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1.) Describe pulse code modulation, phase shift modulation, amplitude modulation, and frequency modulation. Indicate how each is used to represent data.
2.) What is the difference between noise and distortion? How can noise and distortion be introduced into a transmission medium? How does a channel’s signal-to-noise ratio affect the reliability of data transmission?
3.) Many phone companies are replacing the wire in their phone systems with fiber
optic cable. What do they expect to gain from doing so?
4.)The current IP address standard is 32 bits. IPv6 will increase the address length to 128 bits. An IP socket address is a combination of an IP address and IP port number, usually written with the IP address first followed by a colon and the port number (for example, 129.24.8.1:42). An IP socket allows multiple hardware devices or software services to “listen” to different message streams sent to the same IP address.
a. What is the URL name and dotted quad IP address of an Internet URL that you use? (It could be your ISP)
b. What is the Network Class of the address?
c. How did you determine the dotted quad address (i.e., what utility did you use to determine the address not how you converted it to binary)?
5.) Concurrency, of course, is a requirement for modern operating systems. What
are the major challenges that an OS designer faces in supporting efficient concurrency that she would not face if the operating system could just run one program at a time?
6.) Clearly explain the differences between multiprogramming, multiuser, and multiprocessing.
7.) How does interpretation differ from compilation?
8.) What is the difference between the logical description of a file and the physical description?
9.) List and explain some definite advantages to the use of a command line interface over other types of interfaces. Do the same for a graphical user interface. Do the same for a Web-based interface. What is the target audience for each type of interface?
