058736E-3 -1.0566716480950875E-2 -2.3064841348442631E-3 5.0008309859755134E-3

ROE Chart

ROE 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 7.7835572353403437E-2 0.16089621734765799 -6.6708928658506847E-2 -0.65445267590913281 -0.1422915254237288 0.23764200805978009

Debt to Equity Chart

Debt to Equity 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 25.553193877932866 27.134838420299452 31.684839323157945 60.935231010420829 60.691959322033895 46.52050383750835

Equity Multiplier Chart

Equity Multiplier 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 26.553175167458743 28.134838420299452 32.684888086994683 61.93529249024008 61.691959322033895 47.52050383750835
Time Interest Earned

Time Interest Earned 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 1.4802117921565108 1.5888765997787959 0.84943582510578275 0.5349573608993583 0.96394121898337748 1.1736523244312562

Industry ROA and ROE

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006

0.006 0.003 0.003

0.009

0.011

0.006 0.009 0.009 0.010

0.005 0.007

0.009 0.010 0.008

0.021

UBS 0.003 0.006 -0.002

-0.002 0.005

0.003 0.003 0.007 0.003

0.005

HBC

WBK 0.161 0.160

SAN

ITUB 0.194

UBS 0.078 0.161 -0.067 -0.654 -0.142 0.238
LYG

0.067

BCS

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006

0.006 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.009

ROA of Foreign Money Center Banks (Industry)
HBC 0.007 0.009
WBK 0.010
SAN 0.008
ITUB 0.018 0.017 0.013 0.021 0.035
-0.011
LYG -0.0004 -0.0003 0.0029 0.0019 0.0094 0.0085
BCS 0.004
ROE of Foreign Money Center Banks (Industry)
0.108 0.092 0.049 0.065 0.151 0.147
0.096 0.199 0.197 0.194
0.074 0.113 0.127 0.156 0.154 0.146
0.184 0.179 0.293 0.183 0.337
-0.008 -0.006 0.087 0.267 0.253
0.061 0.073 0.176 0.112 0.157 0.190
Industry Average
Average ROA 0.012
Average ROE 0.095 0.111 0.090 0.037 0.138 0.215

Industry Average ROA

Average ROA 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 6.4961857386293623E-3 7.0880480527965384E-3 5.5148710758036847E-3 5.0065386200884784E-3 8.5508948048946872E-3 1.1587434725753507E-2

Industry Average ROE

Average ROE 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 9.5424373210252433E-2 0.11095590417320404 8.9584759786053111E-2 3.6658534761608554E-2 0.13815689136047257 0.21490579239688032

UBSInvestment Bank

UBS Investment Bank is one of the top fee-generating investment banks in the world. Its traditional strengths are advisory, research, equities, foreign exchange and precious metals. The Investment Banking Department in the UBS Investment Bank furnishes a series of advisory and underwriting services such as mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, investment grade and high yield debt offerings, leveraged finance and leveraged loan structuring and so on.

Financial Ratios Analysis

Return on Assets (ROA) measures the efficiency that the management uses its assets to generate earnings. The ROAs of UBS Investment Bank were positive before and after financial crisis (2006, 2010 and 2011). However, during the years of financial crisis (2007 to 2009), UBS Investment Bank suffered negative ROAs; that means it invested a high amount of capital into its production while received little income.

Return on Equity (ROE) measures a company’s profitability. It shows that how much profit a company can generate with the money shareholders have invested. UBS Investment Bank had positive ROEs in the years 2006, 2010 and 2011 while had negative ROEs in the years of financial crisis (2007, 2008, 2009). Those negative ROEs show that UBS Investment Bank lost shareholders’ money and was not profitable in the financial crisis.

Debt to Equity ratio measures a company’s financial leverage; it shows the relationship between the capital contributed by creditors and the capital contributed by shareholders. UBS Investment Bank had high Debt to Equity ratios before and during the financial crisis, especially in 2007 and 2008. This indicates that UBS Investment Bank was easily to go debt default because it might not be able to generate enough cash to satisfy its debt obligations. Compared to the ratios from 2006 to 2009, the ratios were low in 2010 and 2011. Investors usually prefer low Debt to Equity ratio because their interests can be better protected when the business declines. In the periods of financial crisis, the businesses of financial institutions were more likely to go down so high Debt to Equity ratios might scare investors away.

Equity Multiplier measures a company’s financial leverage; it shows how a company uses debt to finance its assets. During the years 2006 to 2009, Equity Multipliers of UBS Investment Bank were high, especially in 2007 and 2008. This shows that UBS Investment Bank highly relied on debt to finance its assets before and during the financial crisis. Highly relying on debt may increase the possibility of a company to go debt default, especially in the periods of financial crisis so investors might think that it was too risky to invest in UBS Investment Bank in the periods of financial crisis. Equity Multipliers were relatively low in the years 2010 and 2011; that shows a low reliance on debt to finance assets and gives investors more confidence to inject money in UBS Investment Bank.

Time Interest Earned measures how well a company can cover its interest payments on a pretax basis. In the years before and after financial crisis, Time Interest Earned of UBS Investment Bank were above 1; this shows that UBS’s income before interest and tax was enough to pay off its interest expense. However, Time Interest Earned were below 1 in the years of financial crisis; this means that UBS failed to meet its interest obligations and this was a risky signal to go bankruptcy.

Based on Debt to Equity and Equity Multiplier, it’s not hard to find that UBS had many debts before and during financial crisis (2006 to 2009). UBS began to issue a large amount of subordinated debt before financial crisis because subordinated debt could bring UBS much more benefits while simultaneously much more risk. This planted hidden danger for the whole economic market and accelerated the occurrence of financial crisis. Before financial crisis, another problem in UBS Investment Bank was Dillon Read Capital Management division (DRCM). DRCM, which was a large internal hedge fund, was formed to keep some of the bank’s traders from defecting to hedge funds as well as to create a position for John Costas who was the CEO of UBS Investment Bank. In 2006, DRCM brought a profit of $720 million to UBS but after UBS took over the position of DRCM in May 2007 and removed hedges, a $3.04 billion loss was generated by DRCM. For making up the loss, The UBS Investment Bank continued to expand subprime risk. This further accelerated the occurrence of financial crisis.

After the expansion of subprime risk in 2006 and 2007, UBS Investment Bank continued to lose money in 2008 when it announced in April 2008 that it was writing down a further $19 billion of investments in subprime and other mortgage assets. Responding to its losses, UBS announced a CHF15 billion rights offering to raise the additional funds need to shore up its depleted reserves of capital. Besides, UBS cut its dividend in order to protect its core capital which was seen by investors as a key to its credibility. Although UBS announced that it placed CHF6 billion of new capital and put $6 billion of equity into the new “bad bank” entity in October and November 2008, its losses continued increasing under the impact of financial crisis. In February 2009, UBS announced that it had lost nearly $17.2 billion in 2008 which was the biggest single-year loss in Swiss history. Since the beginning of the financial crisis in 2007, UBS has written down more than $50 billion from subprime mortgage investments and cut more than 11000 jobs.

By the spring of 2009, UBS started a plan to return to profitability. Meantime, UBS announced the planned elimination of 8700 jobs and implemented a new compensation plan. Under the plan, no more than one-third of any cash bonus would be paid out in the year it is earned with the rest held in reserve and stock-based incentives that would vest after three years. Top executives would have to hold 75% of any vested shares. Additionally, the bank’s chairman would no longer receive any extra variable compensation, only a cash salary and a fixed allotment of shares that could not be sold for four years. By the summer of 2009, UBS began to recover itself from financial crisis and its profit gradually increased. The effect of recovery became obvious in 2010 and 2011 as UBS’s ROAs and ROEs went up to positive.

The UBS and The Whole Industry

According to average ROAs and average ROEs of the whole industry, there were decreasing trends from years 2006 to 2008 and increasing trends after the year 2008. The whole industry had lowest ROA and ROE in 2008 which was the full-blown financial crisis year. The ROAs and the ROEs of UBS show the similar trends from 2006 to 2011. Both ratios went down from positive numbers in 2006 to negative numbers in 2008 and gradually went up to positive numbers after 2008. After comparing the ratios of UBS to the ratios of the whole industry, it is easy to see that the industry’s economic conditions, to some extent, can affect and reflect individual firm’s economic conditions.

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